SHEA'S

 LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LINGUISTICS. 

 XII. 

 DICTIONARY

 OF THE

 CHINOOK JARGON, OR, TRADE LANGUAGE OF OREGON. 

 BY GEORGE GIBBS. 

 NEW YORK:

 CRAMOISY PRESS. 

 1863. 

PREFACE. 

Some years ago the Smithsonian Institution printed a small vocabulary ofthe Chinook Jargon, furnished by Dr. B. R. Mitchell, of the U. S. Navy, andprepared, as we afterwards learned, by Mr. Lionnet, a Catholic priest, forhis own use while studying the language at Chinook Point. It was submittedby the Institution, for revision and preparation for the press, to thelate Professor W. W. Turner. Although it received the critical examinationof that distinguished philologist, and was of use in directing attentionto the language, it was deficient in the number of words in use, containedmany which did not properly belong to the Jargon, and did not give thesources from which the words were derived. 

Mr. Hale had previously given a vocabulary and account of this Jargon inhis "Ethnography of the United States Exploring Expedition, " which wasnoticed by Mr. Gallatin in the Transactions of the American EthnologicalSociety, vol. Ii. He, however, fell into some errors in his derivation ofthe words, chiefly from ignoring the Chihalis element of the Jargon, andthe number of words given by him amounted only to about two hundred andfifty. 

A copy of Mr. Lionnet's vocabulary having been sent to me, with a requestto make such corrections as it might require, I concluded not merely tocollate the words contained in this and other printed and manuscriptvocabularies, but to ascertain, so far as possible, the languages whichhad contributed to it, with the original Indian words. This had become themore important, as its extended use by different tribes had led toethnological errors in the classing together of essentially distinctfamilies. Dr. Scouler, whose vocabularies were among the earliest bases ofcomparison of the languages of the northwest coast, assumed a number ofwords, which he found indiscriminately employed by the Nootkans ofVancouver Island, the Chinooks of the Columbia, and the intermediatetribes, to belong alike to their several languages, and exhibit analogiesbetween them accordingly. [A] On this idea, among other points of fanciedresemblance, he founded his family of Nootka-Columbians, --one which hasbeen adopted by Drs. Pritchard and Latham, and has caused very greatmisconception. Not only are those languages entirely distinct, but theNootkans differ greatly in physical and mental characteristics from thelatter. The analogies between the Chinook and the other nativecontributors to the Jargon are given hereafter. 

[Footnote A: Journal Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. Xi. , 1841. ]

The origin of this Jargon, a conventional language similar to the LinguaFranca of the Mediterranean, the Negro-English-Dutch of Surinam, thePigeon English of China, and several other mixed tongues, dates back tothe fur droguers of the last century. Those mariners whose enterprise inthe fifteen years preceding 1800, explored the intricacies of thenorthwest coast of America, picked up at their general rendezvous, NootkaSound, various native words useful in barter, and thence transplantedthem, with additions from the English, to the shores of Oregon. Evenbefore their day, the coasting trade and warlike expeditions of thenorthern tribes, themselves a sea-faring race, had opened up a partialunderstanding of each other's speech; for when, in 1792, Vancouver'sofficers visited Gray's Harbor, they found that the natives, thoughspeaking a different language, understood many words of the Nootka. 

On the arrival of Lewis and Clarke at the mouth of the Columbia, in 1806, the new language, from the sentences given by them, had evidently attainedsome form. It was with the arrival of Astor's party, however, that theJargon received its principal impulse. Many more words of English werethen brought in, and for the first time the French, or rather the Canadianand Missouri patois of the French, was introduced. The principal seat ofthe company being at Astoria, not only a large addition of Chinook wordswas made, but a considerable number was taken from the Chihalis, whoimmediately bordered that tribe on the north, --each owning a portion ofShoalwater Bay. The words adopted from the several languages were, naturally enough, those most easily uttered by all, except, of course, that objects new to the natives found their names in French or English, and such modifications were made in pronunciation as suited tonguesaccustomed to different sounds. Thus the gutturals of the Indians weresoftened or dropped; and the _f_ and _r_ of the English and French, tothem unpronounceable, were modified into _p_ and _l_. Grammatical formswere reduced to their simplest expression, and variations in mood andtense conveyed only by adverbs or by the context. The language continuedto receive additions, and assumed a more distinct and settled meaning, under the Northwest and Hudson's Bay companies, who succeeded Astor'sparty, as well as through the American settlers in Oregon. Its advantagewas soon perceived by the Indians, and the Jargon became to some extent ameans of communication between natives of different speech, as well asbetween them and the whites. It was even used as such between Americansand Canadians. It was at first most in vogue upon the lower Columbia andthe Willamette, whence it spread to Puget Sound, and with the extension oftrade, found its way far up the coast, as well as the Columbia and Fraserrivers; and there are now few tribes between the 42d and 57th parallels oflatitude in which there are not to be found interpreters through itsmedium. Its prevalence and easy acquisition, while of vast convenience totraders and settlers, has tended greatly to hinder the acquirement of theoriginal Indian languages; so much so, that except by a few missionariesand pioneers, hardly one of them is spoken or understood by white men inall Oregon and Washington Territory. Notwithstanding its apparent povertyin number of words, and the absence of grammatical forms, it possessesmuch more flexibility and power of expression than might be imagined, andreally serves almost every purpose of ordinary intercourse. 

The number of words constituting the Jargon proper has been variouslystated. Many formerly employed have become in great measure obsolete, while others have been locally introduced. Thus, at the Dalles of theColumbia, various terms are common which would not be intelligible atAstoria or on Puget Sound. In making the following selection, I haveincluded all those which, on reference to a number of vocabularies, I havefound current at any of these places, rejecting, on the other hand, suchas individuals, partially acquainted with the native languages, haveemployed for their own convenience. The total number falls a little shortof five hundred words. 

An analysis of their derivations gives the following result:

Chinook, including Clatsop 200Chinook, having analogies with other languages 21Interjections common to several 8Nootka, including dialects 24Chihalis, 32; Nisqually, 7 39Klikatat and Yakama 2Cree 2Chippeway (Ojibwa) 1Wasco (probably) 4Kalapuya (probably) 4By direct onomatopoeia 6Derivation unknown, or undetermined 18French, 90; Canadian, 4 94English 67

I had no opportunity of original investigation into the Nootka proper, butfrom the few words in different published vocabularies, and from someimperfect manuscript ones in my possession of the Tokwaht, Nittinat, andMakah dialects, have ascertained the number above given. Some of theunascertained words probably also belong to that language. Neither was Iable to collate the Wasco or Kalapuya, but have assigned them on theopinion of others. The former, also called Cathlasco, the dialect of theDalles Indians, is a corrupted form of the Watlala or Upper Chinook. Withthe Chihalis, Yakama, and Klikatat, and the Nisqually, I had abundantmeans of comparison. 

The introduction of the Cree and Chippeway words is of course due to theCanadians. None have been derived from the Spanish, as their intercoursewith the Nootka and Makah Indians was too short to leave an impression. Spanish words, especially those relating to horses or mules and theirequipments, have of late come into general use in Oregon, owing tointercourse with California, but they form no part of the Jargon. It mighthave been expected from the number of Sandwich Islanders introduced by theHudson's Bay company, and long resident in the country, that the Kanakaelement would have found its way into the language, but their utterance isso foreign to the Indian ear, that not a word has been adopted. 

In the nouns derived from the French, the definite article _le_, _la_, hasalmost in every instance been incorporated into the word, and the same hasin one or two instances been prefixed to nouns not of French origin. Besides the words created by direct onomatopoeia, there are quite a numberwhich are really Indian, but have their origin in the similarity of soundto sense. 

Dr. Scouler's analogy between the Nootkan and "Columbian, " or Chinook, wasfounded on the following words:

_English. _ _Tlaoquatch and Nutka. _ _Columbian. _ plenty, *aya, *haya. No, *wik, *wake. Water, tchaak, chuck. Good, *hooleish, *closh. Bad, *peishakeis, *peshak. Man, *tchuckoop, tillicham. Woman, *tlootsemin, *clootchamen. Child, *tanassis, *tanass. Now, tlahowieh, clahowiah. Come, *tchooqua, *sacko. Slave, mischemas, *mischemas. What are you doing *akoots-ka-*mamook, ekta-*mammok. What are you saying *au-kaak-*wawa, ekta-*wawa. Let me see, *nannanitch, *nannanitch. Sun, *opeth, ootlach. Sky, *sieya, *saya. Fruit, *chamas, *camas. To sell, *makok, *makok. Understand, *commatax, *commatax. 

But of these, none marked with an asterisk belong to the Chinook or any ofits dialects. The greater part of them are undoubtedly Nootkan, thoughthere are errors in the spelling and, in some instances, in the meaning. Of the rest, the Nootkan _tchaak_ and the Chinook _tl'tsuk_ alone presentsan analogy. _Klahowiah_ does not mean "now, " nor do I believe it isNootkan, in any sense. It is, as explained in the dictionary, the Chinooksalutation, "How do you, " "Good-bye, " and is supposed to be derived fromthe word for _poor_, _miserable_. _Mischemas_ is not Chinook, and isprobably not Nootkan. With the exception of Franchere, whose shortvocabulary was published by Mr. Gallatin, and Mr. Hale, all the writersmentioned by Ludwig who have given specimens of the Chinook language, havepresented it in its Jargon form, more or less mixed with the neighboringones, and with corruptions of French and English words. Mr. Swan, amongothers, has been led into this error. The place of his residence, Shoalwater Bay, is common ground of the Chinook and Chihalis Indians, andthe degraded remnants of the two tribes are closely intermarried, and useboth languages almost indifferently. 

Setting aside interjections, common in a more or less modified form toseveral adjoining tribes, twenty-one words of those given in thisvocabulary present noticeable analogies between the Chinook and othernative languages. They are as follows:

_English. _ _Chinook. _ _Hailtzuk and Belbella. _ salmon berries, klalilli, olalli. 

_English. _ _Chinook and Clatsop. _ _Nootka. _ Jewitt and Cook. Water, tl'tsuk : tl'chukw, chauk : chahak. 

_English. _ _Chinook. _ _Cowlitz. _ _Kwantlen. _ _Selish. _ six, tákhum, tukh'um, tuckhum', táckan. 

_English. _ _Chinook. _ _Chihalis. _ _Nisqually. _ deep, kellippe, kluputl, klep glad, kwan, kwal (_tame_) proud, eyútl, júil. Demon, ichiatku, tsiatko, tsiatko. Black bear, eitchhut, chetwut. Crow, skaka, skaka. Oyster, klokhklokh, chetlókh, klokhklokh. Game of "hands, " itlokum, setlokum. 

_English. _ _Chinook. _ _Yakama and Klikatat. _ certainly, nawitka, n'witka. Always, kwanisum, kwálisim. Younger sister, ats, atse. Road, wehut, wiet (_far_). Barrel, tamtúlitsh, tamolitsh. Buffalo, emúsmus, músmus. Coyote, itálipus, talipa (_gray fox_). Mouse, kholkhol, khóilkhoil. Bread, tsapelil, saplil. Needle, okwépowa, kapus (_a pin_). 

The Clatsop (Klátsop) is merely a dialect of the Chinook (Tchinúk); theCowlitz (Káualitsk), Kwantlen, Chihalis (Tsihélis), and Nisqually(N'skwáli), are severally languages belonging to the Sélish family. TheYakama and Klikatat are dialects of one of the Sahaptin languages; and theTokwaht (Tokwát), Nittinat, and Makah (Maká), quoted in the dictionary, are dialects of the Nootka (Nútka), of which the Hailtzuk or Belbella(variously spelled Haeeltzuk and Hailtsa) is probably the northern type. It thus appears that, with two or three exceptions, the analogies of theChinook, as contained in this vocabulary, are to be sought in theimmediately adjoining tongues, or those of languages belonging to the samefamilies with them; that these analogies, with perhaps one or twoexceptions, can by no means be considered radical, and that theircorrespondence, or rather adoption, is easily accounted for byneighborhood and habits of intermarriage. A much more remarkablecoincidence is the fact that two words included in this Jargon, --one fromthe Nootkan, viz. , _Mawitch_, a deer, venison; and the other Chinook, _Mooluk_, an elk, --are also to be found in the Kowilth, the language ofHumboldt Bay, in California. As this bay was first discovered in thewinter of 1849-50, the words could not have been introduced by the furtrappers. 

With regard to the form into which this dictionary has been thrown, anexplanation is necessary. The Jargon must in some degree be regarded as awritten language, the orthography of which is English. In Mr. Hale'svocabulary alone has one more scientific been attempted, and of severalother printed, and numerous manuscript dictionaries in circulation, M. Lionnet's alone, that I have met with, is according to the French. Although no fixed system of spelling exists among them, I have thereforedeemed it best to preserve for the Jargon words that which most distinctlyrepresents the common English pronunciation; while for the Indianderivations, I have adopted that recommended by the SmithsonianInstitution in collecting Indian vocabularies, using the Italian sounds ofthe vowels, and representing the guttural of the German _ich_ by _kh_. This seemed the more proper, as the work would thereby be rendered ofpractical use, independent of what philological value it may possess. 

In collating the words of the present work and obtaining theirderivations, I have been assisted by a number of friends; among whom Ishould specially mention Mr. Alexander C. Anderson, of Victoria, V. I. , andMr. Solomon H. Smith, of Clatsop, Oregon. 

~Bibliography of the Chinook Jargon. ~

_Journal of Travels over the Rocky Mountains. _ By Rev. Samuel Parker. 12mo. Ithaca, N. Y. , 1838. 

"Vocabulary of the Chenook language, as spoken about Fort Vancouver, " pp. 336-338. 

_Ethnography and Philology of the United States Exploring Expedition. _ ByHoratio Hale. 4to. Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard, 1846. 

A vocabulary of the "Jargon or Trade Language of Oregon, " with an essaythereon, and phrases, is given in this work, pp. 636-650. 

_Transactions of the American Ethnological Society. _ 2 vols. , 8vo. NewYork: Bartlett & Welford, 1845, 1848. 

In vol. Ii. , pp. 62-70, under title of "Hale's Indians of NorthwestAmerica, " is a partial reprint of the above. 

Rev. Z. B. Z. Bolduc, "_Mission de la Colombie. _" 8vo. Quebec, 1843. 

The Lord's Prayer in Jargon, "et quelques mots Tchinoucs et Sneomus. " TheSnohomish is a tribe of Puget Sound. The Chinook words are merely Jargon. 

_Journal of Travels over the Rocky Mountains, &c. _ By Joel Palmer. 12mo. Cincinnati, 1847, 1852. 

"Words used in the Chinook Jargon, " pp. 147-152. 

_Adventures of the First Settlers on the Oregon or Columbia River, &c. _ ByAlexander Ross. 12mo. London, 1849. 

Ross gives a "Chinook Vocabulary, " pp. 342-348, and words of the "mixeddialect, " p. 349. His Chinook is, however, also impure. 

_Ten Years in Oregon. _ By D. Lee and F. H. Frost. 12mo. New York, 1844. 

"A short vocabulary of the Clatsop dialect. " This is likewise Jargon. 

_History, &c. , of the Indian Tribes of the United States. _ Collected byHenry R. Schoolcraft. 4to. Parts 1-5. Philadelphia, 1851, 1855. 

Lieut. G. F. Emmons gives a brief "Klatsop Vocabulary" in Part III. , pp. 223, 224, which is of the same character. 

Note 1 to article, "Philosophy of Utterance, " Part V. , pp. 548-551, a"Vocabulary of the Chinook Jargon. "

_Vocabulary of the Jargon or Trade Language of Oregon. _ English, French, and Jargon. 8vo. Washington, 1853. Pp. 22. 

Printed by the Smithsonian Institution, for private distribution. Withouttitle-page. This is the one by M. Lionnet, before referred to. 

_The Northwest Coast; or, Three Years' Residence in Washington Territory. _By James G. Swan. 12mo. New York: Harpers, 1857. 

"A vocabulary of the Chehalis and Chenook or Jargon Languages, with thederivation of the words used in the latter, " pp. 412-422. 

_A Complete Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon. _ English-Chinook, andChinook-English. To which is added numerous conversations, &c. 3d edition. 24mo, pp. 24. Portland, Oregon: published by S. J. McCormick. 

Several editions of this work have been published; the last which I haveseen, in 1862. 

_Guide-Book to the Gold Regions of Frazer River. _ With a map of thedifferent routes, &c. 24mo, pp. 55. New York, 1858. 

A vocabulary of the Jargon, pp. 45-55. 

