HARDY ORNAMENTALFLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS. 

By

A. D. WEBSTER, _Author of "Practical Forestry, " "Hardy Coniferous Trees, ""British Orchids, " &c. , &c. _

1897. 

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION, 1893. 

This book has been written and is published with the distinct objectin view of bringing home to the minds of planters of Hardy Trees andShrubs, the fact that the monotonous repetition, in at least nine-tenthsof our Parks and Gardens, of such Trees as the Elm, the Lime, and theOak, and such Shrubs as the Cherry Laurel and the Privet, is neithernecessary nor desirable. There is quite a host of choice and beautifulflowering species, which, though at present not generally known are yetperfectly hardy, of the simplest culture, and equally well adapted forthe ornamentation of our Public and Private Parks and Gardens. 

Of late years, with the marked decline in the cultivation of ConiferousTrees, many of which are ill adapted for the climate of this country, the interest in our lovely flowering Trees and Shrubs has been greatlyrevived. This fact has been well exemplified in the numerous enquiriesafter these subjects, and the space devoted to their description andmodes of cultivation in the Horticultural Press. 

In the hope, too, of helping to establish a much-desired standard ofnomenclature, I have followed the generic names adopted by the authorsof _The Genera Plantarum_, and the specific names and orthography, asfar as I have been able, of the _Index Kewensis_; and where possibleI have given the synonyms, the date of introduction, and the nativecountry. The alphabetical arrangement that has been adopted, both withregard to the genera and species, it is hoped, will greatly facilitatethe work of reference to its pages. The descriptive notes and hints oncultivation, the selected lists of Trees and Shrubs for various specialpurposes, and the calendarial list which indicates the flowering seasonof the different species, may be considered all the more valuable forbeing concisely written, and made readily accessible by means of theIndex. 

No work written on a similar plan and treating solely of HardyOrnamental Flowering Trees and Shrubs has hitherto been published;and it is not supposed for a moment that the present one will entirelysupply the deficiency; but should it meet with any measure of publicapproval, it may be the means of paving the way towards the publicationof a more elaborate work--and one altogether more worthy of theinteresting and beautiful Flowering Trees and Shrubs that have beenfound suitable for planting in the climate of the British Isles. 

Of the fully thirteen hundred species and varieties of Trees and Shrubsenumerated, all may be depended upon as being hardy in some part of thecountry. Several of them, and particularly those introduced from Chinaand Japan, have not before been included in a book of this character. Trials for the special purpose of testing the hardiness of the moretender kinds have been instituted and carried out in several favouredparts of England and Ireland. 

A. D. W. HOLLYDALE, WOBURN. 

PREFACE TO SECOND AND CHEAP EDITION, 1897. 

The First Edition of Hardy Ornamental Flowering Trees and Shrubs havingbeen sold out, it has been considered desirable to run off a second andcheap edition on exactly similar lines to the first, and previous to themore elaborate illustrated edition which is now in hand. 

A. D. W. BOXMOOR, HERTS, 1897. 

HARDY ORNAMENTAL FLOWERING TREES & SHRUBS. 

ABELIA. 

ABELIA CHINENSIS (_syn A. Rupestris_). --The Rock Abelia China, 1844. This is a neat, twiggy shrub, growing from 2 ft. To 3 ft. High, withslender shoots, and very pleasing, shining green serrated leaves. Thetubular, sweet-scented flowers are produced in clusters at the ends ofthe shoots, even the smallest, and are of a very delicate shade ofpink--indeed, almost white. It makes an excellent wall plant, but byno means refuses to grow and flower freely without either shelter orprotection, provided a fairly rich and well drained soil is provided. From August to October is the flowering period of this handsomedeciduous shrub. This is the only really hardy species of the genus, for though the rosy-purple flowered A. Floribunda from Mexico has stoodfor several years uninjured in the South of England, it is not to berelied upon. Both species are readily propagated from cuttings. 

A. TRIFLORA. --Himalayan regions, 1847. A half-hardy and beautifulspecies with small lanceolate, entire leaves, and pretty star-shapedflowers that are white and flushed with pink. The long, narrow, andhairy calyx-lobes give a light and feathery appearance to the flowers, which are produced continuously from May to November. It does best as awall plant, and several beautiful examples may be seen in and aroundLondon, as also at Exeter, and in the South of Ireland. 

ADENOCARPUS. 

ADENOCARPUS DECORTICANS (_syn A. Boissieri_). --Spain, 1883. This littleknown hardy shrub, a native of the Sierra Nevada mountains, in Spain, isone of great beauty, and well worthy of extended culture. The flowersare produced abundantly, and are of a bright yellow colour, resemblingthose of our common Broom, to which family it is nearly allied. Peatysoil suits it well, and repeated trials have clearly proved that it ishardy, at least in the South of England. 

AESCULUS. 

AESCULUS CALIFORNICA (_syn Pavia californica_). --California. This isone of the handsomest species, of low, spreading habit, and bloomingfreely about midsummer. 

AE. GLABRA (_syn Ae. Rubicunda_). --Red-flowered Horse Chestnut. NorthAmerica, 1820. If only for its neat and moderate growth, and attractivespikes of brightly-coloured flowers, this species must be considered asone of the handsomest and most valuable of small growing trees. Beingof moderate size, for we rarely meet with specimens of greater heightthan 30 feet, and of very compact habit, it is rendered peculiarlysuitable for planting in confined spots, and where larger growing andmore straggling subjects would be out of place. It withstands soot andsmoke well, and is therefore much valued for suburban planting. Thelong spikes of pretty red flowers are usually produced in greatabundance, and as they stand well above the foliage, and are of firmlasting substance, they have a most pleasing and attractive appearance. As there are numerous forms of the red-flowered Horse Chestnut, differing much in the depth of flower colouring, it may be well to warnplanters, for some of these have but a faint tinge of pink overlying adirty yellowish-green groundwork, while the finest and most desirabletree has the flowers of a decided pinky-red. There is a double-floweredvariety Ae. Glabra flore-pleno (_syn Ae. Rubicunda flore-pleno_) andone of particular merit named Ae. Rubicunda Briotii. 

AE. HIPPOCASTANUM. --The Common Horse Chestnut. Asia, 1629. A finehardy free-flowering tree, supposed to have been introduced from Asia, and of which there are several varieties, including a double-flowered, a variegated, and several lobed and cut-leaved forms. The tree needsno description, the spikes of pinky-white flowers, which are producedin great abundance, and ample foliage rendering it one of, if not thehandsomest tree of our acquaintance. It gives a pleasing shade, andforms an imposing and picturesque object in the landscape, especiallywhere the conditions of soil--a rich free loam--are provided. Ae. Hippocastanum alba flore-pleno (the double white Horse Chestnut), hasa decidedly pyramidal habit of growth, and the flowers, which arelarger than those of the species, are perfectly double. It is a verydistinct and desirable large growing tree. Ae. Hippocastanum laciniataand Ae. Hippocastanum digitalis are valuable for their divided leaves;while Ae. Hippocastanum foliis variegatis has the foliage ratherirregularly variegated. 

AE. PARVIFLORA (_syn Pavia macrostachya_). --Buckeye. North America, 1820. This is very distinct, and possesses feature which are shared byno other hardy tree or shrub in cultivation. Rarely exceeding 12 feetin height, and with a spread of often as much as 20 feet, this shrubforms a perfect hemisphere of foliage, and which, when tipped with thepretty fragrant flowers, renders it one of the most effective andhandsome. The foliage is large, and resembles that of the common HorseChestnut, while the pure white flowers, with their long projectingstamens and red-tipped anthers, are very pretty and imposing when attheir best in July. It succeeds well in rich, dampish loam, and as ashrub for standing alone in any conspicuous position it has, indeed, few equals. 

AE. PAVIA (_syn Pavia rubra_). --Red Buckeye. North America, 1711. Asmall growing and slender-branched tree or shrub, which bears anabundance of brownish-scarlet flowers. There are several goodvarieties, two of the best being Ae. Pavia atrosanguinea, and Ae. Pavia Whittleyana, with small, brilliant red flowers. 

There are several other species, such as Ae. Pavia humilis (_syn Paviahumilis_) of trailing habit; Ae. Flava (_syn Pavia flava_) bearingpretty yellow flowers; Ae. Pavia macrocarpa (_syn Pavia macrocarpa_)an open-headed and graceful tree; Ae. Flava discolor (_syn Paviadiscolor_); and Ae. Chinensis; but they have not been found veryamenable to cultivation, except in very favoured parts of the South ofEngland and Ireland. 

AILANTHUS. 

AILANTHUS GLANDULOSA. --Tree of Heaven. China, 1751. A handsome, fast-growing tree, with large pinnate leaves that are often fullythree feet long, and terminal erect clusters of not very showygreenish-white flowers that exhale a rather disagreeable odour. It isone of the most distinct and imposing of pinnate-leaved trees, andforms a neat specimen for the lawn or park. Light loam or a gravellysubsoil suits it well. 

AKEBIA. 

AKEBIA QUINATA. --Chinese Akebia. China, 1845. This, with itspeculiarly-formed and curiously-coloured flowers, though usuallytreated as a cool greenhouse plant, is yet sufficiently hardy to growand flower well in many of the southern and western English counties, where it has stood uninjured for many years. It is a pretty twiningevergreen, with the leaves placed on long slender petioles, andpalmately divided into usually five leaflets. The sweet-scentedflowers, particularly so in the evening, are of a purplish-brown orscarlet-purple, and produced in axillary racemes of from ten to adozen in each. For covering trellis-work, using as a wall plant, or toclamber over some loose-growing specimen shrub, from which a slightprotection will also be afforded, the Akebia is peculiarly suitable, and soon ascends to a height of 10 feet or 12 feet. Any ordinarygarden soil suits it, and propagation by cuttings is readily affected. 

AMELANCHIER. 

AMELANCHIER ALNIFOLIA. --Dwarf June Berry. N. W. America, 1888. Thisis a shrub of great beauty, growing about 8 feet high, and a native ofthe mountains from British America to California. This differs from A. Canadensis in having much larger and more brilliant-tinted fruit, andin its shorter and more compact flower racemes. The shape of theleaves cannot be depended on as a point of recognition, those beforeme, collected in the native habitat of the plant, differing to a wideextent in size and shape, some being coarsely serrated while othersare almost entire. 

A. CANADENSIS. --June Berry. Canada, 1746. Unquestionably this is oneof the most beautiful and showy of early flowering trees. During themonth of April the profusion of snow-white flowers, with which evenyoung specimens are mantled, render the plant conspicuous for a longway off, while in autumn the golden yellow of the dying-off foliage isquite as remarkable. Being perfectly hardy, of free growth, and withno particular desire for certain classes of soils, the June Berryshould be widely planted for ornamental effect. In this country itattains to a height of 40 feet, and bears globose crimson fruit. Thereare several varieties, including A. Canadensis rotundifolia, A. Canadensis oblongifolia, and A. Canadensis oligocarpa, the latterbeing by some botanists ranked as a species. 

A. VULGARIS. --Common Amelanchier. South of Europe, 1596. This is theonly European species, and grows about 16 feet in height. It has beenin cultivation in this country for nearly 300 years. Generally thisspecies flowers earlier than the American ones, has rounder and lessdeeply serrated leaves, but the flowers are much alike. A. Vulgariscretica, from Crete and Dalmatia, is readily distinguished by the softwhite hairs with which the under sides of the leaves are thicklycovered. To successfully cultivate the Amelanchiers a good rich soilis a necessity, while shelter from cutting winds must be afforded ifthe sheets of flowers are to be seen in their best form. 

AMORPHA. 

AMORPHA CANESCENS. --Lead Plant. Missouri, 1812. This is of muchsmaller growth than A. Fruticosa, with neat pinnate foliage, whitenedwith hoary down, and bearing panicles of bluish-purple flowers, withconspicuous orange anthers. It is a charming shrub, and all the morevaluable as it flowers at the end of summer, when few hardy plants arein bloom. To grow it satisfactorily a dry, sandy soil is a necessity. 

A. FRUTICOSA. --False Indigo. Carolina, 1724. This is a fast growingshrub of fully 6 feet high, of loose, upright habit, and with prettypinnate leaves. The flowers are borne in densely packed spikes, andare of a purplish tint with bright yellow protruding anthers andproduced at the end of summer. It prefers a dry, warm soil of a sandyor chalky nature, and may readily be increased from cuttings orsuckers, the latter being freely produced. Hard cutting back when fullsize has been attained would seem to throw fresh vigour into theAmorpha, and the flowering is greatly enhanced by such a mode oftreatment. A native of Carolina, and perfectly hardy in most parts ofthe country. Of this species there are several varieties, amongstothers, A. Fruticosa nana, a dwarf, twiggy plant; A. Fruticosadealbata, with lighter green foliage than the type; and othersdiffering only in the size and width of the leaves. 

ANDROMEDA. 

ANDROMEDA POLIFOLIA. --An indigenous shrub of low growth, withlanceolate shining leaves, and pretty globose pinky-white flowers. Ofit there are two varieties. A. Polifolia major and A. Polifoliaangustifolia, both well worthy of culture for their neat habit andpretty flowers. 

See CASSANDRA, CASSIOPE, LEUCOTHOE, OXYDENDRUM, PIERIS, and ZENOBIA. 

ARALIA. 

ARALIA MANDSHURICA (_syn Dimorphanthus mandschuricus_). --Manchuria, 1866. There is not much beauty about this Chinese tree, for it is buta big spiny stake, with no branches, and a tuft of palm-like foliageat the top. The flowers, however, are both large and conspicuous, andimpart to the tree an interesting and novel appearance. They areindividually small, of a creamy-white colour, and produced in long, umbellate racemes, and which when fully developed, from their weightand terminal position, are tilted gracefully to one side. Usually thestem is spiny, with Horse Chestnut-like bark, while the terminal bud, from its large size, as if all the energy of the plant wasconcentrated in the tip, imparts a curious and somewhat ungainlyappearance to the tree. From its curious tropical appearance thisspecies is well worthy of a place in the shrubbery. It is unmindful ofsoil, if that is of at all fair quality, and may be said to beperfectly hardy over the greater part of the country. 

