"September 1994, reprinted March 1995" Includes tables "Report prepared for: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy" "PIBS 3228E" Includes bibliographical references The Ontario Government is undertaking major changes to its environmental protection regime, with one of the main targets being the air and water-borne contaminants released by industries. The economics literature is not conclusive on the net impact of environmental protection regulations on competitiveness and productivity and is almost exclusively related to the United States. This study postulates mechanisms and hypotheses whereby environmental protection regulations affect industrial competitiveness and productivity; tests the hypotheses empirically; and forecasts the effects of the proposed water and air pollution requirements on the pulp and paper, iron and steel, and petroleum refining sectors. Appendices include annotated references and competitiveness criteria taken from the World Competitiveness Report