_The Chinook Jargon and English and French Equivalent Forms. _ In "SteamerBulletin, " San Francisco, June 21, 1858. 

Contains an unarranged vocabulary of 354 words and phrases. 

_The Canoe and the Saddle. _ By Theodore Winthrop. 12mo. Boston: Ticknor &Fields. 1863. 

"A partial vocabulary of the Chinook Jargon, " pp. 299-302. 

_History of the Oregon Territory, &c. _ By John Dunn. 2d edition. London, 1846. 

"A few specimens of the language of the Millbank and Chinook tribes. "_Chinook tribe:_ 50 words and phrases, including digits. These words, asusual, are in great part "Jargon, " and belong to the Nootkan, _not_ to theChinook. 

Besides the above, one, of which I have not the title before me, has beenpublished by Mr. A. C. Anderson, and several in the newspapers of Oregonand Washington Territory. 

~PART I. ~

CHINOOK-ENGLISH. 

NOTE. --The references, "Hale, " "Cook, " "Jewitt, " are respectively toHale's "Ethnology of the United States Exploring Expedition, " "Cook'sVoyages, " and "Jewitt's Narrative. " The others, as "Anderson, " "Pandosy, ""Shaw, " "Tolmie, " are from manuscript notes of those gentlemen inpossession of the writer. 

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHINOOK JARGON. 

PART I. CHINOOK-ENGLISH. 

~A. ~

~Ah-ha~, _adv. _ Common to various tribes. _Yes. _ Expression of simpleassent. On Puget Sound, E-ÉH. 

~Ah'n-kut-te~, or ~Ahn-kot-tie~, _adv. _ Chinook, ANKUTTI. _Formerly;before now. _ With the accent prolonged on the first syllable, _a long timeago. _ Ex. Ahnkutte lakit sun, _four days ago;_ Tenas ahnkutte, _a littlewhile since. _

~Al-áh~, _interj. _ Expression of surprise. Ex. Alah mika chahko! _ah, you've come!_

~Al-kie~, _adv. _ Chinook, ALKEKH. _Presently; in a little while; hold on;not so fast. _

~Al'-ta~, _adv. _ Chinook, ALTAKH. _Now; at the present time. _

~A-mo'-te~, _n. _ Chinook, AMUTE; Clatsop, KLABOTÉ. _The strawberry. _

~An-áh~, _interj. _ An exclamation denoting pain, displeasure, ordepreciation. Ex. Anah nawitka mika halo shem, _ah, indeed you are withoutshame. _ On Puget Sound, Ad-de-dáh. 

~Ats~, _n. _ Chinook, idem; Yakama, ATSE (Pandosy). _A sister younger thanthe speaker. _ In the original, only when used by her brother. 

~A-yáh-whul~, _v. _ Chihalis, ATAHWUL. _To lend; borrow. _

~Ay-kéh-nam. ~See EH-KAH-NAM. 

~B. ~

~Bé-be~, _n. , v. _ French. A word used towards children; probably arepetition of the first syllable of BAISER. _A kiss; to kiss. _

~Bed~, _n. _ English, idem. _A bed. _

~Bit~, or ~Mit~, _n. _ English, BIT. _A dime or shilling. _

~Bloom~, _n. _ English, BROOM. _A broom. _ Mamook bloom, _to sweep. _

~Boat~, _n. _ English, idem. _A boat, _ as distinguished from a canoe. 

~Bos'-ton~, _n. , adj. _ _An American; American. _ A name derived from thehailing-place of the first trading-ships to the Pacific. Boston illahie, _the United States. _

~Bur-dash~, _n. _ Can. French, BERDACHE (Anderson). _An hermaphrodite. _ Thereputation of hermaphroditism is not uncommon with Indians, and seems toattach to every malformation of the organs of generation. The word is ofvery limited use. 

~C. ~

~Cal'-li-peen~, _n. _ French, CARABINE. _A rifle. _

~Ca-nim~, _n. _ Chinook, EKANIM. _A canoe. _ Canim stick, _the cedar, orwood from which canoes are usually made. _

~Ca-po'~, _n. _ French, CAPOT. _A coat. _

~Chah'-ko~, _v. _ Nootka, Clayoquot, CHAKO; Tokwaht, TCHOKWA. _To come; tobecome. _ Ex. Kansik mika chahko? _when did you come?_ Chahko kloshe, _toget well. _

~Chák chak~, _n. _ Chinook, idem. _The bald eagle_ (by onoma. ), from itsscream. Of only local use on the lower Columbia. 

~Chee~, _adv. , adj. _ Chinook, T'SHI. _Lately; just now; new. _ Chee nikako, _I have just arrived. _ Hyas chee, _entirely new. _

~Chet'-lo~, or ~Jet'-lo~, _n. _ Chihalia, CHETLOKH. _An oyster. _ Used onthe lower Columbia. 

~Chet-woot~, _n. _ Nisqually, idem. _A black bear. _ Used only on PugetSound. 

~Chik'-a-min~, _n. , adj. _ Tokwaht, TSIKAMEN; Nootka, SICKAMINNY (Jewitt);SEEKEMAILE (Cook). _Iron; metal; metallic. _ T'kope chikamin, _silver;_ pilchikamin, _gold_ or _copper. _ Chikamin lope, _wire; a chain. _

~Chik-chik~. See TSIK-TSIK. 

~Chil-chil~. See TSIL-TSIL. 

~Chitsh~, _n. _ Chihalis, TSHITSH. _A grandmother. _

~Chope~, _n. _ Chihalis, TSHUP. _A grandfather. _

~Cho'-tub~, _n. _ Nisqually, idem. _A flea. _ Used on Puget Sound. 

~Chuck~, _n. _ Nootka, CHAUK (Cook); CHAHAK, _fresh water_ (Jewitt);Chinook, TLTSUK (Shortess); Clatsop, TL'CHUKW. _Water; a river or stream. _Salt chuck, _the sea;_ skookum chuck, _a rapid;_ solleks chuck, _a roughsea;_ chuck chahko _or_ kalipi, _the tide rises or falls;_ saghilli _and_keekwillie chuck, _high_ and _low tide. _

~Chuk-kin~, _n. , v. _ Chihalis, TSUKAEN. _To kick. _ Of local use only. 

~Close. ~ See KLOSE. 

~Cly~, _v. _ English. _To cry. _

~Cole~, _adj. _ English, COLD. Cole illahie, _winter;_ icht cole, _a year;_cole sick waum sick, _the fever and ague. _

~Comb~, _n. _ English. _A comb. _ Mamook comb, _to comb;_ mamook combillahie, _to harrow. _

~Coo'-ley~, _v. _ French, COUREZ, imp. Of COURIR. _To run. _ Cooley kiuatan, _a race-horse;_ yahka hyas kumtuks cooley, _he can, _ i. E. , _knows how torun well. _

~Coop'-coop~, _n. _ Chinook, idem. _The smaller sized dentalium or shellmoney. _ See HYKWA. 

~Co'-sho~, _n. _ French, COCHON. _A hog; pork. _ Siwash cosho, _a seal;_literally, _Indian pig. _

~Cul'-tus~, _adj. _ Chinook, KALTAS. _Worthless; good for nothing; withoutpurpose. _ Ex. Cultus man, _a worthless fellow;_ cultus potlatch, _apresent or free gift;_ cultus heehee, _a jest; merely laughing;_ cultusnannitsh, _to look around;_ cultus mitlite, _to sit idle; to do nothing;_cultus klatawa, _to stroll. _ _Ques. _ What do you want? _Ans. _ Cultus, i. E. , _nothing. _

~D. ~

~De-láte~, or ~De-létt~, _adj. , adv. _ French, DROITE. _Straight; direct;without equivocation. _ Ex. Klatawa delett, _go straight;_ delett wauwau, _tell the truth. _

~Di-áub~, or ~Yaub~, _n. _ French, DIABLE. _The devil. _ Sometimes usedcombined with the article, as LEJAUB. 

~D'ly~, or ~De-ly~, _adj. _ English, DRY. Chahko dely, _to become dry;_mamook dely, _to dry, v. A. _

~Doc'-tin~, _n. _ English. _A doctor. _

~Dol'-la~, or ~Táh-la~, _n. _ English. _A dollar; money. _ Chikamin dolla, _silver;_ pil dolla, _gold;_ dolla siághost, _spectacles. _

~E. ~

~Eh-káh-nam~, _n. _ Chinook, EKANAM. _A tale or story. _ Used only on theColumbia river. Often erroneously pronounced Ay-keh-nam. 

~Eh-ko-li~, _n. _ Chinook, ÉKOLI. _A whale. _

~Ee'-na~, _n. _ Chinook, IINA. _A beaver. _ Eena stick (literally, _beaverwood_), _the willow. _

~Ee'-na-poo~, or ~In-a-poo~, _n. _ Chinook, INAPU. _A louse. _ Sopen inapoo, _a flea. _

~Ek'-keh~, _n. _ Chinook, EKKE. _A brother-in-law. _

~E'-la-han~, or ~E-lánn~, _n. _ Chihalis, YELAÁN. _Aid; assistance; alms. _Mamook elann, _to help. _

~E'-lip~, or ~El'-ip~, _adv. _ Chihalis, ILIP. _First; before. _ Thesuperlative. Klatawa elip, _go before;_ elip lolo chuck, _in the firstplace carry water;_ elip kloshe, _best;_ elip tilikum, _n. _ (literally, _the first people), a race of beings who inhabited the world before theIndians. _

~E-li'-te~, _n. _ Chinook, ILAITEKH. _A slave. _

~E-sált'h~, or ~Ye-sált'h~, _n. _ Probably Wasco. _Indian corn or maize. _

~G. ~

~Get-up~, or ~Ket-op~, _v. _ English. _To get up; rise. _

~Glease~, _n. _ English, GREASE, _fat, grease, or oil. _ Hyeu glease, _veryfat;_ too-toosh glease, _butter. _ See, also, LAKLES. 

~H. ~

~Háh-lakl~, _adj. _ Chinook, HÁLAKL. _Wide; open. _ Ex. Mamook hahlakl lapote, _open the door;_ chahko hallakl (as of the woods), _to open out;become less dense. _

~Háht-haht~, _n. _ Nisqually, HATHAT. _The mallard duck. _

~Hák-at-shum~, _n. _ English. _A handkerchief. _

~Ha'-lo~, _adj. _ Quære u. D. Not Chinook. _None; absent. Q. _ Halo salmonmika? _have you no fish? A. _ Halo, _none. Q. _ Kah mika papa? _where isyour father? A. _ Halo, _he is out. _ Halo wind, _breathless; dead;_ haloglease, _lean;_ halo ikta, _poor; destitute. _

~Haul~, _v. _ English, idem. _To haul or pull. _ Used with the active verbmamook; as, mamook haul. 

~Hee'-hee~, _n. _ By onoma. , HIHI (Hale). _Laughter, amusement. _ Cultusheehee, _fun;_ mamook heehee, _to amuse;_ heehee house, _any place ofamusement, _ as a tavern, bowling-alley, &c. 

~Hóh-hoh~, _n. , v. _ Chinook (by onoma. ), HOKHHOKH. _To cough. _

~Hó-ku-melh~, _v. _ Chihalis, idem. _To gather; to glean, _ as grain. Oflocal use. 

~Hóol-hool~, _n. _ Chinook, KHOLKHOL; Klikatat. KHOILKHOIL. _A mouse. _ Eyashoolhool, _a rat. _

~House~, _n. _ English. _A house. _ Mahkook house, _a store;_ Boston house, _an American-built house, _ as distinguished from a lodge. 

~Howh~, _interj. _ HAUKH. _Turn to; hurry. _

~How'-kwutl~, _adv. _ Chinook, HAUKATLH. An expression of inability. Ex. Howkwutl nika klatawa? _how could I go?_

~Hul-lel'~, _v. , n. _ Chinook, idem. _To shake. _ Used with the verb mamook, as, mamook hullel, it becomes active. 

~Hul-ó-i-ma~, _n. , adj. _ Chinook, S'HULLOYIBA. _Other; another;different. _ Ex. Huloima tilikum, _a different tribe or people;_ hyashuloima, _very different. _

~Humm~, _n. , v. _ Jargon. _A stink or smell; to stink. _ An invented word. Humm opootsh, _a skunk. _

~Hunl'-kih~, _adj. _ Chinook, HUNLKEKH. _Curled or curly; knotted;crooked. _

~Huy-huy~, _n. , v. _ Canadian French, HUI-HUI. _A bargain or exchange; tobarter or trade. _ Ex. Huyhuy la sille, _change the saddle;_ huyhuy tumtum, _to change one's mind. _ Mr. Andersen says this is a cant word of theCanadians, signifying a hasty exchange. Its origin has been suggested in_oui oui, _ yes yes. 

~Hwah~, or ~Hwah-wa~, _interj. _ Denotes surprise or admiration; alsoearnestness. 

~Hy'-ak~, _adv. _, also used as imperative. Chinook, AI-AK. _Swift; fast;quickly; hurry; make haste. _

~Hy-as'~, _adj. , adv. _ Probably corrupted from the following. _Large;great; very. _ The general term for size. Hyas tyee, _a great chief;_ hyasmahcook, _a great price; dear;_ hyas ahnkutte, _a long time ago;_ hyaskloshe, _very good. _

~Hy-iú~, _n. , adj. _ Nootka, IYAHISH (Jewitt); Tokwaht, AIYA. Jewitt alsogives HYO as the name for _ten. _ _Much; many; plenty; enough. _ Term ofquantity or multitude. Hyiu tilikum, _a crowd; many people;_ hyiumuckamuck, _plenty to eat;_ tenas hyiu, _some; a, few;_ wake hyiu, _notmany_ or _not much. _

~Hy'-kwa~, or ~Hy'-a-kwa~, _n. _ Nootka, HAIHWA (i-whaw, Jewitt). _Thedentalium; the shell money or wampum of the Pacific coast. _ It is used instrings of a fathom long; shells of not more than forty to the fathombeing of full size, and the value increasing in proportion to theirlength. The smaller sizes are called _coop-coop_ (q. V. ). These shells wereformerly obtained by the Indians of the west coast of Vancouver Island, and passed in barter as low down as California, and eastward to theBlackfoot country. 

~I. ~

~Ik'-kik~, _n. _ Chinook, IKKIK. _A fish-hook. _

~Ik-poo'-ie~, _v. _ Chinook, IKHPUI. _To shut. _ Ikpooie la pote, _shut thedoor;_ mamook ikpooie, _to surround;_ ikpooie kwillan, _deaf. _

~Ikt~, or ~Icht~, _adj. _ Chinook, IKHT. _One; once. _ Used also as theindefinite article. Ikt man, _a man;_ ikt-ikt man, _some one or other;here and there one;_ ikt nika klatawa kopa yakka house, _I have been onceto his house. _

~Ik'-tah~, _pron. _ Chinook, IKTA. _What. _ Iktah okook, _what is that?_iktah mika tikegh, _what do you want?_ iktah, _well, what now?_

~Ik'-tah, _n. _ From the foregoing. _A thing; goods; merchandise;clothing. _ Hyiu tenas iktah, _a great many trifles. _ The use of the sameword for _what_ and for _things, _ has been noticed in some other languagesof this coast. 

~Il'-la-hie~, _n. _ Chinook, ILAHEKH. _The ground; the earth; dirt. _ Tipsoillahie, _prairie;_ saghallie illahie, _mountains, or high land; heaven;_hyiu illahie kopa, _dirty_ (literally, _much dirt upon_). 