A. SPINOSA. --Angelica Tree. Virginia, 1688. Amongst autumn-floweringshrubs this takes a high place, for in mild seasons it blooms wellinto October. It grows about 12 feet high, with large tri-pinnateleaves, composed of numerous serrulate leaflets. The individualflowers are small and whitish, but being borne in large branchedpanicles have a very imposing appearance. It is of free growth, andproduces suckers abundantly. 

See also FATSIA. 

ARBUTUS. 

ARBUTUS ANDRACHNE. --Levant, 1724. This Mediterranean species is ofstout growth, with narrow Laurel-like leaves, reddish deciduous bark, and greenish-white flowers that are produced freely in May. A hybridform, said to have originated between this species and A. Unedo, partakes in part of the nature of both shrubs, but the flowers arelarger than those of A. Unedo. 

A. MENZIESII (_syn A. Procera_). --Tall Strawberry Tree. North-westAmerica, 1827. This is hardy in many parts of these islands, particularly maritime districts, and is worthy of culture if only forthe large racemose panicles of deliciously-scented white flowers, andpeculiar metallic-green leaves. The fruit is orange-red, and onlyabout half the size of those of our commonly cultivated species. 

A. UNEDO. --Strawberry Tree. Ireland. This is a beautiful evergreenshrub or small-growing tree, sometimes fully 20 feet high, withovate-lanceolate leaves, and clusters of pure white or yellowish-tingedflowers appearing in September and October. The bright scarlet fruit, about the size of and resembling a Strawberry, is highly ornamental, and when borne in quantity imparts to the plant an unusual and veryattractive appearance. Generally speaking, the Arbutus is hardy, although in inland situations it is sometimes killed to the ground insevere winters, but, springing freely from the root, the plant soonbecomes re-established. In a young state it suffers too, but afterbecoming established and a few feet high, the chances of injury aregreatly minimised. Three well-marked varieties are A. Unedo coccineaand A. Unedo rubra, bearing scarlet and deep-red flowers, and A. Unedomicrophylla, with much smaller leaves than those of the parent plant. 

A. UNEDO CROOMEI differs considerably from the former, in havinglarger foliage, larger clusters of reddish-pink flowers, and the barkof the young shoots of an enticing ruddy, or rather brownish-redcolour. It is a very desirable and highly ornamental plant, and onethat is well worthy of extended culture. 

There are several others, to wit A. Photiniaefolia, A. Rollissoni, A. Millerii, with large leaves, and pretty pink flowers, and A. Serratifolia, having deeply serrated leaves. Deep, light loam, if onchalk all the better, and a fairly warm and sheltered situation, wouldseem to suit the Arbutus best. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI. --Bearberry. Britain. A neat shrub of trailinghabit, and with flowers resembling those of the Arbutus, but muchsmaller. The leaves are entire, dark green in colour, and about aninch long, and obovate or oblong in shape. Fruit globular, of a brightred, smooth and shining. This is a native shrub, being found inScotland, northern England and Ireland. 

A. ALPINA. --Black Bearberry. Scotland. This is confined to thenorthern Highlands of Scotland, is of smaller growth, with tootheddeciduous leaves, and small drooping flowers of two or three together. 

ARISTOLOCHIA. 

ARISTOLOCHIA SIPHO. --Dutchman's Pipe. North America, 1763. Alarge-growing, deciduous climbing shrub, remarkable for its amplefoliage, and curiously formed yellow and purple streaked flowers. Anative of North America, it is perfectly hardy in this country, andmakes an excellent wall plant where plenty of space can be affordedfor the rambling branches. What a pity it is that so ornamental aclimber, whose big, dark-green leaves overlap each other as ifintended for keeping a house cool in warm weather, is not moregenerally planted. It does well and grows fast in almost any soil. 

ASIMINA. 

ASIMINA TRILOBA. --Virginian Papaw. Pennsylvania, 1736. This is acurious and uncommon shrub that one rarely sees outside the walls of abotanic garden. The flowers are dark purple or chocolate brown, fully2 inches across, and succeeded by a yellow, oblong, pulpy fruit, thatis relished by the natives, and from which the name of North AmericanCustard Apple has been derived. In this country it is quite at home, growing around London to quite 12 feet in height, but it wants a warm, dry soil, and sunny sheltered situation. As a wall plant it does well. 

AZARA. 

AZARA MICROPHYLLA. --Chili, 1873. This is the only recognised hardyspecies, and probably the best from an ornamental point of view. Inmild seaside districts it may succeed as a standard in the openground, but generally it is cultivated as a wall plant, and for whichit is peculiarly suitable. The small dark green, glossy leaves arethickly arranged on the nearly horizontal branches, while the flowers, if they lack in point of showiness, are deliciously fragrant andplentifully produced. For wall-covering, especially in an easternaspect, it is one of the neatest of shrubs. 

Other species in cultivation are A. Serrata, A. Lanceolata, and A. Integrifolia, but for general planting, and unless under the mostfavoured conditions, they are not to be recommended. The Azaras are byno means particular about the quality of soil in which they areplanted, and succeed well even in stiffish loam, bordering on clay. 

BACCHARIS. 

BACCHARIS HALIMIFOLIA. --Groundsel Tree or Sea Purslane. North America. For seaside planting this is an invaluable shrub, as it succeeds welldown even to high water mark, and where it is almost lashed by thesalt spray. The flowers are not very ornamental, resembling somewhatthose of the Groundsel, but white with a tint of purple. Leavesobovate in shape, notched, and thickly covered with a whitish powder, which imparts to them a pleasing glaucous hue. Any light soil that istolerably dry suits well the wants of this shrub, but it is alwaysseen in best condition by the seaside. Under favourable conditions itattains to a height of 12 feet, with a branch spread nearly as much indiameter. A native of the North American coast from Maryland toFlorida. 

B. PATAGONICA. --Megallan. This is a very distinct and quite hardyspecies, with small deep green leaves and white flowers. It succeedsunder the same conditions as the latter. 

BERBERIDOPSIS. 

BERBERIDOPSIS CORALLINA. --Coral Barberry. Chili, 1862. This handsomeevergreen, half-climbing shrub is certainly not so well known as itsmerits entitle it to be. Unfortunately it is not hardy in every partof the country, though in the southern and western English counties, but especially within the influence of the sea, it succeeds well asa wall plant, and charms us with its globular, waxy, crimson orcoral-red flowers. The spiny-toothed leaves approach very near thoseof some of the Barberries, and with which the plant is nearly allied. It seems to do best in a partially shady situation, and in rich lightloam. 

BERBERIS. 

BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM (_syn Mahonia Aquifolium_). --Holly-leavedBarberry. North America, 1823. This justly ranks as one of thehandsomest, most useful, and easily-cultivated of all hardy shrubs. It will grow almost any where, and in any class of soil, thoughpreferring a fairly rich loam. Growing under favourable conditions toa height of 6 feet, this North American shrub forms a dense mass ofalmost impenetrable foliage. The leaves are large, dark shining green, thickly beset with spines, while the deliciously-scented yellowflowers, which are produced at each branch tip, render the plantparticularly attractive in spring. It is still further valuable bothon account of the rich autumnal tint of the foliage, and pretty plumcolour of the plentifully produced fruit. 

B. AQUIFOLIUM REPENS (_syn Mahonia repens_). --Creeping Barberry. Thisis of altogether smaller growth than the preceding, but otherwise theyseem nearly allied. From its dense, dwarf growth, rising as it rarelydoes more than a foot from the ground, and neat foliage, this Barberryis particularly suitable for edging beds, or forming a low evergreencovering for rocky ground or mounds. 

B. ARISTATA, a native of Nepaul, is a vigorous-growing species, resembling somewhat our native plant, with deeply serrated leaves, brightly tinted bark, and yellow flowers. It is of erect habit, branchy, and in winter is rendered very conspicuous by reason of thebright reddish colour of the leafless branches. 

B. BEALEI (_syn Mahonia Bealli_). --Japan. This species is one of thefirst to appear in bloom, often by the end of January the plant beingthickly studded with flowers. It is a handsome shrub, of erect habit, the leaves of a yellowish-green tint, and furnished with long, spinyteeth. The clusters of racemes of deliciously fragrant yellow flowersare of particular value, being produced so early in the season. 

B. BUXIFOLIA (_syn B. Dulcis_ and _B. Microphylla_). --Straits ofMagellan, 1827. A neat and erect-growing shrub of somewhat stiff andupright habit, and bearing tiny yellow flowers. This is a goodrockwork plant, and being of neat habit, with small purplish leaves, is well worthy of cultivation. 

B. CONGESTIFLORA, from Chili, is not yet well-known, but promises tobecome a general favourite with lovers of hardy shrubs. It is ofunusual appearance for a Barberry, with long, decumbent branches, which are thickly covered with masses of orange-yellow flowers. Thebranch-tips, being almost leafless and smothered with flowers, impartto the plant a striking, but distinctly ornamental appearance. 

B. DARWINII. --Chili, 1849. This is, perhaps, the best known and mostornamental of the family. It forms a dense bush, sometimes 10 feethigh, with dark glossy leaves, and dense racemes of orange-yellowflowers, produced in April and May, and often again in the autumn. 

B. EMPETRIFOLIA. --Straits of Magellan, 1827. This is a neat-habitedand dwarf evergreen species, that even under the best cultivationrarely exceeds 2 feet in height. It is one of the hardiest species, and bears, though rather sparsely, terminal golden-yellow flowers, which are frequently produced both in spring and autumn. For itscompact growth and neat foliage it is alone worthy of culture. 

B. FORTUNEI (_syn Mahonia Fortunei_). --China, 1846. This is rather arare species in cultivation, with finely toothed leaves, composed ofabout seven leaflets, and bearing in abundance clustered racemes ofindividually small yellow flowers. A native of China, and requiring awarm, sunny spot to do it justice. 

B. GRACILIS (_syn Mahonia gracilis_). --Mexico. A pretty, half-hardyspecies, growing about 6 feet high, with slender branches, andshining-green leaves with bright red stalks. Flowers small, in 3-inchlong racemes, deep yellow with bright red pedicels. Fruit globular, deep purple. 

B. ILICIFOLIA (_syn B. Neumanii_). --South America, 1791. This isanother handsome evergreen species from South America, and requiresprotection in this country. The thick, glossy-green leaves, beset withspines, and large orange-red flowers, combine to make this species oneof great interest and beauty. 

B. JAPONICA (_syn Mahonia japonica_). --Japan. This is not a verysatisfactory shrub in these isles, although in warm seaside districts, and when planted in rich loam, on a gravelly subsoil, it forms ahandsome plant with noble foliage, and deliciously fragrant yellowflowers. 

B. NEPALENSIS (_syn Mahonia nepalensis_). --Nepaul Barberry. This is anoble Himalayan species that one rarely sees in good condition in thiscountry, unless when protected by glass. The long, chalky-white stems, often rising to 8 feet in height, are surmounted by dense clusters oflemon-yellow flowers. Planted outdoors, this handsome and partlyevergreen Barberry must have the protection of a wall. 

B. NERVOSA (_syn Mahonia glumacea_). --North America, 1804. This, withits terminal clusters of reddish-yellow flowers produced in spring, isa highly attractive North-west American species. It is of neat andcompact growth, perfectly hardy, but as yet it is rare in cultivation. The autumnal leafage-tint is very attractive. 

B. PINNATA (_syn Mahonia facicularis_). --A native of Mexico, thisspecies is of stout growth, with long leaves, that are thicklyfurnished with sharp spines. The yellow flowers are producedabundantly, and being in large bunches render the plant veryconspicuous. It is, unfortunately, not very hardy, and requires wallprotection to do it justice. 

B. SINENSIS. --China, 1815. This is a really handsome and distinctspecies, with twiggy, deciduous branches, from the undersides of thearching shoots of which the flowers hang in great profusion. They aregreenish-yellow inside, but of a dark brownish-crimson without, whilethe leaves are small and round, and die off crimson in autumn. 

B. STENOPHYLLA, a hybrid between B. Darwinii and B. Empetrifolia, isone of the handsomest forms in cultivation, the wealth ofgolden-yellow flowers being remarkable, as is also the dark purpleberries. It is very hardy, and of the freest growth. 

B. TRIFOLIOLATA (_syn Mahonia trifoliolata_). --Mexico, 1839. This is avery distinct and beautiful Mexican species that will only succeedaround London as a wall plant. It grows about a yard high, with leavesfully 3 inches long, having three terminal sessile leaflets, andslender leaf stalks often 2 inches long. The ternate leaflets are of aglaucous blue colour, marbled with dull green, and very delicatelyveined. Flowers small, bright yellow, and produced in few-floweredaxillary racemes on short peduncles. The berries are small, globular, and light red. 

B. TRIFURCA (_syn Mahonia trifurca_). --China, 1852. This is a shrub ofneat low growth, but it does not appear to be at all plentiful. 

B. VULGARIS. --Common Barberry. This is a native species, with oblongleaves, and terminal, drooping racemes of yellow flowers. It ischiefly valued for the great wealth of orange-scarlet fruit. There aretwo very distinct forms, one bearing silvery and the other blackfruit, and named respectively B. Vulgaris fructo-albo and B. Vulgarisfructo-nigro. 

B. WALLICHIANA (_syn B. Hookeri_). --Nepaul, 1820. This is exceedinglyornamental, whether as regards the foliage, flowers, or fruit. It isof dense, bushy growth, with large, dark green spiny leaves, and anabundance of clusters of clear yellow flowers. The berries are deepviolet-purple, and fully half-an-inch long. Being perfectly hardy andof free growth it is well suited for extensive planting. 

BERCHEMIA. 

BERCHEMIA VOLUBILIS. --Climbing Berchemia. Carolina, 1714. A rarelyseen, deciduous climber, bearing rather inconspicuous greenish-yellowflowers, succeeded by attractive, violet-tinted berries. The foliageis neat and pretty, the individual leaves being ovate in shape andslightly undulated or wavy. It is a twining shrub that in thiscountry, even under favourable circumstances, one rarely seesascending to a greater height than about 12 feet. Sandy peat and ashady site suits it best, and so placed it will soon cover alow-growing tree or bush much in the way that our common Honeysuckledoes. It is propagated from layers or cuttings. 

BIGNONIA. 

BIGNONIA CAPREOLATA--Virginia and other parts of America, 1710. Thisis not so hardy as to be depended upon throughout the countrygenerally, though in the milder parts of England and Ireland itsucceeds well as a wall plant. It is a handsome climbing shrub, withlong, heart-shaped leaves, usually terminating in branched tendrils, and large orange flowers produced singly. 

