CHAPTER IX. Military Plans in the Netherlands--The Elector and Electorate of Cologne--Martin Schenk--His Career before serving the States-- Franeker University founded--Parma attempts Grave--Battle on the Meuse--Success and Vainglory of Leicester--St. George's Day triumphantly kept at Utrecht--Parma not so much appalled as it was thought--He besieges and reduces Grave--And is Master of the Meuse-- Leicester's Rage at the Surrender of Grave--His Revenge--Parma on the Rhine--He besieges aid assaults Neusz--Horrible Fate of the Garrison and City--Which Leicester was unable to relieve--Asel surprised by Maurice and Sidney--The Zeeland Regiment given to Sidney--Condition of the Irish and English Troops--Leicester takes the Field--He reduces Doesburg--He lays siege to Zutphen--Which Parma prepares to relieve--The English intercept the Convoy--Battle of Warnsfeld--Sir Philip Sidney wounded--Results of the Encounter-- Death of Sidney at Arnheim--Gallantry of Edward Stanley.Five great rivers hold the Netherland territory in their coils. Threeare but slightly separated--the Yssel, Waal, and ancient Rhine, while theScheldt and, Meuse are spread more widely asunder. Along each of thesestreams were various fortified cities, the possession of which, in thosedays, when modern fortification was in its infancy, implied the controlof the surrounding country. The lower part of all the rivers, where theymingled with the sea and became wide estuaries, belonged to the Republic,for the coasts and the ocean were in the hands of the Hollanders andEnglish. Above, the various strong places were alternately in the handsof the Spaniards and of the patriots. Thus Antwerp, with the otherScheldt cities, had fallen into Parma's power, but Flushing, whichcontrolled them all, was held by Philip Sidney for the Queen and States.On the Meuse, Maastricht and Roermond were Spanish, but Yenloo, Grave,Meghem, and other towns, held for the commonwealth. On the Waal, thetown of Nymegen had, through the dexterity of Martin Schenk, beenrecently transferred to the royalists, while the rest of that river'scourse was true to the republic. The Rhine, strictly so called, from its