~In'-a-ti~, or ~Een-a-ti~, _prep. , adv. _ Chinook, INATAI. _Across;opposite to; on the other side of. _ Inati chuck, _on the other side of theriver;_ klatawa inati, _to cross over. _

~Ip'-soot~, _v. A. , v. N. _ Chinook, ALHUPSO. _To hide one's self, or anything; to keep secret. _ Ipsoot klatawa, _to steal off;_ ipsoot wau-wau, _to whisper. _

~Is'-ick~, _n. _ Chinook, ISIK. _A paddle. _ Mamook isick, _to paddle. _

~Is'-ick stick~, _n. _ Chinook and English. _The ash. _ Literally, _paddle-wood. _

~Is'-kum~, _v. _ Chinook, idem. _To take; take hold of; hold; get. _ Iskumokook lope, _hold on to that rope;_ mika na iskum? _did you get it?_

~It'-lan~, or ~It'h-lan~, _n. _ Chinook, ITHLANA. _A fathom; the length ofthe extended arms. _

~It'-lo-kum~, _n. _ Chinook, idem; Chihalis, SETLOKUM. _The game of"hand, "_--a common amusement. Mamook itlokum, _to gamble. _

~Itl'-wil-lie~, _n. _ Chinook, ETLWILI. _The flesh; meat of any animal. _Konaway nika itlwillie sick, _all my flesh is sore. _

~Its'-woot~, or ~Its'-hoot~, _n. _ Chinook, EITSHHUT. _A black bear. _Itshoot paseesie, _thick dark cloth or blankets. _

~K. ~

~Kah~, _adv. _ Chinook, KAKH. _Where; whither; whence. _ Kah mika mitlite?_where do you live?_ konaway kah, _everywhere;_ kah-kah, _here and there. _

~Kah'-kah~, _n. _ Chinook and Nisqually (by onoma. ), SKAKA. _A crow. _

~Káh-kwa~, _adv. _ Nootka; Tokwaht, ACHKO. _Like; similar to; equal with;as. _ Kahkwa nika tumtum, _so I think_ (literally, _such [is] my heart_);kahkwa hyas nika, _as large as I;_ kahkwa spose, _as if;_ kloshe kahkwa, _that is right; good so. _

~Kah'-na-way~, _n. _ Chinook, T'KANAWÉ. _Acorns. _ Kahnaway stick, _theoak. _ Used only on the Columbia river. 

~Káhp-ho~, _n. _Chinook, idem. _An elder brother, sister, or cousin. _

~Káh-ta~, _adv. _ Chinook, KÁTA. _How; why. _ Kahta mika mamook okook? _whydo you do that?_ kahta mika chahko? _how did you come?_ kahta mika? _whatis the matter with you?_ pe kahta? _and why so?_

~Kal-ak-a-láh-ma~, _n. _ Chinook, OKALAKALAMA. _A goose. _ Used on the lowerColumbia river. 

~Kal-a-kwáh-tie~, _n. _ Chinook, KALAKWATI; Clatsop, KL'WHELATL. _The innerbark of the cedar_ (thuja); _the petticoat, or skirt, formerly worn bywomen, and often made of strands of bark. _ Kalakwahtie stick, _thecedar-tree. _

~Ka-li'-tan~, _n. _ Chinook, TKLAITAN. _An arrow; shot; a bullet. _ Kalitanle sac, _a quiver; a shot-pouch. _

~Kal-lak'-a-la~, or ~Kul-luk'-ul-la~, _n. _ Chinook, KALÁKALA. _A bird. _

~Kám-ass~, or ~Lá-kam-ass~, _n. _ Nootka. _The Scilla esculenta, _--abulbous root used for food by the Indians. Jewitt gives CHAMASS as theNootka for _fruit, _ also for _sweet, or pleasant to the taste. _

~Kám-ooks~, _n. _ Chinook, KLKÁBOKES. _A dog. _ Kahkwa kamooks, _like a dog;beastly. _

~Ka-mo'-suk~, _n. _ Chinook, idem. _Beads. _ Tyee kamosuk (chief beads), _the large blue glass beads. _

~Kap-su-ál-la~. Quære u. D. _To steal. _ Kapsualla klatawa, _to stealaway;_ kapsualla mamook, _to do secretly. _

~Kát-suk~, or ~Kót-suk~, _n. _ Chinook, idem. _The middle or centre of anything. _

~Kau'-py~, _n. _ English. _Coffee. _

~Ka-wák~, _v. _ Chihalis, KAUAK. _To fly. _ Not in general use. 

~Káw-ka-wak~, _adj. _ Chinook, KÂKAWAK. _Yellow, or pale green. _

~Keé-kwil-lie~, _prep. _ Chinook, KIK'HWILI. _Low; below; under; beneath;down. _ Mamook keekwillie, _to lower;_ mitlite keekwillie, _to set down;put under. _ Not used in the sense of "down stream. "

~Keep'-wot~, _n. _ Chinook, OKWÉPOWA; Yakama, KAPUS, _a pin_ (Pandosy). _Aneedle; the sting of an insect; a thorn. _ Shoes keepwot, _an awl. _

~Keh'-loke~, _n. _ Chinook, idem. _A swan. _ Of local use only. 

~Keh'-see~, or ~Ki'-su~, _n. _ Chinook, EKÉSO. _An apron. _

~Kéh-wa~, _adv. _ Quære u. D. _Because. _ Not in common use. 

~Kel'-a-pi~, or ~Ká-la-pi~, _v. _ Chinook, KELAPAI. _To turn; return;overturn; upset. _ Kelapi canim, _to upset a canoe;_ hyak kelapi, _comeback quickly;_ kelapi kopa house, _go back to the house;_ mamook kelapi, _to bring, send, or carry back;_ kelapi tumtum, _to change one's mind. _

~Kes'-chi~, or ~Kéh-tsie~. Chinook, KUKHTSI (Anderson). _Notwithstanding;although. _ Keschi yakka mamook kahkwa, _although he did so. _ Not in commonuse. 

~Ket'-ling~, or ~Kit'-ling~, _n. _ English. _A kettle; can; basin, &c. _

~Kil-it'-sut~, _n. _ Chinook, OKWILIKTSHUT. _Flint; a bottle; glass. _

~Kim'-ta~, or ~Kim-tah'~, _prep. _ Chinook, KIMTA. _Behind; after;afterwards; last; since. _ Klatawa kimtah, _go behind;_ nika elip, pe yakkakimtah, _I first, and he afterwards;_ okook kimtah, _the one behind;_kimtah nika nannitsh mika, _since I saw you. _

~King Chautsh~, _adj. _ English, KING GEORGE. _English. _ King chautshman, _an Englishman. _

~Ki'-nootl~, or ~Ki'-noos~, _n. _ Chinook, EKAINUTL. _Tobacco. _

~Kish-kish~, _v. _ Chinook, idem. _To drive, _ as cattle or horses. 

~Kiu'-a-tan~, _n. _ Chinook, IKIUATAN. Cooley kiuatan, _a race-horse;_stone kiuatan, _a stallion. _

~Ki'-wa~, _adj. _ Wasco, KAIWA (Shaw). _Crooked. _ Of only local use. 

~Ki'-yah~, _n. _ Chihalis, KAIYAKH. _Entrails. _

~Klah~, _adj. _ Chinook, KLAKH. _Free or clear from; in sight. _ Ex. Cheeyakka klah, _now he is in sight;_ klatawa klah, _to escape, as aprisoner;_ chahko klah (of seed), _to come up;_ (of the woods), _to openout;_ (of the weather), _to clear up;_ mamook klah, _to uncover. _ Mr. Anderson gives as the original meaning, _to open out or appear. _

~Klah-hanie'~, or ~Klagh-anie'~, _adv. _ Chinook, KLAKHANI. _Out of doors;out; without. _ Ex. Mamook klaghanie okook, _put that out;_ klatawaklaghanie, _to go out. _

~Kla'-how-ya. ~ The ordinary salutation at meeting or parting. _How do youdo? good-bye;_ as, klahowya sikhs, _good-bye, friend. _

~Kla-hów-yum~, _adj. , n. _ Chinook, KLAHÁUIA. _Poor; miserable; wretched;compassion. _ Ex. Hyas klahowyum nika, _I am very poor;_ mamook klahowyum, _to take pity on; give alms; be generous. _

The salutation above given probably originated in some whining reply tothe first whites, and a distinction has since arisen between the two modesof spelling, which is, however, purely arbitrary. 

~Kláh-wa~, _adv. _ Chinook, KLAWAKH. _Slow; slowly. _ Ex. Klatawa klahwa, _go slowly. _

~Klak~, _adv. _ Chinook, KLAKW. _[To take] off. _ Ex. Mamook klak stonekiuatan, _to castrate a horse;_ mamook klak l'assiette, _take off theplates;_ klak kopa wayhut, _get out of the road. _

~Klák-sta~, or ~Kluk'-sta~, _pron. _ Chinook, T'KLUKSTA. Ex. Klaksta mamookokook? _who made or did that?_ halo klaksta, _no one. _

~Klák-wun~, or ~Kléh-kwan~, _v. _ Chihalis, KLAKWUN. _To wipe, or lick. _Klakwun l'assiette, _to wipe a plate. _

~Klale~, or ~T'klale~, _adj. _ Chinook, TLEHL. _Black, or dark blue, orgreen. _

~Klap~, _v. _ Chinook, KLAP. _To find. _ Ex. Mika na klap mika kiuatan? _didyou find your horse?_ klap tenas, _to be with child. _

~Kla'-pite~, _n. _ Chinook, KLIPAIT. _Thread; twine. _

~Klás-ka~, or ~Klus'-ka~, _pron. _ Chinook, KLUSKA. _They; thine; them. _

~Klat'-a-wa~, _v. _ Nootka, KLATTUNWAH (Jewitt); Nittinat, KLATÖUKH. _Togo. _ Klatawa teáhwit, _to walk; go on foot;_ klatawa kopa kiuatan, _toride;_ klatawa kopa boat, _to sail;_ mamook klatawa, _to send. _

~Kla-wháp~, _n. _ Chinook, KLHUAP. _A hole. _ Mamook klawhap, _to dig ahole. _

~Klem'-a-hun~, _v. _ Chihalis, idem. _To stab; to wound; to dart; to castas a spear; to hook or gore as an ox. _ Nika klemahun samun, _I spearsalmon. _

~Klihl~, or ~Klilt~, _adj. _ Chinook, KLIHL. _Bitter. _ Not of universaluse. Mr. Hale makes it KLITL, _sour. _

~Klik'-a-muks~, _n. _ Chinook, KLIKABUKS. _Blackberries, _ or more properly_dewberries. _

~Klik'-wal-lie~, or ~Kloke'-wal-lie~. Chinook, KLIKWALI. _Brass wire; anarmlet or bracelet of brass wire. _ Mr. Anderson gives the original meaningas simply _brass. _

~Klim-in'-a-whit~, _n. , v. _ Chinook, KLIMINAWHUT. _A lie; to lie. _ Hyaskumtuks kliminawhit, _he is a great liar_ (literally, _he knows well howto lie_). 

~Klim'-min~, or ~Klimmin-klimmin~, _adj. _ Chinook, TKLEMIN-TKLEMIN. _Soft;fine in substance. _ The reduplication denotes the diminutive, but injargon it is generally used singly. Ex. Klimmin sapoleel, _flour;_ klimminillahie, _mud; marshy ground;_ mamook klimmin, _to soften as by dressing askin. _

~Klip~, _adj. _ Chinook, KELIPE; Chihalis, KLUPUTL; Nisqually, KLEP. _Deep;sunken. _ Klip chuck, _deep water;_ klip sun, _sunset. _

~Klis'-kwiss~, _n. _ Chinook, idem. _A mat. _

~Klógh-klogh~, _n. _ Chinook, OKLÓKHKLO. _Oysters. _ The word is common tothe Puget Sound tribes, as well as to the Chinooks. 

~Klo-náss~, _adv. _ Chinook, idem. Expression of uncertainty or doubt. _Perhaps; I don't know; may be so; who knows?_ Equivalent to the Spanish_quien sabe. _ Ex. Klonass nika klatawa, _perhaps I shall go. Q. _ Kah mikakahpho? _where is your brother? A. _ Klonass, _I don't know. _

~Klone~, _adj. _ Chinook, TKLON. _Three. _

~Klook~, _adj. _ English. _Crooked. _ Klook teáhwit, _broken legged; lame. _

~Klootch-man~, _n. _ Nootka and Tokwaht, KLUTSMA. _A woman;_ a female ofany animal. Tenas klootshman, _a girl;_ klootchman kiuatan, _a mare. _

~Klose~, or ~Kloshe~, _adj. , adv. _ Nootka; Tokwaht, KLOHTL; Makah, KLOTELO; Nisqually, KLOB. _Good; well; well enough. _ Kloshe nannitsh, _look out; take care;_ hyas kloshe, _very well. _

~Klose-spose~. Nootka, KLOHTL; English, SUPPOSE. _Shall or may I; let me. _Ex. Klose-spose nika mamook pia okook? _shall I cook that?_ (literally, _[is it] good that I make cook that?_). 

~Klugh~, or ~Klugh-klugh~. Chinook, KLUKH. _To tear. _ Mamook klughillahie, _to plough_ (literally, _to tear the ground_). 

~Kluk-ulh'~, or ~Klak-alh'~, _adj. _ Chihalis, TLUKUTLH. _Broad or wide, _as of a plank. 

~Ko~, _v. _ Chinook, idem. _To reach; arrive at. _ Chee klaska ko, _theyhave just come;_ kansih nesika ko kopa Nisqually? _when shall we reachNisqually. _

~Ko'-ko~, _v. _ Chinook (by onoma). _To knock. _ Koko stick, _awood-pecker. _

~Kok'-shut~, _v. _ Nootka, KAKHSHETL; Klaokwat, KWÁCHITL. In the original, _dead. _ _To break; broken; to beat. _ Hyas kokshut, _broken to pieces. _

~Kon'-a-way~, _adj. _ Chinook, KÁNAWÉ. _All; every. _ Klaska konawayklatawa, _they have all gone;_ konaway tilikum, _everybody;_ konaway kah, _everywhere. _

~Koo'-sah~, or ~Kó-sah~, _n. _ Chinook, EKÓSAKH. _The sky. _ Only used onthe Columbia. 

~Ko'-pa~, _adv. , prep. _ Chinook, idem. _To; in; at; with; towards; of;about; concerning; there or in that place. _ Ex. Kopa nika house, _at myhouse;_ lolo okook kopa mika, _take that home with you_ (equivalent to theFrench _chez vous_); cultus kopa nika, _it is nothing to me. Q. _ Kah okooklope? _where is that rope? A. _ (motioning with the chin towards the place)Kopáh. 

~Ko-pet'~, _v. , adv. _ Chinook, idem. _To stop; leave off; enough. _ Kopetwau-wau, _stop talking;_ kopet ikt, _only one;_ kopet okook, _that's all;_wake siah kopet, _nearly finished;_ kopet tomalla, _day after to-morrow. _

~Kow~, _v. _ Chinook, KAU-KAU. _To tie; to fasten. _ Kow mika kiuatan, _tieyour horse;_ ikt kow, _a bundle. _

~Kull~, _adj. _ Chinook, K'HUL-K'HUL. _Hard in substance; difficult. _Chahko kull, _to become hard;_ mamook kull, _to harden; to cause to becomehard;_ hyas kull spose mamook, _it is very hard to do so;_ kull stick, _oak or any hard wood. _

~Kul-lagh'~, or ~Kul-lagh'-an~, _n. _ Chihalis, KULLAKH; Lummi, KULLUKHAN. _A fence; a corral, or inclosure. _ Kullagh stick, _fence rails. _ In theoriginal, it meant the stockade with which Indian houses are oftensurrounded. 

~Kum'-tuks~, or ~Káme-taks~, _v. _ Nootka, KOMMETAK (Jewitt); Tokwaht, KUMITUKS; Clayoquot, KEMITAK. _To know; understand; be acquainted with;imagine; believe. _ Mamook kumtuks, _to explain; teach;_ hyas kumtukssolleks (literally, _well to understand anger), to be passionate;_ kopetkumtuks, _to forget;_ halo kumtuks, _stupid; without understanding;_ (of ahorse) hyas yakka kumtuks cooley, _he can run fast_ (literally, _he knowswell to run_); kumtuks kliminawhit, _to be a liar; to understand lying;_nika kumtuks okook tyee, _I know that chief;_ nika kumtuks Klikatatwau-wau, _I understand the Klikatat language. _

~Kun'-a-moxt~, _adj. _ Chinook, KONAWAY MOXT. _Both; together_ (literally, _all two_). Kunamoxt kahkwa, _both alike. _

~Kun'-sih, Kan'-sih, Kun'-juk, Kun'-jie~, _adv. _ Chinook, KUNSÉUKH. _Howmany; when; ever. _ Kunsih tilikum mitlite? _how many people are there?_kunsih mika klatawa? _when do you go?_ wake kunsih, _never;_ mamookkunsih, _to count. _

~Kush'-is~, _n. _ Chihalis, KOSHIS. _Stockings. _ In the original, anyelastic article of dress. Not in general use. 

~Kwah'-ne-sum~, _adv. _ Chinook, KWÁNISUM; Yakama, KWÁLISIM. _Always;forever. _

~Kwáh'-nioe~, _n. _ Klikatat, KWADDIS. _A whale. _

~Kwáhta~, _n. _ English. _The quarter of a dollar. _ The quarter of anynumber is usually expressed in Jargon by _tenas sitku, _ i. E. , _a smallhalf. _

~Kwah'-tin~. See YAKWAHTIN. 