BILLARDIERA. 

BILLARDIERA LONGIFLORA. --Blue Apple Berry. Van Diemen's Land, 1810. Ifonly for its rich, blue berries, as large as those of a cherry, thisotherwise elegant climbing shrub is well worthy of a far greater shareof attention than it has yet received, for it must be admitted that itis far from common. The greenish bell-shaped blossoms produced in Mayare, perhaps, not very attractive, but this is more than compensatedfor by the highly ornamental fruit, which renders the plant an objectof great beauty about mid-September. Leaves small and narrow, onslender, twining stems, that clothe well the lower half of a gardenwall in some sunny favoured spot. Cuttings root freely if inserted insharp sand and placed in slight heat, while seeds germinate quickly. 

BRYANTHUS. 

BRYANTHUS ERECTUS. --Siberia. This is a pretty little Ericaceous plant, nearly allied to Menziesia, and with a plentiful supply of dark-greenleaves. The flowers, which are borne in crowded clusters at the pointsof the shoots, are bell-shaped, and of a pleasing reddish-lilac colour. It wants a cool, moist peaty soil, and is perfectly hardy. When in aflowering stage the Bryanthus is one of the brightest occupants of thepeat bed, and is a very suitable companion for such dwarf plants as the Heaths, Menziesias, and smaller growing Kalmias. 

B. EMPETRIFORMIS (_syn Menziesia empetrifolia_). --North America, 1829. This is a compact, neat species, and well suited for alpine gardening. The flowers are rosy-purple, and produced abundantly. 

BUDDLEIA. 

BUDDLEIA GLOBOSA. --Orange Ball Tree. Chili, 1774. A shrubby species, ranging in height from 12 feet to 20 feet, and the only one at allcommon in gardens. Favoured spots in Southern England would seem tosuit the plant fairly well, but to see it at its best one must visitsome of the maritime gardens of North Wales, where it grows stout andstrong, and flowers with amazing luxuriance. Where it thrives it mustbe ranked amongst the most beautiful of wall plants, for few, indeed, are the standard specimens that are to be met with, the protectionafforded by a wall being almost a necessity in its cultivation. Theleaves are linear-lanceolate, and covered with a dense silverytomentum on the under side, somewhat rugose above, and partiallydeciduous. Flowers in small globular heads, bright orange or yellow, and being plentifully produced are very showy in early summer. Itsucceeds well in rich moist loam on gravel. 

B. LINDLEYANA. --China, 1844. This has purplish-red flowers and angulartwigs, but it cannot be relied upon unless in very sheltered and mildparts of the country. 

B. PANICULATA (_syn B. Crispa_). --Nepaul, 1823. This may at once bedistinguished by its curly, woolly leaves, and fragrant lilac flowers. It is a desirable species, but suffers from our climate. 

BUPLEURUM. 

BUPLEURUM FRUTICOSUM. --Hare's Ear. South Europe, 1596. A small-growing, branching shrub, with obovate-lanceolate leaves, and compound umbelsof yellowish flowers. It is more curious than beautiful. 

CAESALPINIA. 

CAESALPINIA SEPIARIA (_syn C. Japonica_). --India, 1857. This is as yeta comparatively little known shrub, but one that from its beauty andhardihood is sure to become a general favourite. Planted out in alight, sandy, peaty soil, and where fully exposed, this shrub has donewell, and proved itself a suitable subject for the climate of Englandat least. The hard prickles with which both stem and branches areprovided renders the shrub of rather formidable appearance, while theleaves are of a peculiarly pleasing soft-green tint. For the flowers, too, it is well worthy of attention, the pinky anthers contrasting somarkedly with the deep yellow of the other portions of the flower. They are arranged in long racemes, and show well above the foliage. 

CALLUNA. 

CALLUNA VULGARIS (_syn Erica vulgaris_). --Common Ling on Heather. Thisis the commonest native species, with purplish-pink flowers on smallpedicels. There are many very distinct and beautiful-flowering forms, the following being some of the best: C. Vulgaris alba, white-flowered;C. Vulgaris Hammondi, C. Vulgaris minor, and C. Vulgaris pilosa, allwhite-flowered forms; C. Vulgaris Alportii, and C. Vulgaris Alportiivariegata, the former bearing rich crimson flowers, and the latter withdistinctly variegated foliage; C. Vulgaris argentea, and C. Vulgarisaurea, with silvery-variegated and golden foliage; C. Vulgarisflore-pleno, a most beautiful and free-growing variety, with doubleflowers; C. Vulgaris Foxii, a dwarf plant that does not flower freely;and C. Vulgaris pumila, and C. Vulgaris dumosa, which are of smallcushion-like growth. 

CALOPHACA. 

CALOPHACA WOLGARICA. --Siberia, 1786. This member of the Pea family isof dwarf, branching growth, thickly clothed with glandular hairs, andbears yellow flowers, succeeded by reddish-purple pods. It is of nospecial importance as an ornamental shrub, and is most frequently seengrafted on the Laburnum, though its natural easy habit of growth is farpreferable. Hailing from Siberia, it may be considered as fairly hardyat least. 

CALYCANTHUS. 

CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS. --Carolina Allspice. Carolina, 1726. If onlyfor the purplish-red, pleasantly-scented flowers, this North Americanshrub is worthy of extensive culture. The hardiness, accommodatingnature, and delicious perfume of its brightly-coloured flowers renderthis shrub one of the choicest subjects for the shrubbery or edgesof the woodland path. It is of easy though compact growth, reachingin favourable situations a height of 12 feet, and with ovate leavesthat are slightly pubescent. Growing best in good fairly moist loam, where partial shade is afforded, the sides of woodland drives andpaths will suit this Allspice well; but it wants plenty of room forbranch-development. There are several nursery forms of this shrub, such as C. Floridus glaucus, C. Floridus asplenifolia, and C. Floridusnanus, all probably distinct enough, but of no superior ornamentalvalue to the parent plant. 

C. OCCIDENTALIS. --Californian or Western Allspice. California, 1831. This is larger in all its parts than the former, and for decorativepurposes is even preferable to that species. The flowers are darkcrimson, and nearly twice as large as those of C. Floridus, but rathermore sparsely produced. This is a very distinct and desirable species, and one that can be recommended for lawn and park planting, but, likethe former, it delights to grow in a rather moist and shady situation. 

CARAGANA. 

CARAGANA ARBORESCENS. --Siberian Pea Tree. Siberia, 1752. On accountof its great hardihood, this is a very desirable garden shrub orsmall-growing tree. The bright-yellow, pea-shaped flowers are veryattractive, while the deep-green, pinnate foliage imparts to the tree asomewhat unusual but taking appearance. Soil would not seem to be ofmuch moment in the cultivation of this, as, indeed, the other speciesof Caragana, for it thrives well either on dry, sunny banks, where thesoil is light and thin, or in good stiff, yellow loam. 

C. FRUTESCENS. --Siberia, 1852. Flowers in May, and is of partiallyupright habit; while C. Chamlagii, from China, has greenish-yellowflowers, faintly tinted with pinky-purple. 

C. MICROPHYLLA (_syn C. Altagana_), also from Siberia, is smaller ofgrowth than the foregoing, but the flowers are individually larger. Itis readily distinguished by the more numerous and hairy leaflets andthorny nature. 

C. SPINOSA. --Siberia, 1775. This, as the name indicates, is of spinygrowth, and is a beautiful and distinct member of the family. They areall hardy, and readily propagated from seed. 

CARDIANDRA. 

CARDIANDRA ALTERNIFOLIA. --Japan, 1866. With its neat habit, and prettypurple-and-white, plentifully-produced flowers, this is worthy of thesmall amount of care and coddling required to insure its growth in thiscountry. Hailing from Japan, it cannot be reckoned as very hardy, buttreated as a wall plant this pretty evergreen does well and flowersfreely. It can, however, be said that it is equally hardy with someof the finer kinds of Hydrangea, to which genus it is nearly allied. 

CARPENTERIA. 

CARPENTERIA CALIFORNICA. --Sierra Nevada, California, 1880. This isundoubtedly one of the most distinct and beautiful of hardy shrubs. That it is perfectly hardy in England and Ireland recently-conductedexperiments conclusively prove, as plants have stood unprotectedthrough the past unusually severe winters with which this country hasbeen visited. When in full bloom the pure-white flowers, resemblingthose of the Japanese Anemone, render it of great beauty, while thelight gray leaves are of themselves sufficient to make the shrub one ofparticular attraction. The Carpenteria is nearly related to the MockOrange (Philadelphus), grows about 10 feet in height, with lithe andslender branches, and light gray leaves. The flowers, which are purewhite with a bunch of yellow stamens, and sweet-scented, are producedusually in fives at the branch-tips, and contrast markedly with thelong and light green foliage. It grows and flowers with freedom almostanywhere, but is all the better for wall protection. From cuttings orsuckers it is readily increased. 

CARYOPTERIS. 

CARYOPTERIS MASTACANTHUS. --China and Japan, 1844. This is a neat-growingChinese shrub, and of value for its pretty flowers that are producedlate in the autumn. It must be ranked as fairly hardy, having stoodthrough the winters of Southern England unprotected; but it is just aswell to give so choice a shrub the slight protection afforded by awall. The leaves are neat, thickly-arranged, and hoary, while the wholeplant is twiggy and of strict though by no means formal growth. Flowerslavender-blue, borne at the tips of the shoots, and appearing insuccession for a considerable length of time. Light, sandy peat wouldseem to suit it well, at least in such it grows and flowers freely. 

CASSANDRA. 

CASSANDRA CALYCULATA (_syn Andromeda calyculata_). --North America, 1748. This is a handsome species from the Virginian swamps, but onethat is rarely seen in a very satisfactory condition in this country. It grows about 18 inches high, with lanceolate dull-green leaves, andpretty pinky-white flowers, individually large and produced abundantly. For the banks of a pond or lake it is a capital shrub and veryeffective, particularly if massed in groups of from a dozen to twentyplants in each. There are several nursery forms, of which A. Calyculataminor is the best and most distinct. 

CASSINIA. 

CASSINIA FULVIDA (_syn Diplopappus chrysophyllus_). --New Zealand. Thisis a neat-growing and beautiful shrub, the rich yellow stems and undersides of the leaves imparting quite a tint of gold to the whole plant. The flowers are individually small, but the whole head, which iscreamy-white, is very effective, and contrasts strangely with thegolden sheen of this beautiful shrub. It is inclined to be of ratherupright growth, is stout and bushy, and is readily increased fromcuttings planted in sandy soil in the open border. Probably in thecolder parts of the country this charming shrub might not proveperfectly hardy, but all over England and Ireland it seems to be quiteat home. The flowers are produced for several months of the year, butare at their best about mid-November, thus rendering the shrub of stillfurther value. It grows freely in sandy peaty soil of a light nature. 

CASSIOPE. 

CASSIOPE FASTIGIATA (_syn Andromeda fastigiata_) and C. TETRAGONA (_synAndromeda tetragona_) are small-growing species, only suitable for rockgardening--the former of neat upright habit, with large pinky-whitebells all along the stems; and the latter of bushy growth, with squarestems and small white flowers. 

CASTANEA. 

CASTANEA SATIVA (_syn C. Vesca_ and _C. Vulgaris_). --Sweet SpanishChestnut. Asia Minor. Few persons who have seen this tree as anisolated specimen and when in full flower would feel inclined toexclude it from our list. The long, cylindrical catkins, of ayellowish-green colour, are usually borne in such abundance that thetree is, during the month of June, one of particular interest andbeauty. So common a tree needs no description, but it may be well tomention that there are several worthy varieties, and which floweralmost equally well with the parent tree. 

CATALPA. 

CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES. --Indian Bean. North America, 1798. When infull bloom this is a remarkable and highly ornamental tree, thecuriously-marked flowers and unusually large, bronzy-tinted foliagebeing distinct from those of almost any other in cultivation. That itis not, perhaps, perfectly hardy in every part of the country is to beregretted, but the numerous fine old specimens that are to be met withall over the country point out that there need be little to fear whenassigning this pretty and uncommon tree a position in our parks andgardens. The flowers, produced in spikes at the branch-tips, are white, tinged with violet and speckled with purple and yellow in the throat. Individually the flowers are of large size and very ornamental, and, being produced freely, give the tree a bright and pleasing appearancewhen at their best. Usually the tree attains to a height of 30 feet inthis country, with rather crooked and ungainly branches, and largeheart-shaped leaves that are downy beneath. It flourishes well on anyfree soil, and is an excellent smoke-resisting tree. C. Bignonioidesaurea is a decided variety, that differs mainly in the leaves being ofa desirable golden tint. 

C. BUNGEI and C. KAEMPFERI, natives of China and Japan, are hardlyto be relied upon, being of tender growth, and, unless in the mostfavoured situations, suffer from our severe winters. They resemble ourcommonly cultivated tree. 

C. SPECIOSA. --United States, 1879. The Western Catalpa is more erectand taller of growth than C. Bignonioides. The flowers too are larger, and of purer white, and with the throat markings of purple and yellowmore distinct and not inclined to run into each other. Leaves large, heart-shaped, tapering to a point, of a light pleasing green and softto the touch. It flowers earlier, and is more hardy than the former. 

CEANOTHUS. 

CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS. --New Jersey Tea. North America, 1713. A shrub of4 feet in height, with deep green serrated leaves, that are 2 incheslong and pubescent on the under sides. Flowers white, in axillarypanicles, and produced in great abundance. This is one of the hardiestspecies, but succeeds best when afforded wall protection. 

C. AZUREUS. --Mexico, 1818. This species, though not hardy enough forevery situation, is yet sufficiently so to stand unharmed as a wallplant. It grows from 10 feet to 12 feet high, with deep-green leavesthat are hoary on the under sides. The flowers, which are borne inlarge, axillary panicles, are bright blue, and produced in June and thefollowing months. In a light, dry soil and sunny position this shrubdoes well as a wall plant, for which purpose it is one of the mostornamental. There are several good nursery forms, of which the followingare amongst the best:--C. Azureus Albert Pettitt, C. Azureus albidus, C. Azureus Arnddii, one of the best, C. Azureus Gloire de Versailles, and C. Azureus Marie Simon. 