~Kwaist~, or ~Kweest~, _adj. _ Chinook, KWAITST. _Nine. _

~Kwa-lal'-kwa-lal'~, _v. _ Chinook, KWULLIL-KWULLIL. _To gallop. _

~Kwal'h~, _n. _ Chihalis, KWATLH. _An aunt. _

~Kwann~, _adj. _ Chinook, KWAN-KWAN. _Glad. _ According to Mr. Anderson, itmeans a custom or habit. It is used by some in this sense as _tamed_ or_broken, _ as of a horse (McCormick). KWAL is Nisqually for _tame. _

~Kwass~, _adj. _ Chinook, idem. _Fear; afraid; tame. _ Mamook kwass, _tofrighten; to tame. _

~Kwates~, or ~Kwehts~, _adj. _ Chihalis, KWETS. _Sour. _

~Kwéh-kweh~, _n. _ Chinook, OKWÉKWE (by onoma). _A mallard duck. _ Usedchiefly at mouth of the Columbia. 

~Kwék-wi-ens~, _n. _ Chihalis, idem. _A pin. _ Of limited use. 

~Kwéo-kwéo~, _n. _ Chinook, T'KWEO-KWEO. _A ring; a circle. _

~Kwetlh~, _adj. _ Chihalis, idem. (Anderson). _Proud. _ Not in general use. 

~Kwin'-num~, _adj. _ Chinook, KWENEM. _Five. _

~Kwish~, or ~Kweesh~, _interj. _ Refusing any thing contemptuously. Equivalent to "_No you don't. _" Used on the lower Columbia. 

~Kwit'-shad-ie~, _n. _ Nisqually, KWUTSHDIE. _The hare or rabbit. _ Confinedto Puget Sound. 

~Kwo-lann'~, or ~Kwo-lah'-nie~, _n. _ Chihalis, KWOLÁN; Nisqually, KWILANI. _The ear. _ Halo kwolann, or, ikpooie kwolann, _deaf. _

~Kwulh~, or ~Kwult~, _v. _ Chinook, KWULT'H. _To hit; to wound with anarrow or gun; to strike with a slick or stone; or in any manner withoutcutting; to hit. _

~Kwun'-nun~, _n. _ Chihalis, idem. _A count; numbers. _ Ex. Mamook kwunnun, _to count. _ Of merely local use. 

~Kwutl~, _adj. _ Chinook, idem. Literally, _fast. _ _To push or squeeze, _ asin packing; hyas mamook kwutl, _haul tight. _

~L. ~

~La-bleed'~, _n. _ French, LA BRIDE. _A bridle. _

~La-boos'~, _n. _ French, LA BOUCHE. _The mouth; mouth of a river. _ Moxtlaboos, _the forks of a river. _

~La-boo-ti'~, _n. _ French, LA BOUTEILLE. _A bottle. _

~La-ca-lat'~, _n. _ French, LA CAROTTE. _A carrot. _

~La-ca-set'~, _n. _ French, LA CASETTE. _A box, trunk, or chest. _

~La-clo-a~, _n. _ French, LA CROIX. _A cross. _

~Lagh~, _v. _ Chinook, LAKH. _To lean; to tip, as a boat; to stoop; to bendover, as a tree. _ Wake mika lagh kopa okook house, _don't lean againstthat house. _

~La-gome~, _n. _ French, LA GOMME. _Pitch; glue. _ La gome stick, _light-wood; the pitch-pine. _

~La-gwin'~, or ~La-kween'~, _n. _ Quære u. D. _A saw. _

~La-hál. ~ See SLAHAL. 

~Lahb~, _n. _ French, L'HERBE. The arbutus _uva ursi, _ the leaves of whichare used in smoking, alone or mixed with tobacco. 

~La-hásh~, _n. _ French, LA HACHE. _An axe or hatchet. _

~La-kam-mas'. ~ See KAMASS. 

~Lak'-it~, or ~Lok'-it~, _adj. _ Chinook, LAKT. _Four; four times. _ Lakittaht-lelum, _forty. _

~La'-kles~, _n. _ French, LA GRAISSE. _Fat; oil. _ See, also, GLEASE. 

~La-láh~, _v. _ Chinook, LAKHWHOLA. _To cheat; fool; to practise jokes. _Mamook lalah, _to make fun. _

~La-lahm'~, or ~La-lum'~, _n. _ French, LA RAME. _An oar. _ Mamook lalahm, _to row. _

~La-láng~, _n. _ French, LA LANGUE. _The tongue; a language. _

~La-leem'~, _n. _ French, LA LIME. _A file. _

~La-messe'~, _n. _ French, idem. _The ceremony of the mass. _

~La-més-tin~, or ~La-mó-tchin~, _n. _ French, LA MÉDECINE. _Medecine, _ notincluding magic. 

~Lam'-mi-eh~, or ~Lam-mi-i~, _n. _ French, LA VIEILLE. _An old woman. _

~La-món-ti~, or ~La-mó-ti~, _n. _ French, LA MONTAGNE. _A mountain. _

~La-peep'~, _n. _ French, LA PIPE. _A tobacco-pipe. _ Lapeep kullakala(literally, the "pipe-bird"), _the band-tailed eagle, _ as its featherswere used to ornament the pipe stems. 

~La-péhsh~, _n. _ French, LA PERCHE. _A pole; the setting-pole of a boat orcanoe. _

~La-pel-láh~, _v. _ Quære if from the French, LE FOYER. Mamook lapellah, _to roast before the fire. _

~La-pelle'~, _n. _ French, LA PELLE. _A shovel or spade. _

~La-pe-osh'~, _n. _ French, LA PIOCHE. _A mattock; a hoe. _

~La-piége~, _n. _ French, LA PIÉGE. _A trap. _ Eena la piége, _abeaver-trap. _

~La-plash~, _n. _ French, LA PLANCHE. _A board. _

~La-po-el'~, _n. _ French, LA POÊLE. _A frying-pan. _ Mamook lapoel, _tofry. _

~La-póme~, _n. _ French, LA POMME. _An apple. _

~La-pool'~, _n. _ French, LA POULE. _A fowl; poultry. _ Siwash lapool, _thegrouse. _

~La-poo-shet'~, _n. _ French, LA FOURCHETTE. _A fork. _

~La-póte~, _n. _ French, LA PORTE. _A door. _

~La-sánjel~, _n. _ French, LA CINGLE. _A girth; a sash; a belt. _

~La-sée~, _n. _ French, LA SCIE. _A saw. _

~La-sell'~, _n. _ French, LA SELLE. _A saddle. _

~Lá-shal-loo~, or ~Lá-shal-lee~, _n. _ French, LA CHARRUE. _A plough. _

~La-shán-del~, _n. _ French, LA CHANDELLE. _A candle. _

~La-sháse~, _n. _ French, LA CHAISE. _A chair. _

~La-shen'~, _n_ French, LA CHAINE. _A chain. _

~Las-siet'~, _n. _ French, L'ASSIETTE. _A plate. _

~La-swáy~, _n. , adj. _ French, LA SOIE. _Silk; silken. _

~La-táhb~, _n. _ French, LA TABLE. _A table. _

~La-tet'~, _n. _ French, LA TÊTE. _The head. _ Pil latet, _red-headed. _

~La-tlah'~, _n. _ French, TRAIN; as, "ne faites pas de train. " (Anderson). _A noise. _ Mamook latlah, _to make a noise. _

~La-wen'~, _n. _ French, L'AVOINE. _Oats. _

~La-west'~, _n. _ French, LA VESTE. _A waistcoat. _

~Lazy~, _adj. _ English, idem. _Lazy. _

~Le-báh-do~ (often pronounced lab'-a-do), _n. _ French, LE BARDEAU. _Ashingle. _

~Le-bal'~, _n. _ French, idem. _A ball; bullet. _ Tenas lebal, _shot. _

~Le-bis'-kwie~, _n. _ French, LE BISCUIT. _Biscuit; crackers; hard bread. _

~Le-blau'~, _n. , adj. _ French, LE BLOND. _A sorrel horse; chestnutcolored. _

~Le-clem'~, _n. , adj. _ French, LE CRÊME. _Cream-colored; a cream-coloredor light dun horse. _

~Le-cock'~, _n. _ French, LE COQ. _A cock; a fowl. _

~Le-doo'~, _n. _ French, LE DOIGT. _A finger. _

~Le-gléy~, _n. , adj. _ French, LE GRIS, or English GRAY, with Frencharticle. _A gray horse; gray. _

~Le-jaub'~. See DIAUB. 

~Le-kléh~, _n. _ French, LE CLEF. _A key. _ Mamook le kleh, _lock the door. _

~Le-kloo'~, _n. _ French, LE CLOU. _A nail; nails. _

~Le-koo'~, _n. _ French, LE COU. _The neck. _

~Le-ky'e~, _n. , adj. _ Mr. Anderson derives this from a Canadian word_caille, _ meaning _a piebald horse. _ In its jargon use, it means, also, _aspot, spotted, _ or _speckled;_ as, lekye salmon, _the spotted or wintersalmon_ (_salmo canis, _ Suckley). 

~Le-lo'-ba~, _n. _ French, LE RUBAN. _A ribbon. _

~Le-loo'~, _n. _ French, LE LOUP. _A wolf_ (the large wolf). 

~Le-máh~, or ~Léh-ma~, _n. _ French, LA MAIN. _The hand; the arm. _ Kloshelemah, _the right_ (literally, _the good hand_); potlatch lemah, _shakehands. _

~Le-máh-to~, _n. _ French, LE MARTEAU. _A hammer. _

~Le-mel'~, _n. _ French, LE MULET. _A mule. _

~Le-mo'-lo~, _n. , adj. _ French Canadian, LE MORON; undoubtedly acorruption of MARRON, _a runaway negro. _ _Wild; untamed. _ It applies tomen as well as animals, as, for instance, to the tribes which have had nointercourse with the settlements. 

~Le-moo'-to~, or ~Lam'-mu-to~, _n. _ French, LES MOUTONS. _Sheep. _

~Le-pan'~, _n. _ French, LE PAIN. _Bread; raised or light bread. _

~Le-pee'~, _n. _ French, LE PIED. _The feet. _

~Le-pish'-e-mo~, _n. _ Quære u. D. _The saddle-blanket and housings of ahorse. _

~Le-plét~, _n. _ French, LE PRÊTRE. _A priest. _

~Le-pwau'~, _n. _ French, LES POIS. _Peas. _

~Le-sak'~, _n. _ French, LE SAC. _A bag; a pocket. _

~Le-sap'~, or ~Le-zep'~, _n. _ French, LES OEUFS. _An egg; eggs. _

~Le-sée-blo~, _n. _ French, LES ÉPERONS. _Spurs. _

~Le-sée-zo~, _n. _ French, LE CISEAU. _Scissors. _

~Le-sóok~, _n. _ French, LE SUCRE. _Sugar. _

~Le-táh~, _n. _ French, LE DENT. _The teeth. _

~Le-whet'~, _n. _ French, LE FOUET. _A whip. _ Mamook lewhet, _to whip. _

~Lice~, _n. _ English. _Rice. _

~Lik-pu'-hu~, or ~Lik'-po~, _n. _ (Hale. ) _An elder sister. _ Mr. Hale givesthis as a Chinook word. If so, it is probably a corruption of KUP'HO. Itis not used in Jargon. 

~Lip'-lip~, _v. _ By onoma. (Hale). _To boil_ Mamook liplip, _to make, orcause to boil. _

~Ló-lo~, _v. _ Chinook, idem. Originally, to carry a child on the back. InJargon, used in a more extended sense. _To carry; to load. _ Lolo kopatsiktsik, _to carry in a cart. _ Mamook lolo kopa canim, _to load into acanoe. _

~Lo-lo'~, _adj. _ Chinook, LOWULLO. _Round; whole; the entire of anything. _ Lolo sapeleel, _whole wheat;_ mamook lolo, _to roll up_ (Shaw). 

~Lope~, _n. _ English, ROPE. _A rope. _ Tenas lope, _a cord;_ skin lope, _araw hide, riata, or thong. _

~Luk'-ut-chee~, or ~Lá-kwit-chee~, _n. _ French, LA COQUILLE. (?) _Clams. _Used chiefly on Puget Sound. 

~Lum~, _n. _ English, RUM. _Spirits of any sort. _

~M. ~

~Máh-kook~, _v. , n. _ Nootka, MÁKUK; Nittinat and Tokwaht, idem; Makah, BÁKWATL. _To buy or sell; trade or exchange; a bargain. _ As their buyingand selling was merely barter, the same word always answered for bothoperations. Kah mika mahkook okook calipeen? _where did you buy thatrifle?_ hyas mahkook, _dear;_ tenas mahkook, _cheap. _

~Máh-kook-house. ~ _A trading-house or a store. _

~Máh-lie~, _v. _ Nisqually. _To forget. _ Of local use on Puget Sound. 

~Mahsh~, _v. A. _ French, MARCHER. _To leave; to turn out; to throw away;to part with; remove. _ Ex. Mahsh chuck kopa boat, _bail the boat out;_mahsh okook salmon, _throw away that fish;_ mahsh maika capo, _take offyour coat;_ mahsh! (to a dog) _get out!_ mahsh tenas, _to have a child; tobe delivered;_ yakka mahsh tum-tum kopa nika, _he has given me his orders, or told me his wishes;_ mahsh kow, _to untie;_ mahsh stone, _to castrate. _

~Máh-sie~, _v. _ French, MERCIE. _Thank you. _

~Máht-lin-nie~, _adv. _ Chinook, MÁTLINI. _Off shore. _ (In boating), _keepoff!_ (if on land), _towards the water. _

~Máht-wil-lie~, _adv. _Chinook, MÁTHWILI. _In shore; shoreward. _ (As acommand), _keep in;_ (on land), _towards the woods, or the interior. _

~Ma-láh, _n. _ Chinook, MALAGH. _Tinware; crockery; earthenware. _

~Mal-i-éh, _v. _ French, MARIER. _To marry. _

~Ma'-ma~, _n. _ English, MAMMA. _A mother. _

~Mam'-ook~, _v. A. _ Nootka, MAMUK. _To make; to do; to work. _ It is thegeneral active verb, and is used largely in combination with nouns andother verbs; as, mamook chahko, _make to come, fetch;_ mamook kelipai, _bring or send back;_ mamook isick, _to paddle;_ mamook illahee, _to dig. _

~Man~, _n. _ English, idem. _A man; the male of any animal. _ Ex. Manmoolock, a _buck elk;_ tenas man, _a young man or boy. _

~Mél-a-kwa~, or ~Mál-a-kwa~, _n. _ French, MARANGOUIN. (Anderson. ) _Amosquito. _

~Mel'-ass~, _n. _ French, MELASSE. _Molasses. _

~Mem'-a-loost~, _v. , n. , part. _ Chinook, MÉMALUST. _To die; dead. _ Mamookmemaloost, _to kill. _

~Me-sáh-chie~, _adj. _ Chinook, MASÁCHI. _Bad; wicked. _

~Me-si'-ka~, _pron. _ Chinook, MESÁIKA. _You; your; yours. _

~Mi'-ka~, _pron. _ Chinook, MÁIKA. _Thou; thy; thine. _

~Mi'-mie~, _adv. _ Chinook, MÁIAMI. _Down stream. _

~Mist-chi'-mas~, _n. _ Quære u. D. _A slave. _ Dr. Scouler gives this wordas Nootka and Columbian. Mr. Hale makes it Chinook. It is certainly, however, neither Chinook nor Chihalis; and Jewitt gives _kakoelth_ asNootka, while I find the Makah word _kotlo, _ and the Nittinat _kotl. _

~Mit-áss~, _n. _ Cree, MITAS. (Anderson. ) _Leggings. _ A word imported bythe Canadian French. 

~Mit'-lite~, _v. _ Chinook, MITLAIT. _To sit; sit down; stay at; reside;remain. _ It is also used in place of _to have_ and _to be. _ Ex. Mitlitekopa house, _he is in the house;_ mitlite hyiu salmon kopa mika? _have youplenty of salmon?_ mitlite (_imp. _), _sit down;_ cultus mitlite, _to stopanywhere without particular object;_ mitlite tenas, _to be with child;_mitlite keekwillie, _to put down. _

~Mit'-whit~, _v. _ Chinook, AMETWHET. _To stand; stand up. _ Mitwhit stick, _a standing tree; a mast. _

~Mokst~, _adj. _ Chinook, MAKST. _Two; twice. _

~Moo'-la~, _n. _ French, MOULIN. _A mill. _ Stick moola, _a saw-mill. _

~Moo'-lock~, _n. _ Chinook, EMÚLUK. _An elk. _ This word, strangely enough, occurs also in the Koquilth of Humboldt Bay. 

~Moon~, _n. _ English, idem. _The moon. _ Ikt moon, _a month;_ sick moon, _the wane or old moon. _

~Moos'-moos~, _n. _ Klikatat, MÚSMUS; Chinook, EMÚSMUS. _Buffalo; hornedcattle. _ The word, slightly varied, is common to several languages. Mr. Anderson derives it from the Cree word _moostoos, _ a buffalo, and supposesit to have been imported by the Canadians; but Father Pandosy makes_musmus_ Yakama. 

~Moo'-Sum~, _v. , n. _ Chihalis, MÚSAM. _To sleep; sleep. _ Tikegh moosum, _or_ olo moosum, _to be sleepy_ (literally, _to want, or be hungry forsleep_); nika hyas moosum, _I slept very sound. _

~Mów-itsh~, or ~Mah'-witsh~, _n. _ Nootka, MAUITSH (Hale); Nittinat, MOITSH, _a deer;_ Nootka, MOOWATSH, a _bear_ (Jewitt). _A deer; venison. _Frequently used to signify a wild animal; as, huloima mowitch, _a strangeor different kind of beast. _ The meaning given in Jewitt's book isprobably a misprint. Like _moolock, _ an elk, the word is found in theKoquilth of Humboldt Bay. 

~Múck-a-muck~, _n. , v. _ Quære u. D. MAKAMAK (Hale). _To eat; to bite;food. _ Muckamuck chuck, &c. , _to drink water, or other liquid. _ NeitherChinook nor Chihalis. Mr. Anderson considers it an invented word. 

~Mus'-ket~, _n. _ English, idem. _A gun or musket. _ Stick musket, _a bow. _

~N. ~

~Na. ~ The interrogative particle. Ex. Mika na klatawa okook sun? _do yougo to-day?_ Interrogation is, however, often conveyed by intonation only. 

~Na-áh, _n. _ Chinook, TLKANÁA. _A mother. _ (Hale. ) Peculiar to theColumbia, and now in fact obsolete, the Euglish MA'MA being used instead. 

~Nah~, _interj. _ Common to several languages. _Look here! I say!_ Nahsikhs! _halloo, friend!_ Also used in common conversation to callattention to some point not thoroughly understood. In the Yakama language, it is the sign of the vocative; as, nah tehn! _O man. _

~Nan'-itsh~, _v. _ Quære u. D. _To see; look; look for; seek. _ Nanitsh!_look there!_ kloshe nanitsh! _look out! take care!_ cultus nanitsh, _tolook round idly, or from curiosity only. _ Mamook nanitsh, _to show. _ Theword is neither Chinook nor Chihalis. Dr. Scouler gives _nannanitch_ asNootka and Columbian. It is possibly tbe former. 

~Nau'-its~, _adv. _ Chihalis, NOITSH. Mr. Hale gives this for _off shore;on the stream. _ It means, according to Mr. Anderson, the _sea-beach, _ andis not properly a Jargon word. 

~Na-wit'-ka~, _adv. _ Chinook, idem; Klikatat and Yakama, N'WITKA. _Yes;certainly; yes indeed; to be sure. _ Nawitka wake nika kumtuks, _indeed Idon't know. _ In answer to a negative question, many Indians use it asaffirming the negative. Ex. Wake mika nanitsh? _did you not see [it]?_Nawitka, _I did not. _

~Nem, _n. _ English, NAME. _A name. _ Mamook nem, _to name, or call byname. _

~Ne-nám-ooks, _n. _ Chinook, ENANÁMUKS. _The land otter. _

~Ne si'-ka~, _pron. _ Chinook, NISÁIKA. _We; us; our. _

~Ne'-whah. ~ Chinook, NIWHA. It seems to be an adverb used, as is often thecase, as a verb, the meaning being _hither, come, _ or _bring it hither. _Ex. Newhah nika nanitsh, _here, let me see it. _

~Ni'-ka~, _pron. _ Chinook, NAIKA. _I; me; my; mine. _

~Nose~, _n. _ English, idem. _The nose;_ also, _a promontory. _ Boat nose, _the bow of a boat. _

~O. ~

~O'-koke~, or ~O'-kook, _pron. _ Chinook, OKÖK. _This; that; it. _ Iktahokook? _what is that?_ okook sun, _to-day;_ okook klaksta, _he who;_ okookklaska, _they_ (being present). It is often abbreviated to _oke;_ as, _okesun. _

~O'-la-pits-ki~, _n. _ Chinook, OÖLPITSKI. (Hale. ) _Fire. _ Not properly aJargon word. 

~O'-le-man~, _n. , adj. _ English, OLD MAN. _An old man; old; worn out. _Hyas oleman kiuatan, a _very old horse. _ As regards articles, used in thesense of worn out. 

~Ol'-hy-iu~, _n. _ Chinook, OLHAIYU. _A seal. _

~O'-lil-lie~, or ~O'-lal-lie~, _n. _ Belbella, idem. (Tolmie. ) Originallythe salmon berry. Chinook, KLÁLELLI, _berries in general. Berries. _ Shotolillie, _huckleberries;_ siahpult olillie, _raspberries;_ salmon olillie, _salmon berries, _ &c. On Puget Sound, always called OLALLIE. 

~O'-lo~, _adj. _ Chinook, idem. _Hungry. _ Olo chuck, _thirsty;_ olo moosum, _sleepy. _

~O'-luk~, _n. _ Chihalis, idem. _A snake. _

~O'-na~, _n. _ Chinook, EÓNA. _The razor fish or solen; clams. _ Used onlyat mouth of the Columbia. 

~Oos'-kan~, _n. _ Chinook. _A cup; a bowl. _

~O'-pe-kwan~, _n. _ Chinook, ÓPEKWANH. _A basket; tin kettle. _

~O'-pitl-kegh~, _n. _ Chinook, ÓPTLIKE. _A bow. _

~O'-pit-sah~, _n. _ Chinook, ÓPTSAKH. _A knife. _ Opitsah yakka sikhs _(theknife's friend), a fork. _ The word is also used to denote _a sweetheart. _

~O'-poots~, or ~O'-pootsh~, _n. _ Chinook, OBÉPUTSH, _the fundament. _ _Theposterior; the fundament; the tail of an animal. _ Boat opoots, _therudder;_ opoots-sill, _a breech clout. _

~Óte-lagh, _n. _ (Hale. ) Chinook, OÖTLAKH. _The sun. _ Not properly a Jargonword. 

~Ow~, _n. _ Chinook, AU. _A brother younger than the speaker. _

~P. ~

~Pahtl~, _adj. _ Chinook, PÁTL. _Full. _ Pahtl lum _or_ paht-lum, _drunk;_pahtl chuck, _wet;_ pahtl illahie, _dirty;_ mamook pahtl, _to fill. _

~Paint~, or ~Pent~, _n. , adj. _ English, PAINT. Mamook pent, _to paint. _

~Papa~, _n. _ English, idem. _A father. _

~Pa'see-sie~, _n. _ Chinook, PASÍSI. _A blanket; woollen cloth. _

~Pa-si'-ooks~, _n. , adj. _ Chinook, PASÍSIUKS. _French; a Frenchman. _

Mr. Hale supposed this to be a corruption of the French word _Français. _It is, however, really derived from the foregoing word, PASISI, with theterminal UKS, which is a plural form applied to living beings. Lewis andClarke (vol. Ii. , p. 413) give _Pashisheooks, _ clothmen, as the Chinookname for the whites, and this explanation was also furnished me by peopleof that tribe. It has since been generally restricted to the FrenchCanadians, though among some of the tribes east of the Cascade Range, itis applied indiscriminately to all the Hudson's Bay people. 

~Pchih~, or ~Pit-chih~, _adj. _ Quære u. D. _Thin in dimension, _ as of aboard. (Shaw. ) Not in common use. 

~Pe-chúgh~, _adj. _ Chinook, PTSEKH. _Green. _

~Pee~, _conj. _ French, PUIS. (Anderson. ) _Then; besides; and; or; but. _Pee weght, _and also; besides which;_ pee nika wauwau wake, _but I say, No. _

~Peh'-pah~, _n. _ English, PAPER. _Paper; a letter; any writing. _ Mamookpehpah, _to write. _

~Pel'-ton~, _n. , adj. _ Jargon. _A fool; foolish; crazy. _ Kahkwa pelton, _like a fool;_ hyas pelton mika, _you are very silly. _ The Indians adoptedthis word from the name of a deranged person, Archibald Pelton, or perhapsFelton, whom Mr. Wilson P. Hunt found on his journey to Astoria, andcarried there with him. The circumstance is mentioned by Franchêre, in his"Narrative, " trans, p. 149. 

~Pe-shak'~, or ~Pe-shuk'~, _adj. _ Nootka, PESHUK; Nittinat, idem. _Bad. _

~Pe-what'-tie~, _adj. _ Chinooi, PIHWÁTI. _Thin, _ like paper, &c. 

~Pi'-ah~, _n. , adj. _ English, FIRE. _Fire; ripe; cooked. _ Mamook piah, _tocook; to burn;_ piah-ship, _a steamer;_ piah olillie, _ripe berries;_ piahsapolill, _baked bread;_ piah sick, _the venereal disease;_ saghilliepiah, _lightning. _

~Pil~, _adj. _ Chinook, TLPELPEL. Father Pandosy gives PILPILP, assignifying _red, _ in the Nez Percé or Sahaptin, also. _Red; of a reddishcolor. _ Pil illahie, _red clay or vermilion;_ pil dolla, _gold;_ pilchickamin, _copper;_ pil kiuatan, _a bay or chestnut horse. _

~Pil'-pil~, _n. _ Jargon. _Blood. _ Mahsh pilpil, _to bleed; to menstruate. _Derived from the foregoing. 

~Pish~, _n. _ English. _Fish. _

~Pit-lilh'~, or ~Pit-hlil'~, _adj. _ Quære u. D. _Thick in consistence, _ asmolasses. 

~Piu-piu~, _n. _ French, PUER, _to stink. _ Or from the sound often utteredexpressive of disgust at a bad smell. _A skunk. _

~Poh~, _v. _ Chinook, idem. By onoma. Mamook poh, _to blow out orextinguish, _ as a candle. 

~Po'-lak-lie~, _n. , adj. _ Chinook, POLAKLI. _Night; darkness; dark. _Tenas polaklie, _evening;_ hyas polaklie, _late at night; very dark;_sit-kum polaklie, _midnight_ (literally, _the half night_). 

~Po'-lal-lie~, _n. _ Quære French, POUDRE. _Gunpowder; dust; sand. _Polallie illahie, _sandy ground. _ The word is certainly neither Chinooknor Chihalis. 

~Poo~, _n. _ By onoma. (Hale). _The sound of a gun. _ Mamook poo, _toshoot;_ moxt poo, _a double-barrelled gun;_ tohum poo, _a six-shooter. _Nisqually, OPOO, _to break wind. _

~Poo'-lie~, _adj. _ French, POURRI. _Rotten. _

~Pot'-latch~, or ~Paht'-latsh~, _n. , v. _ Nootka, PAHCHILT (Jewitt);PACHAETL, or PACHATI (Cook). _A gift; to give. _ Cultus potlatch, _apresent or free gift. _

~Pow'-itsh~, _n. _ Chinook, PAUITSH. _A crab-apple. _

~Puk'-puk~, _n. _ Probably an invented word. _A blow with the fist; afist-fight. _ Mamook pukpuk, _to box; to fight with the fists;_ pukpuksolleks, _to fight in anger. _

~Puss'-puss~, _n. _ English. _A cat. _ On Puget Sound, pronounced_pish-pish. _ Hyas pusspuss, _a cougar. _

~S. ~

~Ságh-a-lie~, or ~Sah'-ha-lie~, _adj. _ Chinook, SAKHALI; Clatsop, UKHSHAKHALI. _Up; above; high. _ Saghalie tyee (literally, _the chiefabove_), _God. _ A term invented by the missionaries for want of a nativeone. 

~Sail~, or ~Sill~, _n. _ English, SAIL. _A sail; any cotton or linengoods. _ Mamook sail, _to make sail;_ mamook keekwillie sail, _to take insail;_ tzum sail, _printed cloth or calico. _ ~Sa-kol'-eks~, or~Se-kol'-uks~, _n. _ Chinook, TSAKÁLUKS, _leggings. _ _Trowsers;pantaloons. _ Keekwillie sakoleks, _drawers. _ ~Sal-lal'~, _n. _ Chinook, KLKWUSHALA. (SHELWELL of Lewis and Clarke. ) _The sallal berry;_ fruit of_gualtheria shallon. _

~Salmon~, _n. _ English, idem. _The salmon; fish generally. _ Tyee salmon, i. E. , _chief salmon, the spring salmon (salmo kwinnat, _ Rich. ); masahchiesalmon, _a winter species (salmo canis, _ Suckley); tzum salmon, _salmontrout. _

~Salt~, _n. , adj. _ English, idem. _Salt, or a salt taste. _ Salt chuck, _the sea. _ ~Sán-de-lie~, _n. , adj. _ French, CENDRÉ. _Ash-colored. _(Anderson. ) _A roan horse; roan-colored. _

~Sap'-o-lill~, _n. _ Chinook, TSÁPELEL. _Wheat, flour, or meal. _ Piahsapolill, _baked bread;_ lolo sapolill, _whole wheat. _ The word has beenerroneously supposed to come from the French _la farine. _ It is, however, a true Indian word, and seems common to various Columbia river tribes. Pandosy gives SAPLIL as Yakama for _bread;_ Lewis and Clarke write itCHAPELELL. 

~Se-áh-host~, or ~Se-agh'-ost~, _n. _ Chinook, SIÁKHOST, _the face. _ _Theface; the eyes. _ Halo seahhost, _blind;_ icht seahhost, _one-eyed;_ lakitseahhost (_four eyes_), or dolla seahhost, _spectacles_. 

~Se-áh-po~, or ~Se-áh-pult~, ~n. ~ French, CHAPEAU. _A hat or cap. _Seahpult olillie, _the raspberry. _

~Shame~, or ~Shem~, _n. _ English, idem. _Shame. _ Halo shem mika? _arn'tyou ashamed of yourself?_

~Shán-tie~, _v. _ French, CHANTER. _To sing. _

~She-lok'-um~, _n. _ Chinook, TSHAILAKUMIT. (Anderson. ) _A looking-glass;glass. _

~Ship~, _n. _ English, idem. _A ship or vessel. _ Stick ship, _a sailingvessel;_ piah ship, _a steamer;_ ship-man, _a sailor. _

~Shoes~, _n. _ English, idem. _Shoes; skin shoes; moccasins. _ Stick shoes, _boots or shoes made of leather. _

~Shot~, _n. _ English, idem. _Shot; lead. _ Shot olillie, _huckleberries. _

~Shu'-gah~, or ~Shu'-kwa~, _n. _ English. _Sugar. _

~Shugh~, _n. _ Chinook, SHUKHSHUKH. _A rattle. _ An imitation doubtless ofthe sound. (Anderson. ) Shugh-opoots, _a rattlesnake. _

~Shut~, _n. _ English, SHIRT. _A shirt. _

~Shwáh-kuk~, _n. _ Chihalis, SHWAKÉUK. _A frog. _

~Si-áh~, _adj. _ Nootka, SAIÁ. _Far; far off. _ Comparative distance isexpressed by intonation or repetition; as, siah-siah, _very far;_ wakesiah, _near, not far. _ Jewitt gives SIEYAH as the _sky_ in Nootka, whichwas perhaps the true meaning, or, more probably, they called the sky "theafar. "

~Si-am~, _n. _ Chinook, ISHAIEM. _The grizzly bear. _

~Sick~, _adj. _ English, idem. _Sick. _ Cole sick, _the ague;_ sick tum-tum, _grieved; sorry; jealous; unhappy. _

~Sikhs~, or ~Shikhs~, _n. _ Chinook, SKASIKS; Sahaptin, SHIKSTUA. (Pandosy. ) _A friend. _ Used only towards men. 

~Sin'-a-moxt~, _adj. _ Chinook, SINIMAKST. _Seven. _

~Si'-pah~, _adj. _ Wasco. (Shaw. ) _Straight, _ like a ramrod. Of only localuse. 