C. CUNEATUS (_syn C. Verrucosus_). --California, 1848. This is anotherhalf-hardy species that requires wall protection, which may also besaid of C. Veitchianus, one of the most beautiful of the family, withdense clusters of rich blue flowers and a neat habit of growth. 

C. DENTATUS. --California, 1848. With deeply-toothed, shining-greenleaves, and deep blue, abundantly-produced flowers, this is awell-known wall plant that succeeds in many parts of the country, particularly within the influence of the sea. It commences flowering inMay, and frequently continues until frosts set in. It is a verydesirable species, that in favoured situations will grow to fully 10feet high, and with a spread laterally of nearly the same dimensions. 

C. PAPILLOSUS. --California, 1848. This is a straggling bush, withsmall, blunt leaves, and panicles of pale blue flowers on longfootstalks. A native of California and requiring wall protection. 

C. RIGIDUS. --Another Californian species, is of upright, stiff growth, a sub-evergreen, with deep purple flowers produced in April and May. 

There are other less hardy kinds, including C. Floribundus, C. Integerrimus, C. Velutinus, and C. Divaricatus. 

CEDRELA. 

CEDRELA SINENSIS (_syn Ailanthus flavescens_). --China, 1875. This is afast growing tree, closely resembling the Ailanthus, and evidentlyquite as hardy. It has a great advantage over that tree, in that theflowers have an agreeable odour, those of the Ailanthus being somewhatsickly and unpleasant. The flowers are individually small, but arrangedin immense hanging bunches like those of Koelreuteria paniculata, andbeing pleasantly scented are rendered still the more valuable. Thewhole plant has a yellow hue, and the roots have a peculiar reddishcolour, and very unlike those of the Ailanthus, which are white. 

CELASTRUS. 

CELASTRUS SCANDENS. --Climbing Waxwork, or Bitter Sweet. North America, 1736. When planted in rich, moist soil, this soon forms an attractivemass of twisting and twining growths, with distinct glossy foliagein summer and brilliant scarlet fruit in autumn. The flowers areinconspicuous, the chief beauty of the shrub being the show of fruit, which resembles somewhat those of the Spindle Tree (Euonymus), and towhich it is nearly allied. A native of North America, it grows from 12feet to 15 feet high, and is useful in this country for covering archesor tree stems, or for allowing to run about at will on a mound of earthor on rockwork. 

CELTIS. 

CELTIS AUSTRALIS. --South Europe, 1796. This species is much like C. Occidentalis, with black edible fruit. It is not of so tall growth asthe American species. 

C. OCCIDENTALIS. --Nettle tree. North America, 1656. In generalappearance this tree resembles the Elm, to which family it belongs. Ithas reticulated, cordate-ovate, serrated leaves, with small greenishflowers on slender stalks, and succeeded by blackish-purple fruit aboutthe size of a pea. A not very ornamental tree, at least so far asflowers are concerned, but valuable for lawn planting. It varies verymuch in the size and shape of the leaves. 

CERCIS. 

CERCIS CANADENSIS. --North America, 1730. This species resembles C. Siliquastrum, but is of much smaller growth, and bears paler flowers;while C. CHINENSIS, which is not hardy, has large, rosy-pink flowers. 

C. SILIQUASTRUM. --Judas Tree. South Europe, 1596. A small-growing treeof some 15 feet in height, and with usually a rather ungainly andcrooked mode of growth. It is, however, one of our choicest subjectsfor ornamental planting, the handsome reniform leaves and rosy-purpleflowers produced along the branches and before the leaves appearrendering it a great favourite with planters. There are three distinctforms of this shrub--the first, C. Siliquastrum alba, having pure whiteflowers; C. Siliquastrum carnea, with beautiful deep pink flowers; andC. Siliquastrum variegata, with neatly variegated foliage, thoughrather inconstant of character. Natives of South Europe, and amongstthe oldest trees of our gardens. 

They all succeed best when planted in rather damp loam, and do notobject to partial shade, the common species growing well even beneaththe drip of large standard trees. 

CHIMONANTHUS. 

CHIMONANTHUS FRAGRANS. --Winter Flower. Japan, 1766. This Japanese shrubis certainly one of the most remarkable that could be brought undernotice, the deliciously fragrant flowers being produced in abundanceduring the winter months, and while the plant is yet leafless. Being ofslender growth, it is best suited for planting against a wall, theprotection thus afforded being just what is wanted for the perfectdevelopment of the pretty flowers. C. Fragrans grandiflora has largerand less fragrant flowers than the species, and is more common incultivation. 

CHIONANTHUS. 

CHIONANTHUS RETUSA. --China, 1852. This is not a very hardy species, and, being less ornamental than the American form, is not to berecommended for general planting. 

C. VIRGINICA. --Fringe Tree. North America, 1736. A very ornamental, small-growing tree, with large deciduous leaves and pendent clusters ofpure white flowers with long fringe-like petals, and from which thepopular name has arisen. It is a charming tree, or rather shrub, inthis country, for one rarely sees it more than 10 feet high, and onethat, to do it justice, must have a cool and rather damp soil and asomewhat shady situation. 

CHOISYA. 

CHOISYA TERNATA. --Mexican Orange Flower. Mexico, 1825. A beautiful anddistinct shrub that succeeds well in the south and west of England. Theevergreen leaves are always fresh and beautiful, and of a dark shininggreen, while the sweetly-fragrant flowers are produced freely on theapices of last year's wood. They have a singular resemblance to thoseof the orange, and on the Continent are commonly grown as a substitutefor that popular flower. The plant succeeds well in any light, richsoil, and soon grows into a goodly-sized shrub of 4 feet or 5 feet inheight. As a wall plant it succeeds well, but in warm, maritimesituations it may be planted as a standard without fear of harm. Cuttings root freely if placed in slight heat. 

CISTUS. 

CISTUS CRISPUS. --Portugal, 1656. This is a distinct species, withcurled leaves, and large reddish-purple flowers. It is a valuableornamental shrub, but, like the others, suffers from the effects offrost. 

C. LADANIFERUS. --Gum Cistus. Spain, 1629. A pretty but rather tendershrub, growing in favourable situations to about 4 feet in height. Ithas lanceolate leaves that are glutinous above, and thickly coveredwith a whitish tomentum on the under sides, and large and showy vhiteflowers with a conspicuous purple blotch at the base of each petal. Unless in southern and western England, but particularly on thesea-coast, this handsome Portuguese shrub is not to be depended on, inso far as hardihood is concerned. 

C. LAURIFOLIUS. --Laurel-leaved Cistus. Spain, 1731. This is thehardiest species in cultivation, but, like the latter, is favourable tothe milder parts of these islands, and especially maritime districts. Frequently it rises to 7 feet in height, and is then an object of greatbeauty, the large yellowish-white flowers showing well above the deepgreen Laurel-like leaves. 

C. MONSPELIENSIS (South of Europe, 1656), and its variety C. Monspeliensis florentinus, the former with white, and the latter withwhite and yellow flowers, are fairly hardy in the milder parts ofBritain, but cannot be recommended for general planting. 

C. PURPUREUS. --Purple-flowered Cistas. In this species, which may ranknext to the latter in point of hardihood, the flowers are of a deepreddish-purple, and with a darker blotch at the base of each petal. 

C. SALVIFOLIUS is of loose and rather untidy growth, with rugose leavesand white flowers. It is very variable in character, and the formgenerally cultivated grows about 4 feet high, and has ovate-lanceolate, almost glabrous leaves. 

Other species that are occasionally to be found in collections are C. Creticus, with yellow and purple flowers; C. Hirsutus, white withyellow blotches at the base of the petals; and C. Clusii, with verylarge pure-white flowers. All the species of Gum Cistus, or Rock Roseas they are very appropriately named, will be found to succeed bestwhen planted in exalted positions, and among light, though rich, strongsoil. They are easy of propagation. 

CITRUS. 

CITRUS TRIFOLIATA. --Japan, 1869. This is a singular low-growing shrub, with ternate leaves, spiny branches, and fragrant white flowers. It ishardy in many English situations, but does not fruit freely, althoughthe orange-blossom-like flowers are produced very abundantly. A prettylittle glossy-leaved shrub that is well worthy of attention, particularly where a cosy corner can be put aside for its cultivation. 

CLADRASTIS. 

CLADRASTIS AMURENSIS. --Amoor Yellow Wood. Amur, 1880. This is a shrubthat is sure to be extensively cultivated when better known, and morereadily procured. It has stood uninjured for several years in variousparts of England, so that its hardihood may be taken for granted. Thepretty olive-green of the bark, and the greyish-green of the leatheryleaves, render the shrub one of interest even in a flowerless state. InJuly and August the dense spikes of white, or rather yellowish-whiteflowers are produced freely, and that, too, even before the shrub hasattained to a height of 2 feet. It is well worthy of extended culture. 

C. TINCTORIA (_syn C. Lutea_ and _Virgilia lutea_). --Yellow Wood. NorthAmerica, 1812. This is a handsome deciduous tree that does well in manyparts of the country, and is valued for the rich profusion of whiteflowers produced, and which are well set-off by the finely-cut pinnateleaves. It is a valuable tree for park and lawn planting, requiring awarm, dry soil, and sunny situation--conditions under which the woodbecomes well-ripened, and the flowers more freely produced. 

CLEMATIS. 

CLEMATIS ALPINA (_syn Atragene alpina, A. Austriaca_ and _A. Siberica_). --Europe and North America. This is a climbing species withbi-ternately divided leaves, and large flowers with four blue sepalsand ten to twelve small flattened organs, which are usually termedpetals. 

C. CIRRHOSA. --Evergreen Virgin's Bower. Spain, 1596. An interesting, early-flowering species. The flowers, which are greenish-white, areproduced in bunches and very effective. It is an evergreen species, ofcomparative hardihood, and flowers well in sheltered situations. 

C. FLAMMULA. --Virgin's Bower. France, 1596. This old and well-knownplant is quite hardy in this country. The leaves are pinnate, and theflowers white and fragrant. C. Flammula rubro-marginata is a worthy andbeautiful-leaved variety. 

C. FLORIDA. --Japan, 1776. This is a beautiful species, and an oldinhabitant of English gardens. Leaves composed of usually threeoval-shaped leaflets, and unusually bright of tint. The flowers arevery large, and pure white. It should be planted in a warm shelteredcorner against a wall. 

C. GRAVEOLENS. --This is a dwarf shrub, with neatly tripinnate leaves, and solitary, strongly-scented yellow flowers of medium size. A nativeof Chinese Tartary, and quite hardy. 

C. LANUGINOSA. --China, 1851. A handsome species, with large purpleleaves that are hairy on the under sides. Flowers pale blue or lilac, very large, and composed of six or eight spreading sepals. C. Lanuginosa pallida has immense flowers, often fully half a foot indiameter. Flowers in June. 

C. MONTANA. --Nepaul, 1831. This is valuable on account of its floweringin May. It is a free-growing species, with trifoliolate leaves on longfootstalks, and large white flowers. C. Montana grandiflora is abeautiful variety, having large white flowers so abundantly produced asto hide the foliage. It is quite hardy and of rampant growth. 

C. PATENS (_syns C. Caerulea_ and _C. Azurea grandiflora_). --Japan, 1836. This has large, pale-violet flowers, and is the parent of manysingle and double flowered forms. The typical form is, however, verydeserving of cultivation, on account of the freedom with which itblooms during June and July from the wood of the previous year. It isperfectly hardy even in the far north. 

C. VIORNA. --Leather Flower. United States. This is a showy, small-flowered species, the flowers being campanulate, greenish-whitewithin and purplish without. C. Viorna coccinea is not yet well known, but is one of the prettiest of the small-flowered section. The flowers, which are leathery as in the species, are of a beautiful vermilion onthe outside and yellow within. 

C. VITALBA. --Lady's Bower, or Old Man's Beard. A handsome native climbingshrub, common in limestone or chalky districts, and unusually abundantin the southern English counties. Clambering over some neglected fence, often to nearly 20 feet in height, this vigorous-growing plant is seento best advantage, the three or five-lobed leaves and festoons ofgreenish-white, fragrant flowers, succeeded by the curious and attractivefeathery carpels, render the plant one of the most distinct and desirableof our native wildlings flowering in August. 

C. VITICELLA. --Spain, 1569. This is a well-known species of not toorampant growth, and a native of Spain and Italy. The flowers vary agood deal in colour, but in the typical plant they are reddish-purpleand produced throughout the summer. Crossed with C. Lanuginosa, thisspecies has produced many ornamental and beautiful hybrids, one of thefinest and most popular being C. Jackmanii. 

C. WILLIAMSI (_syn C. Fortunei_). --Japan, 1863. The fragrant, whiteflowers of this species are semi-double, and consist of about 100oblong-lanceolate sepals narrowed to the base. The leathery leaves aretrifoliolate with heart-shaped leaflets. It proves quite hardy, and hasseveral varieties. 

GARDEN VARIETIES. --As well as the above there are many beautiful gardenhybrids, some of which in point of floral colouring far outvie theparent forms. Included in the following list are a few of the mostbeautiful kinds:--

Alba Victor. Alexandra. Beauty of Worcester. Belle of Woking. Blue Gem. Duchess of Edinburgh. Edith Jackman. Fairy Queen. John Gould Veitch. Lady Bovill. Lord Beaconsfield. Lucie Lemoine. Madame Baron Veillard. Miss Bateman. Mrs. A. Jackman. Othello. Prince of Wales. Rubella. Star of India. Stella. Venus Victrix. William Kennett. 

CLERODENDRON. 

CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM. --Japan, 1800. This is at once one of the mostbeautiful and distinct of hardy shrubs. It is of stout, nearly erectgrowth, 8 feet high, and nearly as much through, with large, dark-green, ovate leaves, and deliciously fragrant white flowers, witha purplish calyx, and which are at their best in September. Thrivingwell in any light soil, being of vigorous constitution, and extremelyhandsome of flower, are qualities which combine to render this shrubone of particular importance in our gardens. 

C. FOETIDUM, a native of China, is only hardy in southern and seasidesituations, where it forms a bush 5 feet high, with heart-shaped leaves, and large clusters of rosy-pink flowers. 

CLETHRA. 