~Sis'-ki-you~, _n. _ Cree. (Anderson. ) _A bob-tailed horse. _

This name, ludicrously enough, has been bestowed on the range of mountainsseparating Oregon and California, and also on a county in the latterState. The origin of this designation, as related to me by Mr. Anderson, was as follows. Mr. Archibald R. McLeod, a chief factor of the Hudson'sBay Company, in the year 1828, while crossing the mountains with a packtrain, was over-taken by a snow storm, in which he lost most of hisanimals, including a noted bob-tailed race-horse. His Canadian followers, in compliment to their chief, or "bourgeois, " named the place the Pass ofthe Siskiyou, --an appellation subsequently adopted as the veritable Indianname of the locality, and which thence extended to the whole range, andthe adjoining district. 

~Sit'-kum~, _n. , adj. _ Chinook, SITKUM (Anderson); Clatsop, ASITKO. _Ahalf; apart. _ Sitkuni dolla, _half a dollar;_ sitkum sun, _noon;_ tenassitkum, _a quarter, or a small part. _

~Sit'-lay~, or ~Sit'-li-ay~, _n. _ French, LES ETRIERS. (Anderson. )_Stirrups. _

~Sit'-shum~, _v. _ Chihalis, idem. _To swim. _

~Si'-wash~, _n. , adj. _ French, SAUVAGE. _An Indian; Indian. _

~Skin~, _n. _ English, idem. _Skin. _ Skin shoes, _moccasins;_ stick skin, _the bark of a tree. _

~Skoo'-kum~, or ~Skoo-koom'~, _n. , adj. _ Chihalis, SKUKUM. _A ghost; anevil spirit or demon; strong. _ Skookum tumtum, _brave;_ skookum chuck, _arapid. _

~Skwak'-wal~, _n. _ Chinook, SKAKULH (Anderson); Clatsop, SKAKOLI. _Alamprey eel. _ Of local use only. 

~Skwis'-kwis~, _n. _ Chinook, Cathlamet dialect. _A squirrel. _

~Sla-hal'~, _n. _ Chinook, ETLALTLAL. _A game played with ten small disks, one of which is marked. _

~Smet'-ocks~, _n. _ Chihalis, SMETTAKS. _The large clam (Lutraria). _ Usedonly at the mouth of the Columbia river. 

~Smoke~, _n. _ English, idem. _Smoke; clouds; fog; steam. _

~Snass~, _n. _ Quære u. D. _Rain. _ Cole snass, _snow. _ The word is neitherChinook nor Chihalis, and is perhaps manufactured. 

~Snow~, _n. _ English, idem. _Snow. _

~Soap~, _n. _ English, idem. _Soap. _

~So-le'-mie~, _n. _ Chinook, SULAMICH (Anderson); Clatsop, SHÖLBE. _Thecranberry. _

~Sol'-leks~, or ~Sah'-leks~, _n. , adj. _ Quære u. D. _Anger; angry. _ Mamooksolleks, _to fight;_ tikegh solleks, _to be hostile;_ kumtuks solleks, _tobe passionate. _

~So'-pe-na~, _v. _ Chinook, T'SOPENA. _To jump; to leap. _

~Spo'-oh~, or ~Spo'-eh~, _adj. _ Chinook, idem. _Faded; any light color, _as pale blue, drab, &c. Chahko spoeh, _to fade. _

~Spoon~, _n. _ English, idem. _A spoon. _

~Spose~, _conj. _ English, SUPPOSE. _If; supposing; provided that; in orderthat. _ Spose mika nanitsh nika canim, _if you see my canoe;_ spose nikaklatawa kopa Chinook, _if or when I go to Chinook;_ kahkwa spose, _as if. _See KLOSHK SPOSE. 

~Stick~, _n. , adj. _ English, idem. _A stick; a tree; wood; wooden. _ Stickskin, _bark;_ ship stick, _a mast;_ mitwhit stick, _a standing tree, _ ichtstick, _a yard measure;_ stick shoes, _leather shoes or boots, _ asdistinguished from skin shoes or moccasins; kull stick, _oak_ (hard wood);isick stick, _the ash_ (paddle wood). 

~Stock'-en~, _n. _ English. _Stockings or socks. _

~Stoh~, _adj. _ Chinook, idem. _Loose. _ Mamook stoh, _to untie; unloose;undo. _ Metaphorically, _to absolve. _

~Stone~, _n. _ English, idem. _A rock or stone; bone; horn; the testicles. _Stone kiuatan, _a stallion;_ mahsh stone, _to castrate. _

~Stote'-kin~, _adj. _ Chinook, STOKTKIN. _Eight. _

~Stutch'-un~, _n. _ English, STURGEON. _The sturgeon. _

~Suk-wal'-al~, _n. _ Chinook (Hale); Clatsop, SHUKWALÁLA, _a gun ormusket. _ No longer used in Jargon. 

~Sun~, _n. _ English, idem. _The sun; a day. _ Tenas sun, _early;_ sitkumsun, _noon;_ klip sun, _sunset. _

~Sun'-day~, _n. _ English, idem. _Sunday. _ Icht Sunday, _a week;_ hyassunday, _a holiday. _ A flag hoisted on a particular occasion is sometimesalso called Sunday. The other days of the week are usually counted fromthis; as, icht, mokst, klone sun kopet Sunday, _one, two, or three daysafter Sunday. _ Saturday used to be called at the Hudson's Bay Company'sposts "muckamuck sun, " _food day, _ as the one on which the rations wereissued. 

T. 

~Tagh'-um~, ~To'-hum~, or ~Tugh'-um~, _adj. _ Chinook, TAKHUM; Cowlitz, TUKHUM; Kwantlen, TUKHUM'; Selish, TÁKKAN. _Six. _

~Táhl-kie~, or ~Táhnl-kie~, _adv. _ Chinook, TÁNLKI. _Yesterday. _ Ichttahlkie, _day before yesterday. _

~Táh-nim~, _v. _ Chihalis, idem. _To measure. _ Of only local use, and notstrictly Jargon. 

~Taht'-le-lum~, or ~Tot'-le-lum~, _adj. _ Chinook, TATLELUM. _Ten. _ Thecombinations from this are simple. Moxt, klone, &c. , tahtlelum, signifying_twenty, thirty, _ &c. ; tahtlelum pe icht, &c. , _eleven, twelve, &c. _

~Tál-a-pus~, _n. _ Chinook, ITALIPAS; Yakama, TELIPA. (Pandosy. ) _Thecoyote or prairie wolf. _ A sort of deity or supernatural being, prominentin Indian mythology. _A sneak. _

~Ta-máh-no-us~, _n. _ Chinook, ITAMÁNAWAS. _A sort of guardian or familiarspirit; magic; luck; fortune; any thing supernatural. _ One's particularforte is said to be his _tamahnous. _ Mamook tamahnous, _to conjure; "makemedecine;"_ masahchie tamahnous, _witchcraft or necromancy. _ Mr. Andersenrestricts the true meaning of the word to _conjuring. _

~Ta-mo'-litsh~, or ~Ta-mow'-litsh~, _n. _ Chinook, TAMULITSH (Anderson);Yakama, TAMOLITSH (Pandosy). _A tub; barrel; bucket. _ Icht tamolitsb, _abushel measure. _

~Tanse~, _v. , n. _ English, DANCE. _To dance. _

~T'chuk'-in~, or ~Tsugh'-ken~. See CHUCKIN. 

~Tea~, _n. _ English, idem. _Tea. _

~Te-áh-wit~, _n. _ Chinook, TIÁWI; Clatsop, KLÁAWIT. _The leg; the foot. _Klatawa teahwit, _to go on foot; to walk;_ klook teahwit, _lame. _

~Téh-teh~, _v. _ Clatsop, TETEHAHA. _To trot, _ as a horse. Of local useonly. 

~Ten'-as~, or ~Tan'-as~, _n. , adj. _ Nootka, TANAS; Tokwaht, TENES. _Small;few; little; a child; the young of any animal. _ Mokst nika tenas, _I havetwo children;_ tenas hyiu, _a few;_ tenas sun, _early. _ Jewitt givesTANASSIE for _a child_ in Nootka. 

~Te-péh~, _n. _ Chinook, TEPKÉH. _Quills; the wings of a bird. _

~Tik-égh~, or ~Tu-kégh~, _v. _ Chinook, TIKEKH. _To want; wish; love;like. _ Hyas tikegh, _to long for;_ ikta mika tikegh? _what do you want?_

~Tik'-tik~, _n. _ By onoma. _A watch. _

~Til'-i-kum~, _n. _ Chinook, TILIKHUM. _People. _ Applied generally, itmeans those who are not chiefs. Cultus tilikum, _common or insignificantpersons;_ huloima tilikum, _strangers;_ nika tilikum, _my relations. _ Itis also used to signify a _tribe_ or _band. _

~Til'-i-kum-má-ma~, _n. _ (Hale. ) Chinook, TLKAMÁMA. _A father. _ The wordis not in use in Jargon. 

~Till~, or ~Tull~, _adj. , n. _ English, TIRE. _Tired; heavy; weight; aweight. _ Hyas till nika, _I am very tired;_ kansih till okook, _how muchdoes that weigh;_ mamook till, _to weigh. _

~Tin'-tin~, _n. _ By onoma. _A bell; a musical instrument. _ Mamook tintin, _to ring a bell. _ Among the Indians round the Hudson Bay Company's posts, the hours were thus known; as, mokst tintin kopet sitkum sun, _two hours, _i. E. , _two bells after noon. _

~T'kópe~, _adj. _ Chinook, idem. _White; light-colored. _

~Tlehl~. See KLALE. 

~Tl'kópe~, _v. _ Chinook, idem. _To cut; hew; chop. _

~Toh~, or ~Tooh~. By onoma. Mamook toh, _to spit. _ A manufactured word. 

~Tóke-tie~, _adj. _ Kalapuya. _Pretty. _ Not in common use. 

~To'-lo~, _v. _ Kalapuya. _To earn; to win at a game; to gain. _ Kansihdolla nika tolo spose mamook? _how many dollars will I earn if I work?_

~To'-luks~, _n. _ Clallam, TOYUK. _The mussel. _ Used on Puget Sound only. 

~To-mól-la~, _adv. _ English, TO-MORROW. Ikt tomolla, _or_ copet tomolla, _the day after. _

~Tot~, _n. _ Chihalis, TOT, or TAT. _An uncle. _

~To'-to~, _v. _ By onoma. Chinook, TOKH-TOKH. _To shake; sift any thing;winnow. _

~To-toosh'~, or ~Ta-toosh'~, _n. _ Chippeway, TOTOSH. (Schoolcraft. ) _Thebreasts of a female; milk. _ Totoosh lakles, _butter. _

~To-wagh'~, _adj. _ Chinook, TOWAKH. _Bright; shining; light. _

~Tsee~, _adj. _ Chinook, idem. _Sweet. _

~Tsee'-pie~, _v. _ Kalapuya. _To miss a mark; to mistake one's road; tomake a blunder in speaking; to err or blunder. _ Tseepie wayhut, _to takethe wrong road. _

~Tshi'-ke~, _adv. _ (Hale. ) Quære u. D. _Directly; soon. _ Not Jargon. 

~Tshis~, _adj. _ Chinook, idem. _Cold. _ Not in common use. 

~Tsi-át-ko~, _n. _ Chihalis, Nisqually, &c. , idem; Clatsop, ÉCHIATKU. _Anocturnal demon, _ much feared by the Indians. The Skagits give this nameto the "Couteaux, " a tribe of Indians on Frazer River, of whom they standin like awe. 

~Tsik'-tsik~, or ~Tchik'-tchik~, _n. _ By onoma. _A wagon; a cart; awheel. _ Tsiktsik wayhut, _a wagon-road. _

~Tsil'-tsil~, or ~Chil'-chil~, _n. _ Chinook, ECHILCHIL. (Anderson. )_Buttons; the stars. _

~Tsish~, _v. _ By onoma. , in imitation of the sound of a grindstone. (Shaw. ) Mamook tsish, _to sharpen. _ Of local use. 

~Tsóle-pat~, _n. _ Klikatat. _A shot-pouch. _ Of local use only. 

~Tso'-lo~, _n. _ Kalapuya. (Shaw. ) _To wander in the dark; to lose one'sway. _ Used in the Willamette valley. 

~Tsugh~, _n. , v. _ Chinook, idem. _A crack or split. _ Mamook tsugh, _tosplit;_ chahko tsugh, _to become split or cracked, _ as by the heat of thesun; mamook tsugh illahie, is by some used instead of klugh, for _toplough. _

~Tsuk~. See CHUCK. 

~Tuk-a-mo'-nuk~, or ~Tak-a-mo'-nak~, _adj. _ Chinook, ITAKAMONAK. _Ahundred. _ It is, like ten, combined with the digits; as, icht, moxt, klonetakamonak, _one hundred, two hundred, three hundred, _ &c. Hyas takamonak, _or_ tahtlelum takamonak, _a thousand. _

~Tuk'-wil-la~, or ~To'-kwil-la~, _n. _ Kalapuya. _The hazel-nut; nutsgenerally. _

~Tum'-tum~, _n. _ By onoma. , from the pulsations of the heart. (Anderson. )_The heart; the will; opinion. _ Mahsh tumtum, _to give orders, _ mamooktumtum, _to make up one's mind;_ mamook closhe tumtum, _to make friends orpeace;_ sick tumtum, _grief; jealousy;_ moxt tumtum nika, _I amundecided, _ i. E. , _I have two wills. Q. _ Kah nesika klatawa? _where shallwe go? A. _ Mika tumtum, _wherever you please; as you will. _ Ikta mikatumtum? _what do you think?_ Halo tumtum, _without a will of one's own, _as a child. The heart seems to be generally regarded as the seat of themind or will. 

~Tum-wa'-ta~, _n. _ TUM, by onoma. ; English, WATER. _A waterfall, cascade, or cataract. _ Lewis and Clarke give TIMM as used by the Indians above theDalles of the Columbia in directing them to the falls. 

~Tup'-shin~, or ~Tip'-sin~, _v. _ Chihalis, TUPSHIN. _A needle. _ Mamooktipsin, _to sew; to mend; to patch. _

~Túp-so~, or ~Tip'-so~, _n. _ Chinook, TEPSO, _a leaf. _ _Grass; leaves, fringe; feathers; fur. _ Often but incorrectly employed for YAKSO, _hair;_tipso illahie, _prairie;_ dely tipso, _hay. _

~Ty'-ee~, _n. , adj. _ Nootka, TAIYI; TYEE (Jewitt). _A chief. _ Any thing ofsuperior order. Saghalie tyee, _the Deity;_ tyee salmon, _the springsalmon. _ TOYON is given by some of the northwestern voyagers as the Eskimoappellation for _chief. _

~Tzum~, _n. , adj. _ Chinook, idem. _Mixed colors; spots or stripes; a markor figure; writing; paint; painted. _ Tzum sill, _printed calico;_ tzumpehpa, _writing;_ mamook tzum, _to write;_ tzum illahie, _blazed orsurveyed land. _

~W. ~

~Wagh~, _v. _ Chinook, WAKH, _To pour; to spill; to vomit. _ Mamook waghchuck, _pour out some water. _

~Wake~, _adv. _ Nootka, WIK (Jewitt); Tokwaht, WEK. _No; not. _

~Wa'-ki~, _adv. _ (Hale. ) Chinook, WAKI. _To-morrow. _ Not Jargon. 

~Wap'-pa-too~, _n. _ Quære u. D. _The root of the Sagitaria sagittifolia, _which forms an article of food; _the potato. _ The word is neither Chinooknor Chihalis, but is everywhere in common use. 

~Wash~, _v. _ English, idem. Mamook wash, _to wash. _

~Waum~, _adj. _ English, WARM. Hyas waum, _hot;_ waum illahie, _summer;_mamook waum, _to heat;_ waum-sick-cole-sick, _fever and ague. _

~Wau'-wau~, _v. , n. _ Nootka; Nittinat, WÁWE. _To talk; speak; call; ask;tell; answer; talk or conversation. _ Cultus wauwau, _idle talk; stuff;nonsense;_ hyas wauwau, _to shout. _

~Way'-hut~, ~Hweh'-kut~, or ~Wee'-hut~, _n. _ Chinook, WÉHUT, _a road;_Yakama, WIET, _far. _ _A road or trail. _ Tsik-tsik wayhut, _a wagon-road. _About Vancouver, on the Columbia, it is pronounced HWÉHKUT; on PugetSound, WEEHUT. 

~Weght~, _conj. _ Chinook, idem. _Again; also; more. _ Pe nika weght, _and Itoo;_ pahtlatsh weght, _give me some more;_ tenas weght, _a little moreyet. _

~Whim~, _v. _ Wasco. (Shaw. ) _To fell. _ Whim stick, _a fallen tree;_ mamookwhim okook stick, _fell that tree. _ Also, _to throw, _ in wrestling. Oflocal use only. 