CLETHRA ACUMINATA. --Pointed-leaved Pepper Tree. Carolina, 1806. This isnot so hardy as C. Alnifolia, hailing from the Southern States of NorthAmerica, but with a little protection is able to do battle with ouraverage English winter. It resembles C. Alnifolia, except in theleaves, which are sharp pointed, and like that species delights to growin damp positions. The flowers are white and drooping, and the growthmore robust than is that of C. Alnifolia generally. For planting by thepond or lake-side, the Pepper Trees are almost invaluable. 

C. ALNIFOLIA. --Alder-leaved Pepper Tree. North America, 1831. A ratherstiff-growing shrub of about 5 feet in height, with leaves resemblingthose of our common Alder, and bearing towards the end of July spikesof almost oppressively fragrant dull-white flowers at the tips of thebranches. It is a valuable shrub, not only in an ornamental way, but onaccount of it thriving in damp, swampy ground, where few others couldexist, while at the same time it will succeed and flower freely inalmost any good garden soil. 

COCCULUS. 

COCCULUS CAROLINUS. --This is a half hardy, twining shrub, of freegrowth when planted by a tree stem in a sheltered wood, but with by nomeans showy flowers; indeed, it may be described in few words as ashrub of no great beauty nor value. 

C. LAURIFOLIUS, from the Himalayas and Japan, is even less hardy thanthe above, although, used as a wall plant, it has survived for manyyears in the south and west of England. The foliage of this species isneat and ornamental, but liable to injury from cold easterly winds. 

COLLETIA. 

COLLETIA CRUCIATA (_syn C. Bictonensis_). --Chili, 1824. With flattenedwoody branches, and sharp-pointed spines which take the place ofleaves, this is at once one of the most singular of hardy floweringshrubs. It forms a stout dense bush about 4 feet high, and bearsquantities of small white flowers, which render the plant one of greatbeauty during the summer months. 

C. SPINOSA. --Peru, 1823. This species grows fairly well in some partsof England and Ireland, and is a curious shrub with awl-shaped leaves, and, like the other members of the family, an abundant producer offlowers. It thrives best as a wall plant, and when favourably situateda height of 12 feet is sometimes attained. 

COLUTEA. 

COLUTEA ARBORESCENS. --Bladder Senna. France, 1548. This is a commonplant in English gardens, bearing yellow Pea-shaped flowers, that aresucceeded by curious reddish bladder-like seed pods. It grows to 10feet or 12 feet in height, and is usually of lax and slender growth, but perfectly hardy. 

C. CRUENTA (_syn C. Orientalis_ and _C. Sanguine_). --Oriental BladderSenna. Levant, 1710. This is a free-growing, round-headed, deciduousbush, of from 6 feet to 8 feet high when fully grown. The leaves arepinnate and glaucous, smooth, and bright green above, and downybeneath. Flowers individually large, of a reddish-copper colour, with ayellow spot at the base of the upper petal. The fruit is an inflatedboat-shaped reddish pod. The Bladder Sennas are of very free growth, even in poor, sandy soil, and being highly ornamental, whether inflower or fruit, are to be recommended for extensive cultivation. 

CORIARIA. 

CORIARIA MYRTIFOLIA. --South Europe, 1629. A deciduous shrub growing toabout 4 feet in height, with Myrtle-like leaves, and upright terminalracemes of not very showy flowers, produced about mid-summer--generallyfrom May to August. For its pretty foliage and the frond-likearrangement of its branches it is principally worthy of culture. Fromsouthern Europe and the north of Africa, where it is an occupant ofwaste ground and hedges, but still rare in our gardens. 

CORNUS. 

CORNUS ALBA. --White-fruited Dogwood. Siberia, 1741. This is a native ofnorthern Asia and Siberia, not of America as Loudon stated. For theslender, red-barked branches and white or creamy flowers, this speciesis well worthy of notice, while the white fruit renders it verydistinct and effective. It grows to about 10 feet in height. C. AlbaSpathi is one of the most ornamental of shrubs bearing coloured leaves, these in spring being of a beautiful bronzy tint, and changing towardssummer to a mixture of gold and green, or rather an irregular margin ofdeep gold surrounds each leaf. It was first sent out by the famousBerlin nurseryman whose name it bears. C. Alba Gouchaulti is anothervariegated leaved variety, but has no particular merit, and originatedin one of the French nurseries. 

C. ALTERNIFOLIA. --North America, 1760. This species is a lover of dampground, and grows from 20 feet to nearly 30 feet high, with clusters ofpale yellow flowers, succeeded by bluish-black berries that render theplant highly ornamental. It is still rare in British gardens. 

C. AMOMUM (_syn C. Sericea_). --From the eastern United States. It is alow-growing, damp-loving shrub, with yellowish-white flowers, borneabundantly in small clusters. It grows about 8 feet in height, and hasa graceful habit, owing to the long and lithe branches spreadingregularly over the ground. The fruit is pale blue, and the bark aconspicuous purple. 

C. ASPERIFOLIA is another showy American species, with reddish-brownbark, hairy leaves, of small size, and rather small flowers that aresucceeded by pearly-white berries borne on conspicuous reddish stalks. 

C. BAILEYI resembles somewhat the better-known C. Stolonifera, but itis of more erect habit, is not stoloniferous, has rather woolly leaves, at least on the under side, and bears yellowish-white fruit. It growsin sandy soil, and is a native of Canada. 

C. CALIFORNICA (_syn C. Pubescens_) grows fully 10 feet high, withsmooth branches, hairy branchlets, and cymes of pretty white flowers, succeeded by white fruit. It occurs from southern California to BritishColumbia. 

C. CANADENSIS. --Dwarf Cornel or Birchberry. Canada, 1774. This is ofherbaceous growth, and remarkable for the large cream-coloured flowerbracts, and showy red fruit. 

C. CANDIDISSIMA (_syn C. Paniculata_) is a beautiful American species, with panicled clusters of almost pure white flowers, that are succeededby pale blue fruit. It is a small growing tree, with narrow, pointedleaves, and greyish coloured, smooth bark. Like many of its fellows, this species likes rather moist ground. 

C. CIRCINATA, from the eastern United States, is readily distinguishedby its large, round leaves, these sometimes measuring 6 inches long by3-1/2 inches wide. The yellowish-white flowers are individually small, and succeeded by bright blue fruits, each as large as a pea. 

C. CAPITATA (_syn Benthamia fragifera_). --Nepaul, 1825. An evergreenshrub, with oblong, light green leaves and terminal inconspicuousgreenish flowers, surrounded by an involucre of four large, pinky-yellow bracts. It is this latter that renders the shrub so veryconspicuous when in full flower. Unfortunately, the Benthamia is nothardy throughout the country, the south and west of England, especiallyCornwall, and the southern parts of Ireland being the favoured spotswhere this handsome shrub or small growing tree--for in Cornwall it hasattained to fully 45 feet in height, and in Cork nearly 30 feet--may befound in a really thriving condition. Around London it does well enoughfor a time, but with severe frost it gets cut back to the ground, andthough it quickly recovers and grows rapidly afterwards, before it islarge enough to flower freely it usually suffers again. The fruits areas large and resemble Strawberries, and of a rich scarlet or reddishhue, and though ripe in October they frequently remain on the treesthroughout the winter. Both for its flowers and fruit, this Nepaulshrub-tree is well worthy of a great amount of trouble to get itestablished in a cosy corner of the garden. Rich, well-drained loam isall it wants, while propagation by seed is readily effected. 

C. FLORIDA, the Florida Dogwood, is not always very satisfactory whengrown in this country, our climate in some way or other beingunsuitable for its perfect development. It is a handsome shrub orsmall-growing tree, with small flowers surrounded by a large andconspicuous white involucre. The leaves are ovate-oblong, and pubescenton the undersides. It is a valuable as well as ornamental little tree, and is worthy of a great amount of coddling and coaxing to get itestablished. 

C. KOUSA (_syn Benthamia japonica_). --Japan. This is a very distinctand beautiful flowering shrub. Flowers very small individually, butborne in large clusters, and yellow, the showy part being the fourlarge, pure white bracts which subtend each cluster of blossoms, muchlike those in Cornus florida, only the bracts are more pointed thanthose of the latter species. Being quite hardy, and a plant of greatinterest and beauty, this little known Cornus is sure to be widelyplanted when better known. 

C. MACROPHYLLA (_syn C. Brachypoda_). --Himalayas, China and Japan, 1827. This is an exceedingly handsome species, of tabulated appearance, occasioned by the branches being arranged almost horizontally. Theleaves are of large size, elliptic-ovate, and are remarkable for theirautumnal tints. The elder-like flowers appear in June. They are purewhite and arranged in large cymes. C. Macrophylla variegata is adistinct and very ornamental form of the above, in which the leafmargins are bordered with white. 

C. MAS. --Cornelian Cherry. Austria, 1596. One of our earliest floweringtrees, the clusters of yellow blooms being produced in mild seasons bythe middle of February. It is not at all fastidious about soil, thriving well in that of very opposite description. It deserves to beextensively cultivated, if only for the profusion of brightly-tintedflowers, which completely cover the shoots before the leaves haveappeared. C. Mas aurea-elegantissima, the tricolor-leaved Dogwood, is astrikingly ornamental shrub, with green leaves encircled with a goldenband, the whole being suffused with a faint pinky tinge. It is of moreslender growth than the species, and a very desirable acquisition toany collection of hardy ornamental shrubs. C. Mas argenteo-variegata isanother pretty shrub, the leaves being margined with clear white. 

C. NUTTALLII grows to fully 50 feet in height, and is one of the mostbeautiful of the Oregon and Californian forest trees. The flower bractsare of large size, often 6 inches across, the individual bracts beingbroad and white, and fully 2-1/2 inches long. 

C. OFFICINALIS is a Japanese species, that is, however, quite hardy inthis country, and nearly resembles the better known C. Mas, but fromwhich it may at once be known by the tufts of brownish hairs that arepresent in the axils of the principal leaf veins. 

C. STOLONIFERA. --Red Osier Dogwood. North America, 1741. This hasrather inconspicuous flowers, that are succeeded by whitish fruit, andis of greatest value for the ruddy tint of the young shoots. It growsfully 6 feet high, and increases rapidly by underground suckers. Thespecies is quite hardy. 

C. TARTARICA (_syn C. Siberica_). --Siberia, 1824. This has muchbrighter coloured bark, and is of neater and dwarfer habit, than thetypical C. Alba. It is a very beautiful and valuable shrub, of whichthere is a variegated leaved form. 

COROKIA. 

COROKIA COTONEASTER. --New Zealand, 1876. A curious, dwarf-growingshrub, with small, bright yellow, starry flowers produced in June. Thehardiness of the shrub is rather doubtful. 

CORONILLA. 

CORONILLA EMERUS. --Scorpion Senna. France, 1596. This shrub, a nativeof the middle and southern parts of Europe, forms an elegant loose bushabout 5 feet high, with smooth, pinnate, sub-evergreen leaves, andPea-shaped flowers, that are reddish in the bud state, but brightyellow when fully expanded. It is an elegant plant, and on account ofits bearing hard cutting back, is well suited for ornamental hedgeformation; but however used the effect is good, the distinct foliageand showy flowers making it a general favourite with planters. It willthrive in very poor soil, but prefers a light rich loam. 

CORYLOPSIS. 

CORYLOPSIS HIMALAYANA. --E. Himalayas, 1879. This is a stronger growingspecies than C. Pauciflora and C. Spicata, with large leaves averaging4 inches long, that are light green above and silky on the under sides. The parallel veins of the leaves are very pronounced, while theleaf-stalks, as indeed the young twigs too, are covered with a hairypubescence. 

C. PAUCIFLORA is readily distinguished from the former by its moreslender growth, smaller leaves, and fewer flowered spikes. Flowersprimrose-yellow. 

C. SPICATA. --Japan, 1864. This Japanese shrub is of very distinctappearance, having leaves like those of our common Hazel, and droopingspikes of showy-yellowish, fragrant flowers that are produced beforethe leaves. There is a variegated form in cultivation. 

The various species of Corylopsis are very ornamental garden plants, and to be recommended, on account of their early flowering, forprominent positions in the shrubbery or by the woodland walk. Light, rich loam seems to suit them well. 

CORYLUS. 

CORYLUS AVELLANA PURPUREA. --Purple Hazel. This has large leaves of arich purple colour, resembling those of the purple Beech, and is a verydistinct plant for the shrubbery border. Should be cut down annually iflarge leaves are desired. 

C. COLURNA. --Constantinople Hazel. Turkey, 1665. This is the largestand most ornamental of the family, and is mentioned here on account ofthe showy catkins with which the tree is usually well supplied. Whenthickly produced, as they usually are on established specimens, theselong catkins have a most effective and pleasing appearance, and tend torender the tree one of the most distinct in cultivation. Underfavourable circumstances, such as when growing in a sweet and ratherrich brown loam, it attains to fully 60 feet in height, and of a neatshape, from the branches being arranged horizontally, or nearly so. Even in a young state the Constantinople Hazel is readily distinguishedfrom the common English species, by the softer and more angular leaves, and by the whitish bark which comes off in long strips. The stipules, too, form an unerring guide to its identity, they being long, linear, and recurved. 

COTONEASTER. 

COTONEASTER BACILLARIS. --Nepaul, 1841. A large-growing species, and oneof the few members of the family that is more ornamental in flower thanin fruit. It is of bold, portly, upright growth, and sends up shootsfrom the base of the plant. The pretty white flowers are borne inclusters for some distance along the slender shoots, and have a veryeffective and pleasing appearance; indeed, the upper portion of theplant has the appearance of a mass of white blossoms. 

C. FRIGIDA. --Nepaul, 1824. The species forms a large shrub or low treewith oblong, elliptical, sub-evergreen leaves. The flowers are whiteand borne in large corymbs, which are followed by scarlet berries inSeptember. 

C. MICROPHYLLA. --Small-leaved Cotoneaster. Nepaul, 1825. This is, froma flowering point of view, probably the most useful of any member ofthis rather large genus. Its numerous pretty white flowers, dark, almost Yew-green leaves, and abundance of the showiest red berries inwinter, will ever make this dwarf, clambering plant a favourite withthose who are at all interested in beautiful shrubs. All, or nearlyall, the species of Cotoneaster are remarkable and highly valued fortheir showy berries, but, except the above, and perhaps C. Buxifolia(Box-leaved Cotoneaster), few others are worthy of consideration from apurely flowering point of view. 

C. SIMONSII. --Khasia, 1868. The stems of this species usually grow from4 feet to 6 feet high, with sub-erect habit. The leaves areroundly-elliptic and slightly silky beneath. The small flowers aresucceeded by a profusion of scarlet berries that ripen in autumn. Thisis generally considered the best for garden purposes. 

CRATAEGUS. 

CRATAEGUS AZAROLUS. --South Europe, 1640. This is a veryvigorous-growing species, with a wide, spreading head of ratherupright-growing branches. The flowers are showy and the fruit large andof a pleasing red colour. 

C. AZAROLUS ARONIA (_syn C. Aronia_). --Aronia Thorn. South Europe, 1810. This tree attains to a height of 20 feet, has deeply lobed leavesthat are wedge-shaped at the base, and slightly pubescent on the undersides. The flowers, which usually are at their best in June, are whiteand showy, and succeeded by large yellow fruit. Generally the AroniaThorn forms a rather upright and branchy specimen of neat proportions, and when studded with its milk-white flowers may be included amongstthe most distinct and ornamental of the family. 

C. COCCINEA. --Scarlet-fruited Thorn. North America, 1683. If only forits lovely white flowers, with bright, pinky anthers, it is well worthyof a place even in a selection of ornamental flowering trees andshrubs. It is, however, rendered doubly valuable in that thecordate-ovate leaves turn of a warm brick colour in the autumn, whilethe fruit, and which is usually produced abundantly, is of thebrightest red. 

C. COCCINEA MACRANTHA. --North America, 1819. This bears some resemblanceto the Cockspur Thorn, but has very long, curved spines--longer, perhaps, than those of any other species. 

C. CORDATA is one of the latest flowering species, in which respect itis even more hardy than the well-known C. Tanace-tifolia. It forms asmall compact tree, of neat and regular outline, with dark greenshining leaves, and berries about the same size as those of the commonspecies, and deep red. 

C. CRUS-GALLI. --Cockspur Thorn. North America, 1691. This has largeand showy white flowers that are succeeded by deep red berries. It isreadily distinguished by the long, curved spines with which the wholetree is beset. Of this species there are numerous worthy forms, including C. Crus-galli Carrierii, which opens at first white, andthen turns a showy flesh colour; C. Crus-galli Layi, C. Crus-gallisplendens, C. Crus-galli prunifolia, C. Crus-galli pyracanthifolia, andC. Crus-galli salicifolia, all forms of great beauty--whether for theirfoliage, or beautiful and usually plentifully-produced flowers. 

C. DOUGLASII. --North America, 1830. This is peculiar in having darkpurple or almost black fruit. It is of stout growth, often reaching to20 feet in height, and belongs to the early-flowering section. 

C. NIGRA (_syn C. Celsiana_). --A tree 20 feet high, with stout branches, and downy, spineless shoots. Leaves large, ovate-acute, deeply incised, glossy green above and downy beneath. Flowers large and fragrant, purewhite, and produced in close heads in June. Fruit large, oval, downy, and yellow when fully ripe. A native of Sicily, and known under thenames of C. Incisa and C. Leeana. This species must not be confusedwith a variety of our common Thorn bearing a similar name. 

C. OXYACANTHA. --Common Hawthorn. This is, perhaps, the most ornamentalspecies in cultivation, and certainly the commonest. The common wildspecies needs no description, the fragrant flowers varying in colourfrom pure white to pink, being produced in the richest profusion. Undercultivation, however, it has produced some very distinct and desirableforms, far superior to the parent, including amongst others those withdouble-white, pink, and scarlet flowers. 

C. OXYACANTHA PUNICEA flore-pleno (Paul's double-scarlet Thorn), is oneof, if not the handsomest variety, with large double flowers that areof the richest crimson. Other good flowering kinds include C. Oxyacantha praecox (Glastonbury Thorn); C. Oxyacantha Oliveriana; C. Oxyacantha punicea, with deep scarlet flowers; C. Oxyacantha rosea, rose-coloured and abundantly-produced flowers; C. Oxyacantha foliisaureis, with yellow fruit; C. Oxyacantha laciniata, cut leaves; C. Oxyacantha multiplex, double-white flowers; C. Oxyacantha foliisargenteis, having silvery-variegated leaves: C. Oxyacantha pendula, ofsemi-weeping habit; C. Oxyacantha stricta, with an upright and stiffhabit of growth; C. Oxyacantha Leeana, a good form; and C. Oxyacanthaleucocarpa. 

C. PARVIFOLIA. --North America, 1704. This is a miniature Thorn, of slowgrowth, with leaves about an inch long, and solitary pure-white flowersof large size. The flowers open late in the season, and are succeededby yellowish-green fruit. 

C. PYRACANTHA. --Fiery Thorn. South Europe, 1629. This is a verydistinct species, with lanceolate serrated leaves, and pinkish ornearly white flowers. The berries of this species are, however, theprincipal attraction, being orange-scarlet, and produced in denseclusters. C. Pyracantha crenulata and C. Pyracantha Lelandi are worthyvarieties of the above, the latter especially being one of the mostornamental-berried shrubs in cultivation. 

C. TANACETIFOLIA. --Tansy-leaved Thorn. Greece, 1789. This is a verylate-flowering species, and remarkable for its Tansy-like foliage. Itis of unusually free growth, and in almost any class of soil, and isundoubtedly, in so far at least as neatly divided leaves and wealth offruit are concerned, one of the most distinct and desirable species ofThorn. 

Other good species and varieties that may just be mentioned as beingworthy of cultivation are C. Apiifolia, C. Crus-galli horrida, C. Orientalis, and C. Tomentosum (_syn C. Punctata_). To a lesser orgreater extent, the various species and varieties of Thorn are of greatvalue for the wealth and beauty of flowers they produce, but the aboveare, perhaps, the most desirable in that particular respect. They areall of free growth, and, except in waterlogged soils, thrive well andflower freely. 

CYTISUS. 

CYTISUS ALBUS. --White Spanish Broom. Portugal, 1752. This is alarge-growing shrub of often 10 feet in height, with wiry, somewhatstraggling branches, and remarkable for the wealth of pure-whiteflowers it produces. In May and June, if favourably situated, everybranch is wreathed with small white flowers, and often to such anextent that at a short distance away the plant looks like a sheet ofwhite. Being perfectly hardy and of very free growth in any light soil, and abundantly floriferous, this handsome shrub is one of particularvalue in ornamental planting. By placing three or five plants inclump-fashion, the beauty of this Broom is greatly enhanced. 

C. ALDUS INCARNATUS (_syn C. Incarnatus_) resembles C. Purpureus in itsleaves and general appearance, but it is of larger growth. The flowers, which are at their best in May, are of a vinous-rose colour, andproduced plentifully. 

C. BIFLORUS (_syn C. Elongatus_). --Hungary, 1804. This is a dwarf, spreading, twiggy bush, of fully a yard high. Leaves trifoliolate, clothed beneath with closely adpressed hairs, and bright yellow, somewhat tubular flowers, usually produced in fours. 

C. DECUMBENS. --A charming alpine species, of low, spreading growth, bright-green three-parted leaves, and bearing axillary bunches of largeyellow, brownish-purple tinted flowers. A native of the French andItalian Alps, and quite hardy. 

C. NIGRICANS. --Austria, 1730. Another beautiful species, with long, erect racemes of golden-yellow flowers, and one whose general hardihoodis undoubted. On its own roots, and allowed to roam at will, thispretty, small-growing Broom is of far greater interest than when it isgrafted mop-high on a Laburnum stem, and pruned into artificial shapes, as is, unfortunately, too often the case. 

C. PURPUREUS. --Purple Broom. Austria, 1792. Alow, spreading shrub, withlong wiry shoots, clothed with neat trifoliolate leaves, and bearing anabundance of its purple, Pea-shaped flowers. There is a white-floweredform, C. Purpureus albus, and another named C. Purpureus ratis-bonensis, with pretty yellow flowers, produced on long and slender shoots. 

C. SCOPARIUS. --Yellow Broom. This is a well-known native shrub, withsilky, angular branches, and bright yellow flowers in summer. There areseveral varieties, but the most remarkable and handsome is C. ScopariusAndreanus, in which the wings of the flowers are of a rich goldenbrown. It is one of the showiest shrubs in cultivation. 

For ornamental planting the above are about the best forms of Broom, but others might include C. Austriacus, C. Ardoini, and C. Capitatus, the latter being unusually hardy, and bearing dense heads of flowers. In so far as soil is concerned, the Brooms are readily accommodated, while either from seeds or cuttings they are easily propagated. 

DABOECIA. 

DABOECIA POLIFOLIA (_syn Menziesia polifolia_). --St. Dabeoc's Heath. South Western Europe, Ireland and the Azores. A dwarf, and ratherstraggling, viscid shrub, with linear-ovate leaves that are silverybeneath. The flowers are pink, and abundantly produced. D. Polifoliaalba has white flowers; and D. Polifolia atro-purpurea, purplishflowers. 

DANAE. 

DANAE LAURUS (_syn D. Racemosa_ and _Ruscus racemosus_). --AlexandrianLaurel. A native of Portugal (1739), with glossy-green leaf substitutes, and racemes of small, not very showy, greenish-yellow flowers. 

DAPHNE. 

DAPHNE ALPINA. --Italy, 1759. A deciduous species, which has white orrosy-white, sweet-scented flowers. It is a pretty, but rare shrub, thatgrows well in light sandy leaf soil. 

D. ALTAICA. --Siberia, 1796. Though rare in gardens, this is a prettyand neat-foliaged species, and bears white flowers in abundance. Itwants a warm corner and dry soil. 

D. BLAGAYANA. --Styria, 1872. This is still rare in cultivation, but itis a very desirable species, bearing ivory-white highly-fragrantflowers. For the alpine garden it is particularly suitable, and thoughgrowing rather slowly thrives well in good light soil. 

D. CHAMPIONI(_syn D. Fortunei_), from China, is a rare and pretty species, bearinglilac flowers in winter, and whilst the shrub is leafless. It does bestin a warm situation, such as planted against a wall facing south. 

D. CNEORUM. --Garland Flower. South Europe, 1752. This is a charmingrock shrub, of dwarf, trailing habit, with small glossy-green leaves, and dense clusters of deep pink, deliciously-fragrant flowers. 

D. FIONIANA is of neat growth, with small, glossy, dark leaves, andpale rose-coloured flowers. Its sturdy, dwarf habit, constant verdure, and pretty sweet-scented flowers, should make this species a favouritewith cultivators. Known also as D. Hyemalis. 

D. GENKWA. --Japanese Lilac. Japan, 1866. This is a rare and beautifulspecies, of recent introduction, with large lilac-tinted, sweetly-scently flowers. 

D. LAUREOLA. --Spurge Laurel. This is not, in so far at least as flowersare concerned, a showy species, but the ample foliage and sturdy habitof the plant will always render this native species of value for theshrubbery. It is of value, too, as growing and flowering freely in theshade. The flowers are sweetly-scented and of a greenish-yellow colour, and appear about February. 

D. MEZEREUM. --The Mezereon. Europe (England). One of the commonest andmost popular of hardy garden shrubs. It is of stout, strict growth, andproduces clusters of pinky, rose, or purplish flowers before winter ispast, and while the branches are yet leafless. Few perfectly hardyflowering shrubs are so popular as the Mezereon, and rightly so, for amore beautiful plant could not be mentioned, wreathed as every branchis, and almost back to the main stem, with the showiest of flowers. Itlikes good, rich, dampish soil, and delights to grow in a quiet, shadynook, or even beneath the spread of our larger forest trees. There areseveral very distinct varieties, of which the white-flowered D. Mezereum flore albo is one of the most valuable. The fruit of thisvariety is bright golden-yellow. D. Mezereum autumnale and D. Mezereumatro-rubrum are likewise interesting and beautiful forms. 

D. PETRAEA (_syn D. Rupestris_). --Rock Daphne. Tyrol. This is quitehardy in the more sheltered corners of the rock garden, with neat, shining foliage and pretty rosy flowers, produced so thickly all overthe plant as almost to hide the foliage from view. At Kew it thriveswell in peaty loam and limestone, and although it does not increasevery quickly is yet happy and contented. It is a charming rock shrub. 

D. PONTICA. --Pontic Daphne. Asia Minor, 1759. This is much like D. Lauriola, but has shorter and more oval leaves, and the flowers, instead of being borne in fives like that species, are produced inpairs. They are also of a richer yellow, and more sweetly scented. 

D. SERICEA (_syn D. Collina_). --Italy and Asia Minor, 1820. This formsa bush fully 2 feet high, with evergreen, oblong, shining leaves, andclusters of rose-coloured flowers that are pleasantly scented. It isquite hardy, and an interesting species that is well worthy of moreextended culture. There is a variety of this with broader foliage thanthe species, and named D. Sericea latifolia (_syn D. Collinalatifolia_). 

DAPHNIPHYLLUM. 

DAPHNIPHYLLUM GLAUCESCENS. --East Indies, Java and Corea. A handsomeJapanese shrub that will be valued for its neat Rhododendron-likefoliage, compact habit of growth, and for the conspicuous bark which isof a warm reddish hue. The leaves are large and elliptic, six incheslong, and are rendered strangely conspicuous from the foot-stalks andmidrib being dull crimson, this affording a striking contrast to thedelicate green of the leaves. It grows freely in light sandy peat. There are two well-marked forms, one named D. Glaucescens viridis, inwhich the red markings of the leaves are absent; and D. Glaucescensjezoensis, a pretty and uncommon variety. 

DESFONTAINEA. 

DESFONTAINEA SPINOSA. --Andes from Chili to New Grenada, 1853. This is adesirable shrub, and one that is perfectly hardy in most parts of thecountry. It is a charming shrub of bold, bushy habit, with pricklyholly-like foliage, and scarlet and yellow, trumpet-shaped pendentflowers, borne in quantity. The shelter of a wall favours the growthand flowering of this handsome shrub, but it also succeeds well in theopen if planted in rich, light soil, and in positions that are notexposed to cold and cutting winds. 

DEUTZIA. 