~Win'-a-pie~, _adv. _ Nootka; Nittinat, WILAPI. _By-and-bye; presently;wait. _ Of local use; the Chinook ALKI being more common. 

~Wind~, or ~Win~, _n. _ English, idem. _Wind. _ The winds are often known bythe country from which they blow; as, for instance, on the Columbia, aneasterly is a Walla-walla wind; at the mouth of the river, a southerly isa Tilamooks wind, &c. _Breath. _ Ex. Halo wind, _out of breath; dead. _

Y. 

~Yah'-hul~, _n. _ Chinook, YAKHUL; EUEKHOL. _A name. _ Not in general use. 

~Yáh-ka~, or ~Yok'-ka~, _pron. _ Chinook, YÁKA. _He; his; him; she; it, &c. _

~Yah'-kis-ilt'h~, _adj. _ Chinook, YAKISILT'H. _Sharp. _ Mr. Anderson givesas the original, "_cutting. _"

~Yah'-wa~, _adv. _ Chinook, YAWÁKH. _There; thither; thence; beyond. _

~Yah'-whul~. See AYÁHWHUL. 

~Yak'-so~, _n. _ Chinook, idem. _The hair of the head; hair generally. _

~Ya-kwah'-tin~, or ~Kwah'-tin~, _n. _ Chinook and Clatsop, YAKWATIN. _Thebelly; the entrails. _

~Yaub~. See LEJAUB. 

~Yel'-a-kwat~. See KALAKWAHTIE. 

~Yi'-em~, _v. , n. _ Chihalis, YAIEM. _To relate; to tell a story; toconfess to a priest; a story or tale. _

~Youtl~, _adj. _ Quære Chihalis, EYUTLH; Nisqually, JUIL, _glad. _ _Pleased;proud;_ (of a horse), _spirited. _ Hyas youtl yakka tumtum, _his heart isvery glad; he is much puffed up. _

~Yoútl-kut~, _adj. , n. _ Chinook, YÚTLKUT. _Long_ (in dimension); _length. _

~Yoút-skut~, or ~Yutes'-kut~, _adj. _ Chinook, YÚTSKUTA. _Short_ (indimension). 

~Y-salt'h~, or ~Ye-salt'h~. See E-SALT'H. 

~Yuk'-wa~, _adv. _ Chinook, YAKWÁ. _Here; hither; this side of; this way. _Yukwa kopa okook house, _this side of that house. _

~PART II. ~

ENGLISH-CHINOOK. 

PART II. ENGLISH-CHINOOK. 

~Above~, _ságh-a-lie. _~Absolve~, _mam'-ook stoh. _~Acorns~, _káh-na-way. _~Across~, _in'-a-ti. _~Afraid~, _kwass. _~After, Afterwards~, _kim'-ta. _~Again~, _weght. _~All~, _kon'-a-way. _~Alms~, _e'-la-han, _ or _e-lann'. _~Also~, _weght. _~Although~, _kégh-tchie. _~Always~, _kwáh-ne-sum. _~American~, _Boston. _~Amusement~, _hee'-hee. _~And~, _pee. _~Anger, Angry~, _sol'-leks. _~Apple~, _le pome. _~Apron~, _kéh-su, _ or _ki'-su. _~Arbutus uva ursi~, _lahb. _~Arrive at~, _ko. _~Arrow~, _ka-li'-tan. _~As if~, _káh-kwa spose. _~At~, _ko'-pa. _~Aunt~, _kwal'h. _~Awl~, _shoes keep'-wot. _~Axe~, _la-hash'. _

~B. ~

~Bad~, _me-sáh-chie; pe-shuk'. _~Bag~, _le sak. _~Ball~, _le bal. _~Bargain~, _máh-kook; húy-húy. _~Bark~, _s'ick-skin. _~Barrel~, _ta-mo'-litsh. _~Basket~, _o'-pe-kwan. _~Beads~, _ka-mo'-suk. _~Bear~ (black), _chet'-woot; its'woot;_ (grizzly), _si-am'. _~Beat, to~, _kok'-shut. _~Beaver~, _ee'-na. _~Because~, _kéh-wa. _~Become, to~, _cháh-ko. _~Bed~, _bed. _~Before~, _e'-lip, _ or _el'-ip. _~Behind~, _kim'-ta. _~Bell~, _tin'-tin. _~Belly~, _ya-kwáh-tin. _~Below~, _kee'-kwil-lie. _~Belt~, _la san-jel'. _~Berries~, _o'-lil-lie; o'-lal-lie. _~Best~, _e'-lip closhe. _~Bird~, _kal-lak'-a-la. _~Biscuit~, _le bis'-kwee. _~Bitter~, _klihl. _~Black~, _klale. _~Blackberries~, _klik'-a-muks. _~Blanket~, _pa-see'-sie. _~Blind~, _ha'-lo se-áh-host. _~Blood~, _pil-pil. _~Blow out~, _mam'-ook poh. _~Blue~ (light), _spo'-oh. _~Blue~ (dark), _klale. _~Blunder, to~, _tsee'-pie. _~Board~, _la plash. _~Boat~, _boat. _~Bob-tailed; a bob-tailed horse~, _sis'-ki-you. _~Boil, to~, _lip'-lip. _~Bone~, _stone. _~Borrow, to~, _a-yáh-whul. _~Bosom~ (female), _to-toosh. _~Both~, _kun'-a-moxt. _~Bottle~, _la-boo-ti'. _~Bow~, _o'-pitl-kegh. _~Bowl~, _oos'-kan. _~Box~, _la ca-sett'. _~Bracelet~, _klik'-wal-lie. _~Brave~, _skoo'-kum tum'-tum. _~Bread~, _le pan. _~Break, to~, _kok'-shut. _~Breasts~, _to-toosh'. _~Breech clout~, _o'-poots sill. _~Bridle~, _la bleed. _~Bright~, _to-wágh. _~Broad~, _kluk-ulh'. _~Broom~, _bloom. _~Brother~, _káhp-ho, _ if elder than the speaker; _ow, _ if younger. Male cousins the same. ~Brother-in-law~, _ek'-keh. _~Bucket~, _ta-mo'-litsh. _~Buffalo~, _moos'-moos. _~Bullet~, _le bal; ka-li'-tan. _~Bundle~, _kow. _~But~, _pe. _~Butter~, _to-toosh' la-kles'. _~Buttons~, _tsil'-tsil. _~Buy, to~, _máh-kook. _~By-and-by~, _win'-a-pie. _

~C. ~

~Candle~, _la shan-del'. _~Carrot~, _la ca-lat'. _~Carry, to~, _lo' lo. _~Cart~, _tsik'-tsik; chik'-chik. _~Cascade~, _tum' wa-ter. _~Castrate, to~, _mahsh stone. _~Cat~, _puss'-puss. _~Cataract~, _tum' wa-ter. _~Cattle~, _moos'-moos. _~Certainly~, _na-wit'-ka. _~Chain~, _la shen; chik'a-min lope. _~Chair~, _la shase. _~Cheat, to~, _la-láh. _~Chicken~, _la pool. _~Chief~, _ty-ee'. _~Child~, _ten'-as. _~Clams~, _o'-na; luk'-ut-chee; la-kwit'-chee. _~Clams~, the large kind, _smet-ocks. _~Clear up, to~, _cháh-ko klah. _~Cloth~ (cotton), _sail. _~Clouds~, _smoke. _~Coat~, _ca-po'. _~Coffee~, _kau'-py. _~Cold~, _cole; tshis. _~Comb~, _comb. _~Comb, to~, _mam'-ook comb. _~Come, to~, _cháh-ko. _~Confess, to~, _yi'-em. _~Conjuring~, _ta-máh-no-us. _~Cook, to~, _mam'-ook pi'-ah. _~Copper~, _pil chik'-a-min. _~Cord~, _ten'-as lope. _~Corn~, _e-salt'h', _or _ye-salt'h'. _~Corral~, _kul-lágh. _~Cotton goods~, _sail. _~Cough~, _hoh'-hoh. _~Count, to~, _mam'-ook kwun'-nun. _~Cousin~, see brother and sister. ~Coyote~, _tal'-a-pus. _~Crab apple~, _pow'-itsh. _~Cranberry~, _so'-le-mie. _~Crazy~, _pel'-ton. _~Cream colored~, _le clem. _~Crooked~, _ki'-wa. _~Cross~, _la clo-a'. _~Crow~, _káh-kah. _~Cry, to~, _cly. _~Cup~, _oos'-kan. _~Curly~, _hunl'-kih. _~Cut, to~, _tl'ko'-pe. _

~D. ~

~Dance, to~, _tanse. _~Dark, darkness~, _po'-lak-lie. _~Day~, _sun. _~Dead~, _mem'-a-loost, _~Deaf~, _ik-poo'-ie kwil-lan. _~Dear~, _hy'-as máh-kook. _~Deep~, _klip. _~Deer~, _mow'-itsh. _~Demon~, _skoo'-kum. _~Devil~, _di-aub'; yaub; le-jaub'. _~Different~, _hul-o'-i-ma. _~Difficult~, _kull. _~Dig, to~, _mam'-ook il'-la-hie. _~Dime~, _bit, _ or _mit. _~Do, to~, _mam'-ook. _~Doctor~, _doc'-tin. _~Dog~, _kam'-ooks. _~Dollar~, _dol'-la, _ or _táh-la. _~Door~, _la po'te. _~Down stream~, _mi'-mie. _~Drink, to~, _muck'-a-muck. _~Drive, to~, _kish'-kish. _~Drunk~, _páht-lum. _~Dry~, _de-ly'. _~Duck~ (Mallard), _kwéh-kweh; háht-haht. _~Dust~, _po'-lal-lie. _

~E. ~

~Eagle~, _chak'-chak. _~Ear~, _kwo-lann'. _~Early~, _ten'-as sun. _~Earn, to~, _to'-lo_~Earth~, _il'-la-hie. _~Eat, to~, _muck'-a-muck. _~Egg~, _le sap'; le zep'. _~Eight~, _sto'-te-kin. _~Elk~, _moo'-lock. _~Enclosure~, _kul-lágh. _~English~, _king chautsh. _~Englishman~, _king chautsh. _~Enough~, _hi-yu'; ko-pet'. _~Entreiils~, _ki-yágh. _~Evening~, _ten'-as po'-lak-lie. _~Every~, _kon'-a-way. _~Exchange~, _húy-huy. _~Eyes~, _se-áh-host. _

~F. ~

~Face~, _se-áh-host. _~Faded~, _spo'-oh. _~Falsehood~, _klim-in'-a-whit. _~Far~, _si-áh. _~Fast~ (quick), _hy-ak'. _~Fast~ (tight), _kwutl. _~Fasten, to~, _kow. _~Fat~, _glease. _~Father~, _pa'-pa. _~Fathom~, _it'-lan. _~Fear~, _kwass. _~Fell, to~ (as a tree), _mam'-ook whim. _~Fence~, _kul-lágh. _~Fetch, to~, _mam'-ook cháh-ko. _~Fever~, _waum sick. _~Few~, _ten'-as. _~Fight, to~, _mam'-ook sol'-leks. _~Fight, with fists~, _mam'-ook puk'-puk. _~Figured~ (as calico), _tzum. _~File~, _la leem. _~Fill, to~, _mam'-ook pahtl. _~Find, to~, _klap. _~Fingers~, _le doo. _~Fire~, _pi'-ah; o-la-pits'-ki. _~First~, _e'-lip, _ or _el'-ip. _~Fish~, _pish. _~Fish-hook~, _ik'-kik. _~Five~, _kwin'-num. _~Flea~, _so'-pen e'-na-poo; cho'-tub. _~Flesh~, _itl'-wil-lie. _~Flint~, _kil-it'-sut. _~Flour~, _sap'-o-lill. _~Fly, to~, _ka-wak'. _~Fog~, _smoke. _~Food~, _muck'-a-muck. _~Fool~, _pel'-ton. _~Foolish~, _pel'-ton. _~Foot~, _le-pee'. _~Forever~, _kwáh-ne-sum. _~Forget, to~, _máh-lie. _~Fork~, _la poo-shet'. _~Formerly~, _áhn-kut-te, _ or _áhn-kot-tie. _~Four~, _lak'-it, _or _lok'-it. _~Fowl~, _la pool. _~French~, Frenchman, _pa-si'-ooks. _~Friend~, _sikhs, _ or _shikhs. _~Frog~, _shwáh-kuk. _~Fry~, to, _mam'-ook la po-el'. _~Frying-pan~, _la po-el'. _~Full~, _pahtl. _~Fundament~, _o'-poots. _

~G. ~

~Gallop, to~, _kwa-lal'-kwa-lal'. _~Gather, to~, _ho'-ku-melh. _~Get, to~, _is'-kum. _~Get out~, _mahsh. _~Get up~, _get-up', -or ket-op'. _~Ghost~, _skoo'-kum. _~Gift~, _cul'-tus pot'-latch. _~Give, to~, _pot'-latch. _~Glad~, _kwann. _~Go, to~, _klat'-a-wa. _~God~, _ságh-a-lie ty-ee'. _~Gold~, _pil chik'-a-min. _~Good~, _klose, _ or _kloshe. _~Good-bye~, _kla-how'-ya. _~Goods~, _ik'-tah. _~Goose~, _whuy'-whuy; kal-ak-a-láh-ma. _~Grandfather~, _chope. _~Grandmother~, _chitsh. _~Grease~, _la-kles'; glease. _~Green~, _pe-chugh'. _~Grey; a grey horse~, _le gley. _~Grizzly bear~, _si-am'. _~Ground~, _il'-la-hie. _~Gun; musket~, _suk'-wa-lal. _

~H. ~

~Hair~, _yak'-so. _~Half~, _sit'-kum. _~Hammer~, _le máh-to. _~Hand~, _le máh. _~Hand~ (game of), _it'-lo-kum. _~Handkerchief~, _hak'-at-shum. _~Hard~, _kull. _~Hare~, _kwit'-shad-ie. _~Harrow, to~, _mam'-ook comb il'-la-hie. _~Hat~, _se-áh-po; se-áh-pult. _~Haul~, _haul. _~Hazel-nuts~, _tuk'-wil-la. _~He, his~, _yáh-ka. _~Head~, _la tet. _~Heart~, _tum'-tum. _~Heaven~, _ságh-il-lie il'-la-hie. _~Heavy~, _till. _~Help, to~, _mam'-ook e-lann'. _~Here~, _yuk'-wa. _~Hermaphrodite~, _bur'-dash. _~Hide, to~, _ip'-soot. _~High~, _ságh-a-lie. _~Hit, to~, _kwul'h. _~Hoe~, _la pe-osh'. _~Hog~, _co'-sho. _~Hole~, _kla-whap'. _~Holiday~, _sunday. _~Horn~, _stone. _~Horse~, _kiu'-a-tan. _~House~, _house. _~How~, _káh-ta. _~How are you~, _kla-how'-ya. _~How many~, _kun'-sih; kun'-juk. _~Hundred~, _tuk-a-mo'-nuk. _~Hungry~, _o'-lo. _~Hurry~, _howh; hy-ak'. _

~I. ~

~I~, _ni-ka. _~If~, _spose. _~In~, _ko'-pa. _~Indian~, _si'-wash. _~In shore~, _máht-wil-lie. _~Iron~, _chik'-a-min. _~It~, _yáh-ka. _

~J. ~

~Jealous~, _sick tum'-tum. _~Jump, to~, _so'-pe-na. _

~K. ~

~Kam-ass root~, _la'-ka-mass. _~Kettle~, _ket-ling. _~Kick, to~, _chuk'-kin. _~Kiss, to kiss~, _be'-be. _~Knife~, _o'-pit-sah. _~Knock, to~, _ko'-ko. _~Knotty~, _hunl'-kih. _~Know, to~, _kum'-tuks. _