DEUTZIA CRENATA (_syn D. Scabra_ and _D. Fortunei_). --Japan 1863. Thisis of stout, bushy growth, often reaching a height of 8 feet, andlateral spread of nearly as much. The ovate-lanceolate leaves are roughto the touch, and its slender, but wiry stems, are wreathed for aconsiderable distance along with racemes of pure white flowers. It is avery distinct shrub, of noble port, and when in full flower iscertainly one of the most ornamental of hardy shrubs. Thedouble-flowered form, D. Crenata flore-pleno, is one of the prettiestflowering shrubs in cultivation, the wealth of double flowers, notwhite as in the species, but tinged with reddish-purple being highlyattractive. D. Crenata, Pride of Rochester, is another form withdouble-white flowers, and a most distinct and beautiful shrub. Twoother very beautiful varieties are those known as D. Crenata Watereriiand D. Crenata Wellsii. 

D. GRACILIS is a somewhat tender shrub of fully 18 inches high, withsmooth leaves and pure-white flowers produced in the greatest freedom. It does well in warm, sheltered sites, but is most frequently seen as agreenhouse plant. A native of Japan. 

DIERVILLA. 

DIERVILLA FLORIBUNDA (_syn D. Multiflora_ and _Weigelia floribunda_), from Japan, 1864, has narrow, tubular, purplish-coloured corollas, thatare only slightly opened out at the mouth. The Diervillas are valuabledecorative shrubs, of free growth in good rich loam, and bearing agreat abundance of the showiest of flowers. For shrubbery planting theymust ever rank high, the beautiful flowers and rich green ample leafagerendering them distinct and attractive. 

D. GRANDIFLORA (_syn D. Amabilis_ and _Weigelia amabilis_). --Japan. This is of larger growth than D. Rosea, with strongly reticulatedleaves, that are prominently veined on the under sides, and muchlarger, almost white flowers. It is a distinct and worthy species. There are some beautiful varieties of this species, named Isolinae, VanHouttei, and Striata. 

D. ROSEA (_syn Weigelia rosea_). --China, 1844. This is a handsome hardyshrub of small stature, with ovate-lanceolate leaves, and clusters ofshowy pink, or sometimes white flowers, that are produced in April andMay. There are many good varieties of this shrub, of which thefollowing are the most popular:--D. Rosea arborescens grandiflora; D. Rosea Lavallii, with an abundance of crimson-red flowers; D. RoseaStelzneri, with an abundance of deep red flowers; D. Rosea hortensisnivea, large foliage, and large, pure-white flowers; D. Rosea candida, much like the latter, but bearing pure-white flowers; and D. RoseaLooymansii aurea has beautiful golden leaves. 

DISCARIA. 

DISCARIA LONGISPINA. --This is at once a curious and beautiful shrub, oflow, creeping growth, and poorly furnished with leaves, which, however, are amply made up for by the deep green of the shoots and stems, andwhich give to the plant almost the appearance of an evergreen. Theflowers, which are bell-shaped and white, are almost lavishly produced, and as they last for a very long time, with only the pure whiteassuming a pinky tinge when subjected to excessive sunshine, the valueof the shrub is still further enhanced. For planting against a mound ofrock this scrambling shrub is of value, but the position should not beexposed to cold winds, for the plant is somewhat tender. From SouthAmerica, and allied to the better known Colletias. 

D. SERRATIFOLIA (_syn Colletia serratifolia_), is even a handsomerplant than the former, with minute serrated foliage, and sheets ofsmall white flowers in June. 

DIOSPYROS. 

DIOSPYROS KAKI COSTATA. --The Date Plum. China, 1789. Fruit as big as asmall apple; leaves leathery, entire, and broadly ovate; flowers andfruits in this country when afforded the protection of a wall. Thefruit is superior to that of D. Virginiana (Persimmon). 

D. LOTUS, the common Date Plum, is a European species, with purplishflowers, and oblong leaves that are reddish on the under sides. Bothspecies want a light, warm soil, and sheltered situation. 

D. VIRGINIANA. --The Persimmon, or Virginian Date Plum. North America, 1629. A small-growing tree, with coriaceous leaves, and greenish-yellowflowers. In southern situations and by the seaside it is perfectlyhardy, and succeeds well, but in other districts it is rather tender. The fruit is edible, yellow in colour, and about an inch in diameter. 

DIRCA. 

DIRCA PALUSTRIS. --Leather Wood. North America, 1750. A much-branchedbush, of quite a tree-like character, but rarely more than 3 feet high. To the Daphnes it is nearly allied, and is close in resemblance; butthere is a curious yellowish hue pervading the whole plant. The flowersare produced on the naked shoots in April, and are rendered conspicuousby reason of the pendent yellow stamens. They are borne in terminalclusters of three or four together. It delights to grow in a cool, moist soil, indeed it is only when so situated that the Leather Woodcan be seen in a really thriving condition. 

DRIMYS. 

DRIMYS AROMATICA (_syn Tasmannia aromatica_). --Tasmanian Pepper Plant. Tasmania, 1843. This is, if we might say so, a more refined plant thanD. Winteri, with smaller and narrower leaves, and smaller flowers. Theplant, too, has altogether a faint reddish tinge, and is of uprightgrowth. A native of Tasmania, and called by the natives the PepperPlant, the fruit being used as a substitute for that condiment. Likethe other species the present plant is only hardy in warm, maritimeplaces, and when afforded the protection of a wall. 

D. WINTERI (_syn Winter a aromatica_). --Winter's Bark. South America, 1827. The fine evergreen character is the chief attraction of thisAmerican shrub, so far at least as garden ornamentation is concerned. With some persons even the greenish-white flowers are held in esteem, and it cannot be denied that a well flowered plant has its ownattractions. The long, narrow leaves are pale green above and glaucousbeneath, and make the shrub of interest, both on account of theirevergreen nature and brightness of tint. Unfortunately it is not veryhardy, requiring even in southern England a sunny wall to do itjustice. 

ELAEAGNUS. 

ELAEAGNUS ARGENTEA. --Silver Berry. North America, 1813. A spreadingshrub 8 feet or 10 feet high, with lanceolate leaves clothed withsilvery scales. The flowers are axillary and clustered, and aresucceeded by pretty, silvery-ribbed berries. 

E. GLABRA (_syn E. Reflexus_). --From Japan. This is one of thehandsomest species, forming bushes of delightful green, leatheryleaves, and with a neat and rather compact habit of growth. It growswith great freedom when planted in light, sandy soil, big globosebushes being the result of a few years' growth. Being perfectly hardyit is to be recommended if only for the ample leathery, deep greenfoliage. The flowers are inconspicuous. There is a form having theleaves margined with pale yellow, and known under the name of E. Glabravariegata. 

E. LONGIPES (_syn E. Edulis_ and _E. Crisp a_). --Japan, 1873. Thisspecies, is also worthy of culture, whether for the ornamental flowersor fruit. It is a shrub 6 feet high, bearing an abundance of spotted, oval red berries on long footstalks. Quite hardy. 

E. MACROPHYLLA. --Japan. This is of robust growth, with handsome, darkgreen leaves, and purplish branch tips. The leaves are thick oftexture, often fully 3 inches long, glossy-green above, and silverybeneath. The latter is all the more remarkable, as the leaves have thehabit of curling up their edges, and thus revealing the light, silverytint of the under sides. It thrives well in light, sandy peat, and maybe relied upon as one of the hardiest of shrubs. 

E. ROTUNDIFOLIA. --An interesting and perfectly hardy species, growingabout five feet high, and remarkable for the great wealth of prettyscarlet and amber-coloured berries. The flowers are not very showy, butthis is made up by the beautiful silvery leaves, most pronounced on theunder sides, and wealth of fruit, which hangs on long stalks likeCherries. 

Other species of less interest are E. Pungens, of which there is avariegated variety; E. Simoni, a neat Chinese shrub; and E. Latifolia, of good habit and with large leaves. The various species and varietiesof Elaeagnus may all be cultivated in light, free soil, and fromexperiments that were recently made, they have been found of greatvalue for planting by the seaside. They are popularly known as the WildOlives and Evergreen Oleasters. 

EMBOTHRIUM. 

EMBOTHRIUM COCCINEUM. --Fire Bush. South America, 1851. This is abeautiful shrub, of tall growth, with flowers of great interest andbeauty. Except in warm and favoured situations, it is not very hardy, and should always be grown as a wall plant. The fiery scarlet, orange-tinted flowers, resembling somewhat those of the Honeysuckle, are very beautiful by the first weeks of May. It grows to about 6 feetin height in southern England, and is, when in full flower, a shrub ofunusual beauty. 

EPHEDRA. 

EPHEDRA VULGARIS (_syn Ephedra monastachya_), from Siberia, 1772, is ahalf-hardy shrub of trailing habit, with inconspicuous flowers. Thriving in very poor soil, or on rocky situations, is the only reasonwhy it is introduced here. 

EPIGAEA. 

EPIGAEA REPENS. --Ground Laurel, or New England Mayflower. NorthernUnited States, 1736. This is, perhaps, in so far as stature isconcerned, hardly worthy of a place in our list, yet it is such apretty and useful shrub, though rarely rising more than 6 inches fromthe ground, that we cannot well pass it over. For planting beneath Pineor other trees, where it can spread about at will, this prostrate shrubis most at home. There it enlivens the spot with its pretty evergreenfoliage, and sweet-scented, white or pinky flowers. It is quite hardy. 

ERCILLA. 

ERCILLA SPICATA (_syn Bridgesia spicata_). --Chili, 1840. Asmall-growing, half-climbing shrub, with leathery, deep green leaves, and inconspicuous flowers. Hailing from Chili, it is not very hardy, but given the protection of a wall, or planted against a tree-stump, itsoon forms a neat mass of evergreen foliage. 

ERICA. 

ERICA CARNEA. --South Europe, 1763. This is one of the most beautifuland desirable of hardy Heaths, on account of the richly-colouredflowers and early season at which they are produced. In the typicalspecies the flowers are pink or flesh-coloured, and produced in Januaryand February. It is a dwarf, compact growing species, with bright greenfoliage. There is a form with pure white flowers, named E. Carnea alba, or E. Herbacea, but although distinct and beautiful, it is not of sorobust growth as the parent. 

E. CILIARIS. --A pretty native species, with ciliate glandular leaves, and racemes of highly-coloured, rosy flowers. Found in Dorsetshire andCornwall. 

E. CINEREA, --Gray-leaved Heath. In this species, also a native ofBritain, the flowers are of a reddish-purple colour, and borne in denseterminal racemes. There are numerous varieties, including awhite-flowered E. Cinerea alba; E. Cinerea atro-purpurea, bearing darkpurple flowers; E. Cinerea atro-sanguinea, dark red flowers; E. Cinereacoccinea, scarlet; E. Cinerea purpurea, purple flowers; and E. Cinerearosea, with deep rose-coloured flowers. 

E. MEDITERRANEA. --Mediterranean Heath. Portugal, 1648. This is arobust-growing species, of rather erect habit, and often attaining tofully a yard in height. Flowers abundantly produced, and of a prettypinky hue. Of this there are several varieties, the following beingbest known: E. Mediterranea hibernica, found in Ireland; E. Mediterranea alba, with white flowers; E. Mediterranea nana, of verydwarf growth; and E. Mediterranea rubra, with showy, deep red flowers. 

E. SCOPARIA and E. ERECTA are desirable species, the former bearinggreenish flowers, and the latter of decidedly upright growth. 

E. TETRALIX. --Cross-leaved Heath. A native species of low, and bushygrowth, with close umbels or terminal clusters of pretty pinky flowers. The varieties of this most worthy of notice are E. Tetralix alba, whiteflowered; E. Tetralix Mackiana, crimson flowered; E. Tetralix rubra, deep red flowers; and E. Tetralixbicolor, with parti-coloured flowers. 

E. VAGANS.. --Cornish Heath. A native species, bearing pinky-whiteflowers, but there are forms with white and red flowers, named E. Vagans alba and E. Vagans rubra. 

The various kinds of Heath succeed best either in peaty soil, or thatcomposed for the greater part of light, sandy loam, but many will growand flower freely if planted in rich yellow loam. They are verydesirable plants, either for bed formation, for rockwork ornamentation, or for planting around the shrubbery margins. Propagation is effectedeither by cuttings or sub-divisions, but seedlings of several speciesspring up freely under favourable conditions. 

ESCALLONIA. 

ESCALLONIA FLORIBUNDA (_syn E. Montevideusis_). --New Grenada, 1827. This is one of the handsomest species, bearing long, arching clustersof white flowers. It is a very desirable shrub for wall or lattice-workcovering, against which it grows rapidly, and soon forms an object ofgreat beauty by reason of its neat foliage and graceful habit, as alsowealth of pretty flowers. 

E. ILLINATA. --Chili, 1830. This should also be included, it being ahandsome and pretty-flowered plant. 

E. MACRANTHA. --Chiloe, 1848. This is a general favourite in Englishgardens, where it succeeds well, but especially in maritime parts ofthe country. It is of stout growth, 6 feet or more in height, ofspreading habit, and with elliptical, serrulated, bright green leaves, and clusters of crimson-red flowers produced in summer. Forwall-covering this is an almost invaluable shrub, although it succeedswell as a standard in all but the colder parts of the country. Anyfree, open soil suits it well, but thorough drainage must be attendedto. There are several very distinct and good varieties, such as E. Macrantha sanguinea, with flowers deeper in colour than those of theparent plant; and E. Macrantha Ingrami, a profuse-blooming and verydesirable form. 

E. PHILLIPIANA. --Valdivia, 1873. When seen as a standard bush, andloaded with its myriads of tiny white flowers, this must rank amongstthe handsomest members of the family. It is very hardy, and retains itsfoliage throughout the winter. The hybrid forms, E. Exoniensis and E. Leucantha, deserve recognition, the latter even as late as Novemberbeing laden with its small spikes of pretty white flowers, whichcontrast nicely with the neat, evergreen foliage. 

E. PTEROCLADON. --Patagonia, 1854. This is remarkable for thecuriously-winged branches, which give to the shrub a rather peculiarand distinct appearance. The freely-produced flowers are white or pink. 

E. RUBRA. --Chili, 1827. This has less handsome leaves and flowers thanthe above, but it is, all the same, a beautiful plant. The flowers varya good deal in depth of colouring, and may be seen of all tints betweenpure white and red. 

The Escallonias are all of very free growth in any light, warm, sandy, and well-drained soil, and are readily propagated. 

EUCRYPHIA. 