~L. ~

~Lame~, _klook te-áh-wit. _~Lamprey eel~, _skwak'-wal, _~Language~, _la lang. _~Large~, _hy-as'. _~Lately~, _chee. _~Laughter~, _hee'-hee. _~Lazy~, _lazy. _~Leap, to~, _so'-pe-na. _~Leaf~, _tup'-so, _ or _tip'-so. _~Lean, to~, _lagh. _~Leave, to~, _mahsh. _~Leave off, to~, _ko-pet'. _~Leg~, _te-áh-wit. _~Leggings~, _mi-tass'. _~Lend, to~, _a-yáh-whul_~Lick, to~, _klak'-wun. _~Lie, to~, _klim-in'-a-whit. _~Like~, _káh-kwa. _~Like, to~, _tik-égh. _~Little~, _ten'-as. _~Long~, _youtl'-kut. _~Long ago~, _áhn-kut-te, _ or _áhn-kot-tie. _~Look, to~, _nan'-itsh. _~Look here!~ _nah. _~Look out!~ _klose nan'-itsh. _~Looking-glass~, _she-lok'-um. _~Loose~, _stoh. _~Lose the way, to~, _tso'-lo; tsee-pie' way-hut. _~Louse~, _e'-na-poo, _ or _in'-a-poo. _~Love, to~, _tik-égh. _

~M. ~

~Magic~, _ta-máh-no-us. _~Make, to~, _mam'-ook. _~Man~, _man. _~Many~, _hy-iu'. _~Marry, to~, _mal-i-éh. _~Mass~ (Ceremony of), _la messe. _~Mast~, _ship stick. _~Mat~, _klis'-kwiss. _~Mattock~, _la pe-osh'. _~Measure, to~, _tah'-nim. _~Meat~, _itl'-wil-lie. _~Medicine~, _la mes'-tin. _~Mend, to~, _mam'-ook tip'-shin. _~Menstruate, to~, _mahsh pil'-pil. _~Metal, metallic~, _chik'-a-min. _~Middle, the~, _kat'-suk, _ or _kot'-suk. _~Midnight~, _sit'-kum po'-lak-lie. _~Milk~, _to-toosh'. _~Mill~, _moo'-la. _~Mind, the~, _tum'-tum. _~Miss, to~, _tsee'-pie. _~Mistake, to~, _tsee'-pie. _~Moccasins~, _skin-shoes. _~Molasses~, _mel-ass'. _~Money~, _chik'-a-min. _~Month~, _moon. _~Moon~, _moon. _~More~, _weght. _~Mosquito~, _mel'-a-kwa. _~Mother~, _mama; na'-ah. _~Mountain~, _la mon'-ti. _~Mouse~, _hool'-hool. _~Mouth~, _la boos. _~Much~, _hy-iu'. _~Mule~, _le mel. _~Musical Instrument~, _tin'-tin. _~Musket~, _musket. _~Mussels~, _to'-luks. _~My, mine~, _ni'-ka. _

~N. ~

~Nails~, _le cloo. _~Name~, _nem; yah-hul. _~Near~, _wake si-áh. _~Neck~, _le cou. _~Needle~, _keep'-wot. _~New~, _chee. _~Night~, _po'-lak-lie. _~Nine~, _kwaist, _ or _kweest. _~No, not~, _wake. _~Noise~, _la tlah. _~None~, _ha'-lo. _~Nonsense~, _cul'-tus wau'-wau. _~Noon~, _sit-kum sun. _~Nose~, _nose. _~Notwithstanding~, _kégh-tchie. _~Now~, _al'-ta. _~Numerals--~ 1, _ikt. _ 2, _mokst. _ 3, _klone. _ 4, _lakit. _ 5, _kwinnum. _ 6, _taghum. _ 7, _sinnamokst. _ 8, _stotekin. _ 9, _kwaist. _ 10, _tahtlelum. _ 11, _tahtlelum pe ikt_ 20, _mokst tahtlelum. _ 100, _ikt takarnonuk. _~Nuts~, _tuk'-wil-la. _

~O. ~

~Oak~, _kull stick. _~Oar~, _la lahm; la lum. _~Oats~, _la wen. _~Off~, _klak. _~Off shore~, _máht-lin-nie_~Oil~, _glease. _~Old~, _o'-le-man. _~Old man~, _o'-le-man. _~Old woman~, _lam'-mi-eh. _~One~, _ikt. _~One-eyed~, _ikt se-áh-host. _~Open~, _háh-lakl. _~Opposite to~, _in'-a-ti. _~Or~, _pe. _~Order, to~, _mahsh tum'-tum. _~Other~, _hul-o'-i-ma. _~Otter~ (land), _ne-mam'-ooks. _~Our~, _ne-si'-ka. _~Out doors~, _klágh-a-nie. _~Ox~, _moos'-moos. _~Oyster~, _chet'-lo, _ or _jet'-lo; klógh-klogh. _

~P. ~

~Paddle, a~, _is'-ick. _~Paddle, to~, _mam'-ook is'-ick. _~Paint~, _pent. _~Paint, to~, _mam'-ook pent. _~Paper~, _péh-pah. _~Peas~, _le pwau. _~People~, _til'-i-kum. _~Perhaps~, _klo-nas'. _~Petticoat~, _kal-a-kwah'-tie. _~Piebald~, _le kye. _~Pin~, _kwek'-wi-ens. _~Pipe~, _la peep. _~Pitch~, _la gome. _~Plate~, _la si-et'. _~Pleased~, _youtl. _~Plough~, _le shal-loo'. _~Plough, to~, _klugh il'-la-hie. _~Pole~, _la pehsh. _~Poor~, _kla-how'-yum; ha'-lo ik'-ta. _~Pork~, _co'-sho. _~Posteriors~, _o'-poots. _~Potato~, _wap'-pa-too. _~Pour, to~, _wagh. _~Powder~, _po'-lal-lie. _~Prairie wolf~, _tal'-a-pus. _~Presently~, _al'-kie; win'-a-pie_~Pretty~, _to'ke-tie. _~Priest~, _le plet. _~Proud~, _youtl; kwetl'h. _~Provided that~, _spose. _~Pull~, _haul. _

~Q. ~

~Quarter~, _ten'-as sit'-kum. _~Quarter~ (of a dollar), _kwah-ta. _~Quick~, _hy-ak'. _~Quills~, _te-péh. _

~R. ~

~Rabbit~, _kwit'-shad-ie. _~Rain~, _snass. _~Rattle~, _shugh. _~Rattlesnake~, _shugho'-pools. _~Razor fish~, _o'-na. _~Reach~, _ko. _~Red~, _pil. _~Relate, to~, _yi'-em. _~Return, to~, _kel'-i-pi. _~Ribbon~, _le lo'-ba. _~Rice~, _lice. _~Rifle~, _cal'-li-peen. _~Ring, a~, _kwéo-kwéo. _~Ripe~, _pi'-ah. _~River~, _chuck. _~Road~, _way'-hut. _~Roan colored~, _san'-de-lie. _~Roast~, _mam'-ook la pel-lah'. _~Rock~, _stone. _~Rope~, _lope. _~Rotten~, _poo'-lie. _~Round~, _lo'-lo. _~Rudder~, _boat o'-poots. _~Rum~, _lum. _

~S. ~

~Sack~, _le sak. _~Saddle~, _la sell. _~Saddle housings~, _le pish'-e-mo. _~Sail~, _sail. _~Sailor~, _ship'-man. _~Salmon~, _salmon. _~Salt~, _salt. _~Sand~, _po'-lal-lie. _~Sash~, _la san-jel'. _~Saw~, _la gwin; la scie. _~Say, to~, _wau'-wau. _~Scissors~, _le see'-zo. _~Sea~, _salt-chuck. _~Seal~, _ol'-hi-yu si'-wash co'-sho. _~See, to~, _nan'-itsh. _~Sell, to~, _máh-kook. _~Seven~, _sin'-a-moxt. _~Sew, to~, _mam'-ook tip'-shin. _~Shake, to~, _to-to; hul'-lel. _~Shame~, _shem. _~Sharp~, _yáh-kis-ilt'h. _~Sharpen, to~, _mam'-ook tsish. _~She, her~, _yah-ka. _~Sheep~, _le moo'-to. _~Shell money~ (the small size), _coop-coop;_ (the large), _hy-kwa. _~Shingle~, _le-báh-do. _~Shining~, _to-wágh. _~Ship~, _ship. _~Shirt~, _shut. _~Shoes~, _shoes. _~Shoot, to~, _mam'-ook poo. _~Short~, _yútes-kut. _~Shot~, _shot; ten'-as le bal. _~Shot pouch~, _ka-li-tan le-sac'; tsole'-pat. _~Shout, to~, _hy'-as wau'-wau. _~Shovel~, _la pell. _~Shut, to~, _ik-poo'-ie. _~Sick~, _sick. _~Sift, to~, _to-to. _~Silk~, _la sway. _~Silver~, _t'kope chik'-a-min. _~Similar~, _káh-kwa. _~Since~, _kim-ta. _~Sing, to~, _shan'-tie. _~Sister~, _káhp-ho, _ if older than the speaker; _ats, _ if younger. ~Sit, to~, _mit'-lite. _~Six~, _tógh-um. _~Skin~, _skin. _~Skunk~, _hum o'-poots; piu'-piu; skub'-e-you. _~Sky~, _koo'-sagh. _~Slave~, _e-li'-te; mist'-shi-mus. _~Sleep~, _moo'-sum. _~Slowly~, _kláh-wa. _~Small~, _ten'-as. _~Smell, a~, _humm. _~Smoke~, _smoke. _~Snake~, _o'-luk. _~Snow~, _snow; cole snass. _~Soap~, _soap. _~Soft~, _klim'-min. _~Sorrel colored~, a sorrel horse, _le blau. _~Sorry~, _sick tum'-tum. _~Sour~, _kwates. _~Spade~, _la pell. _~Speak, to~, _wau'-wau. _~Spill, to~, _wagh. _~Spirits~, _lum. _~Split~, _tsugh. _~Split, to~, _mam'-ook tsugh. _~Spectacles~, _dol'-la se-ágh-ost, _ or _lak-it se-agh-ost. _~Spit, to~, _mam'-ook toh. _~Split, to become~, _cháh-ko tsugh. _~Spoon~, _spoon. _~Spotted~, _le kye; tzum. _~Spurs~, _le see'-blo. _~Squirrel~, _skwis'-kwis. _~Stab, to~, _klem'-a-hun. _~Stand, to~, _mit'-whit. _~Stars~, _tsil'-tsil. _~Stay, to~, _mit'-lite. _~Steal, to~, _kap-su-al-la. _~Steam~, _smoke. _~Steamer~, _pi'-ah ship. _~Stick, a~, _stick. _~Stink, a~, _piú-piú; humm. _~Stirrup~, _sit'-lay. _~Stockings~, _stock'-en; kush-is'. _~Stone~, _stone. _~Stop, to~, _ko-pet'. _~Store~, _máh-kook house. _~Story~, _eh-káh-nam. _~Straight~, _de-láte, _ or _de-let'; si'-pah. _~Strawberries~, _a-mo'-te. _~Strong~, _skoo'-kum. _~Sturgeon~, _stutch'-un. _~Sugar~, _le sook; shu'-gah; shu'-kwa. _~Summer~, _waum il'-la-hie. _~Sun~, _sun; óte-lagh. _~Sunday~, _sunday. _~Sunset~, _klip sun. _~Suppose~, _spose. _~Swan~, _káh-loke. _~Sweep, to~, _mam'-ook bloom. _~Sweet~, _tsee. _~Swim~, _sit'-shum. _

~T. ~

~Table~, _la tahb. _~Tail~, _o'-poots. _~Take, to~, _is'-kum. _~Take care~! _klose nan'-itsh. _~Take off~, or ~out~, _mam'-ook klak; mahsh. _~Tale~, or ~story~, _yi'-em; eh-káh-nam. _~Talk, to~, _wau'-wau. _~Tame~, _kwass. _~Tea~, _tea. _~Teach, to~, _mam'-ook kum'-tuks. _~Tear, to~, _klugh. _~Teeth~, _le táh. _~Tell, to~, _wau'-wau. _~Ten~, _táht-le-lum. _~Testicles~, _stone. _~Thank you~, _máh-sie. _~That~, _o'-koke. _~That way~, _yáh-wa. _~There~, _yáh-wa; ko-páh. _~They~, _klas'-ka. _~Thick~ (as molasses), _pit'-lilh. _~Thin~ (as a board), _p'chih; pe-what'-tie. _~Thing~, _ik'-tah. _~This~, _o'-koke. _~This way~, _yuk'-wa. _~Thou, thy, thine~, _mi'-ka. _~Thread~, _kla-píte. _~Three~, _klone. _~Throw away~, _mahsh. _~Tide~, see _chuck. _~Tie, to~, _kow. _~Tight~, _kwutl. _~Tinware~, _ma-láh. _~Tip, to~, _lagh. _~Tired~, _till. _~To, towards~, _ko'-pa. _~Tobacco~, _ki'-nootl; ki'-noos. _~To-morrow~, _to-mol'-la. _~Tongue~, _la lang. _~Trail~, _way'-hut. _~Trap~, _la piége. _~Tree~, _stick. _~Tree, fallen~, _whim stick. _~Trot, to~, _téh-teh. _~Trowsers~, _sa-kol'-eks. _~True~, _de-láte. _~Truth~, _de-láte wau'-wau. _~Tub~, _ta-mo'-litsh. _~Twine~, _ten-as lope; kla-píte. _~Two, twice~, _mokst. _

~U. ~

~Uncle~, _tot. _~Under~, _kee'-kwil-lie. _~Understand, to~, _kum'-tuks. _~Unhappy~, _sick tum'-tum. _~Untamed~, _le-mo'-lo. _~Untie, to~, _mam'-ook stoh; mahsh kow. _~Up~, _ságh-a-lie. _~Upset, to~, _kel'-i-pi. _~Us~, _ne-si'-ka. _

~V. ~

~Venereal, the~, _pi'-ah sick. _~Venison~, _mow'-itsh. _~Very~, _hy-as'. _~Vessel~, _ship. _~Vest~, _la west. _~Vomit, to~, _wagh. _

~W. ~

~Wagon~, _tsik'-tsik; chik'-chik. _~Wander, to~, _tso'-lo. _~Want, to~, _tik-égh. _~Warm~, _waum. _~Wash, to~, _mam'-ook wash. _~Watch, a~, _tik'-tik. _~Water~, _chuck. _~Waterfall~, _tum'-water. _~We~, _ne-si'-ka. _~Weigh, to~, _mam'-ook till. _~Wet~, _pahtl chuck. _~Whale~, _eh'-ko-lie; kwáh-nice, kwad'-dis. _~What~, _ik'-tah. _~Wheat~, _sap'-o-lill. _~Wheel~, _tsik'-tsik; chik'-chik. _~When~, _kan'-sih; kun-juk. _~Where~, _kah. _~Whip~, _le whet. _~White~, _t'kope. _~Who~, _klak'-sta. _~Whole~, _lo'-lo. _~Why~, _káh-ta. _~Wicked~, _me-sáh-chie. _~Wide~, _kluk-ulh'. _~Wild~, _le mo'-lo. _~Will, the~, _tum'-tum. _~Willow~, _ee'-na stick. _~Win, to~, _to'-lo. _~Wind~, _wind. _~Winter~, _cole il'-la-hie. _~Wipe, to~, _klak'-wun. _~Wire~, _chik'-a-min lope. _~Wish, to~, _tik-égh. _~With~, _ko'-pa. _~Without~, _ha'-lo. _~Wolf~, _le-loo'. _~Woman~, _klootsh'-man. _~Woman~ (old), _lam'-mi-eh. _~Wood, wooden~, _stick. _~Work, to~, _mam'-ook. _~Worn out~, _o'-le-man. _~Worthless~, _cul'-tus. _~Wound, to~, _klem'-a-hun. _~Write, to~, _mam'-ook péh-pah; mam'-ook tzum. _~Writing~, _tzum. _

~Y. ~

~Year~, _ikt cole. _~Yellow~, _kaw'-ka-wak. _~Yes~, _áh-ha; e-éh. _~Yes indeed~, _na-wit'-ka. _~Yesterday~, _táhl-kie; táhl-kie sun. _~You, your, yours~, _me-si'-ka. _~Young~, _ten'-as. _

THE LORD'S PRAYER IN JARGON. 

Nesika papa klaksta mitlite kopa saghalie, kloshe kopa nesika Our father who stayeth in the above, good in our

tumtum mika nem; kloshe mika tyee kopa konaway tilikum;hearts (be) thy name; good thou chief among all people;

kloshe mika tumtum kopa illahie, kahkwa kopa saghalie. Potlatchgood thy will upon earth as in the above. Give

konaway sun nesika muckamuck. Spose nesika mamook masahchie, every day our food. If we do ill, wake mika hyas solleks, pe spose klaksta masahchie kopa(be) not thou very angry, and if any one evil towards

nesika, wake nesika solleks kopa klaska. Mahsh siah kopa us not we angry towards them. Send away far from

nesaika konaway masahchie. Us all evil. 

Kloshe kahkwa.