EUCRYPHIA PINNATIFOLIA. --Chili, 1880. This shrub, is as yet rare incultivation, and is not suited for the colder or more exposed parts ofthe country. It is, however, a singularly distinct and beautiful shrub, with deep glossy-green, pinnate foliage, and bearing large, pure whiteflowers, that are rendered all the more conspicuous by thegolden-yellow anthers. As an ornamental shrub it is well worthy ofcultivation. In so far as its hardihood in this climate has to do, itmay be mentioned that in various parts of England and Ireland it hasstood in the open ground unharmed for several years back. Light, sandy, well drained peat would seem to meet with its requirements. 

EUONYMUS. 

EUONYMUS AMERICANA. --American Spindle Tree. North America, 1686. Thisis a deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub, of about 6 feet in height, found over a wide area in Canada and the United States. It is ofpartially erect growth, with long and lithe branches, covered withpleasing light green bark. Flowers appearing in June, and succeeded byrough, warted, brilliant scarlet capsules, which are particularly showyand attractive. It likes a shady situation, and rich, rather damp soil. 

E. EUROPAEUS. --West Asia, Europe (Britain), &c. An indigenous species, rarely exceeding 6 feet in height, and rendered very effective inautumn by reason of the pale scarlet fruit, which, when fully ripe, andhaving split open, reveals the orange-coloured arils of the seeds. It, too, delights to grow in the shade. 

E. FIMBRIATUS, Japan and India, and its handsome variegated form, E. Fimbriatus foliis variegatus et argenteo maculatus, are rather tootender for cultivation in this country, even in southern districts, andwhere afforded wall protection. E. Verrucosus and E. Atropurpureus arealso worthy of cultivation. 

E. LATIFOLIUS. --Broad-leaved Spindle Tree. A European species (1730), deciduous, and growing from 10 feet to sometimes fully 20 feet inheight. The leaves are bright, shining green, and much larger thanthose of our native species. Flowers, purplish-white, appearing inJune; the capsules large, deep red, and when open contrasting veryeffectively with the bright orange arils in which the seeds areenveloped. It is a very distinct and beautiful, small-growing lawntree, and succeeding, as it does, best in shade is an extraqualification. 

FABIANA. 

FABIANA IMBRICATA. --Chili, 1838. This is, unfortunately, not hardy inany but the milder maritime parts of England and Ireland. It is acharming shrub of Heather-like appearance, with small, crowded leaves, and pure white flowers produced in May. Planted at the base of asouthern wall it does best, and where it thrives it is certainly one ofour handsomest half-hardy shrubs. 

FATSIA. 

FATSIA JAPONICA (_syns Aralia japonica_ and _A. Sieboldii_). --Japan, 1858. This is of no particular value as a flowering shrub, but beinghardy in most districts, and having large handsome leaves that impartto it a tropical appearance, it is well worthy of culture. The flowersare ivory-white, and produced in large umbels towards the end ofautumn, but our early frosts too often mar their beauty. In thiscountry it grows about 10 feet high, and is usually what is termed"leggy" in appearance, and thrives well in any good loamy soil iffairly dry. 

FENDLERA. 

FENDLERA RUPICOLA. --Mexico, 1888. A low-growing shrub, peculiar to thedry rocky parts of the United States, particularly the south-westerndistrict. It grows about a yard high, and bears a great profusion ofbluish-white flowers, that are rendered very conspicuous by reason ofthe bright yellow stamens. It is the only known species, and is nearlyallied to the Saxifrages. Any fairly good garden soil will suit itwell, but it wants to be planted where superfluous moisture is quicklycarried off. 

FORSYTHIA. 

FORSYTHIA SUSPENSA (_syn F. Fortunei_ and _F. Sieboldii_). --Japan andChina, 1864. A slender-growing shrub, with variable leaves, and long, trailing shoots. The flowers are abundantly produced, are of abeautiful golden tint, and bell-shaped, and being of good substancelast for a long time. Either as a wall plant, or for using in somesheltered corner, and where the branches can spread about at will, itforms a very distinct and handsome shrub, and one that is perfectlyhardy and quite indifferent as regards the quality of soil in which itis planted. There are several forms of this pretty shrub, but as theydo not differ to any great extent from the species, are hardly worthyof consideration. 

F. Suspensa intermedia is a garden hybrid, 1891. 

F. VIRIDISSIMA. --Japan, 1845. This is another desirable species, but itis not comparable in point of beauty with the former. It is usually ofstrong erect growth, with stout shoots, wreathed with bright yellowflowers towards the end of winter. It is a very beautiful shrub, and avaluable addition to the winter or early spring flowering section. 

FOTHERGILLA. 

FOTHERGILLA ALNIFOLIA. --North Eastern America, 1765. This is anungainly habited shrub, of dwarf growth, the branches being somewhatslender and crooked. The flowers are white, sweetly scented, andproduced in dense terminal spikes. It is perfectly hardy. 

FRAXINUS. 

FRAXINUS ORNUS (_syn F. Argentea, F. Rotundifolia_, and _Ornuseuropea_). --Manna Ash. South Europe, 1730. This is a handsome tree, especially when young and vigorous, and by far the most ornamentalspecies in cultivation. For planting in situations where large-growingsubjects would be out of place this is a valuable tree, while thewealth of flowers renders it particularly interesting and effective. Itrarely exceeds 30 feet in height, with leaves not unlike those of thecommon Ash, and conspicuous panicles of light, feathery, whitepetaliferous flowers, produced usually in great abundance all over thetree. Perfectly hardy. 

F. Ornus serotina alba and F. Ornus serotina violacea are beautifulseedling forms that were raised in France, and on account of theirdwarf habit and profusion of flowers are well worthy of attention. Theflowers of the first-named variety are pure white, the stamens havingat first yellow anthers, which speedily turn to a rich blackish-brown. The other differs but little, only in the flowers, which are of adistinct greyish-violet hue, while the leaves are of a darker shade ofgreen, and the leaflets longer and narrower. 

F. MARIESII. --Northern China, 1880. This is hardy in most parts of thecountry. The whole tree is quite glabrous except the petioles, whichare clothed with a dense pubescence. Flowers pure white, and arrangedin large dense panicles. 

FREMONTIA. 

FREMONTIA CALIFORNICA. --California, 1851. A handsome and deciduousCalifornian shrub, but scarcely hardy enough for the open air withoutprotection. In Southern England and Ireland, however, it does well, andall the better if planted within the influence of the sea. The largeyellow flowers are often about 2 inches across, and produced singlyalong the branches, while the leaves are large, lobed, and of anenticing shade of green. Planted against a wall, in good dampish loam, it succeeds well. 

FUCHSIA. 

FUCHSIA MACROSTEMA GLOBOSA (_syn F. Globosa_). --Chili. This is readilyrecognised by the globose form assumed by the incurved sepals, whilethe flowers are smaller and less showy than those of F. Riccartoni. Hardihood about similar to the following. 

F. RICCARTONI. --This seedling from F. M. Globosa is one of the twohardiest varieties, but even this plant, except in warm, maritimedistricts, is by no means satisfactory. Where it does well it is ashrub of great beauty, and blooms profusely. This species has red, straight sepals, and a purple corolla. In favoured districts it mayfrequently be seen as much as 12 feet high, and is then during theflowering period an object of great beauty. It originated at Riccarton, near Edinburgh, about 1830. 

GARRYA. 

GARRYA ELLIPTICA. --California, 1818. This is a handsome shrub, with darkgreen coreaceous leaves, resembling very nearly those of the EvergreenOak. The long, tassellated catkins, of a peculiar yellowish-greencolour, render the plant one of much interest and beauty. As a wallplant it thrives well, the slight protection thus afforded favouring thegrowth and expansion of the catkins. For planting in the shrubbery it isalso well suited, and where it oft-times attains to a height of 6 feet, and is bushy in proportion. It is well to bear in mind that there aremale and female plants of the Garrya, and that the former is the moreornamental. Good rich, well-drained loam will suit this shrub well. 

GAULTHERIA. 

GAULTHERIA NUMMULARIOIDES (_syn G. Nummulariae_ and _G. Repens_). --Himalayas. This is a neat Alpine species, with small and very darkgreen leaves. It likes a shady situation and vegetable soil. Forplanting on the rockwork, amongst tree roots, or beneath the shade oftrees, the Gaultherias are particularly suitable. Light, but richvegetable soil suits them best. 

G. PROCUMBENS. --Canada Tea, or Creeping Winter-green. North America, 1762. This is of much smaller growth than the following, rarely risingto a greater height than about half a foot, with lanceolate, serratedleaves, and pendulous axillary clusters of white flowers. 

G. SHALLON. --North-west America, 1826. Growing in favourable situationsto fully a yard in height, this distinct evergreen shrub, which isfairly common in cultivation, is particularly valuable, as it thriveswell under the shade and drip of trees. It is a rambling plant, withovate-cordate, almost sessile leaves, and bears tiny white flowers thatare succeeded by purplish fruit. G. Shallon acutifolia has more sharplypointed leaves than those of the species. 

GENISTA. 

GENISTA AETNENSIS (_syn Spartium aetnensis_). --Etna Broom. Sicily andSardinia, 1816. This is a large-growing species of elegant growth, andremarkable for the abundance of yellow flowers with which it isliterally covered in August. Than this South-European Pea-flower, perhaps not another member of the family is more worthy of culture, theneat, elegant habit of growth and profusion of flowers rendering it aplant of particular interest and beauty. It is quite hardy, thrives inany light soil if well drained, and is readily propagated from seed, which it ripens in abundance. 

G. ANXANTICA. --Naples, 1818. This is a nearly allied species to ournative G. Tinctoria, and is of dwarf growth with a rich abundance ofgolden yellow flowers that are produced towards the end of summer. 

G. CINEREA (_syn G. Ramosissima_), from South Europe, is a verybeautiful and desirable species, a yard high, and bearing in Julyslender twigs of the brightest yellow flowers. 

G. EPHEDROIDES. --Corsica and Sardinia, 1832. With small andabundantly-produced flowers, this resembles Ephedra, hence its name. 

G. GERMANICA. --Germany, 1773. This is a handsome rock garden shrub, offully 18 inches in height, with arching stems and a plentiful supply ofbright flowers during the summer and autumn months. 

G. HISPANICA. --South-western Europe, 1759. This species resembles ourcommon Broom, but the branches are not angular. The large, yellow, fragrant flowers appear in July. There is a charming double-floweredvariety named G. Hispanica flore-pleno. 

G. LUSITANICA. --Portugal, 1771. This is remarkable for its oppositebranches, is of spiny growth, and one of the earliest to appear inflower. 

G. MONOSPERMA. --South Europe, 1690. This has white flowers, and is ofvalue as a seaside shrub, and grows well in almost pure sand. A nativeof the Mediterranean coast. 

G. PILOSA. --Greenweed. Europe (Britain). This is a dense prostratenative species, with bright yellow blossoms produced freely during Mayand June. A delightful rock shrub, and one that will succeed well almostin pure gravel. 

G. PROSTRATA. --Burgundy and Alps of Jura, 1775. A small-growing speciessuitable for rock gardening, and of spreading bushy growth. Flowerssmall, but ornamental, and produced in May and June. 

G. RADIATA (_syn Spartium radiatum_). --South Europe, 1758. This is aslender-growing shrub, about 18 inches high, with narrow leaflets, andterminal heads of yellow flowers produced in summer. 

G. SAGITTALIS. --South Europe, 1750. With its peculiarly winged andjointed stems, which are of a deep green colour, this is one of the mostdistinct forms. The flowers are few but pretty, and with the dwarf habitrender the plant an excellent subject for rockwork. 

G. TINCTORIA. --Dyers' Greenweed. Europe (Britain), North and West Asia. This is a spineless species, and bears a profusion of yellow flowersfrom July onwards. The double-flowering variety, G. Tinctoriaflore-pleno, is, in so far as ornamental qualities are concerned, superior to the parent form. 

G. TINCTORIA ELATIOR (_syn G. Elatior_) grows to 12 feet in height, isof free, spreading growth, and a very handsome plant. The flowers, whichare individually small and yellow, are so thickly produced that theshrub, in late summer, has the appearance of a sheet of gold. 

G. TRIANGULARIS (_syn G. Triquetra_). --South Europe, 1815. This is adecidedly good garden plant, and of neat, trailing habit. The stems arethree sided, and the flowers golden yellow and plentifully produced. Anative of South Europe, and perfectly hardy in almost any position. 

The above include most of the hardy Genistas, though G. Capitata and G. Daurica, both very ornamental kinds, might be added to the list. Theyare all very hardy, free-flowering shrubs, of simple culture, andsucceeding well in any light and rather dry soil. 

GLEDITSCHIA. 

GLEDITSCHIA TRIACANTHOS. --Honey Locust. United States, 1700. As anornamental hardy tree this is well worthy the attention of planters, thepinnate and bipinnate foliage being particularly elegant, while theflowers, though individually small, are borne in such quantities offascicled racemes as to attract notice. The stem and branches are armedwith formidable prickles, but there is a form in which the prickles areabsent. A native of North America, and readily cultivated in any soil ofeven fair quality. For town planting it is a valuable tree. There is agood weeping variety named G. Triacanthos pendula. 

G. SINENSIS (_syn G. Horrida_). --China, 1774. This nearly resembles thelatter, and is occasionally to be met with in cultivation in thiscountry. 

GORDONIA. 

GORDONIA LASIANTHUS. --Loblolly Bay. North America, 1739. A shrub ofgreat beauty, but one that, unfortunately, is rarely to be seen outsidethe walls of a botanic garden. It is of Camellia-like growth, withlarge, sweetly fragrant flowers and a good habit of growth. 

G. PUBESCENS. --North America, 1774. This is of smaller growth than thelatter, rarely exceeding about 6 feet high, with large white flowersthat are rendered all the more conspicuous by the tuft of goldenstamens. Both species are somewhat tender, although hailing from thecoast, swampy grounds of the southern States of North America. Plantedin favoured sites, they usually grow freely in light, peaty soil, orthat containing a large admixture of decayed leaf soil. 

GRABOWSKIA. 

GRABOWSKIA BOERHAAVIAEFOLIA. --Peru, 1780. This is occasionally to beseen in sheltered and favoured gardens, but it is not to be relied uponin other than southern and seaside districts. The plant is of noparticular interest to the cultivator, the outline being ungainly, whilethe pale blue flowers are both dull and uninteresting. It belongs to theSolanum family, and is only worth cultivating as a curiosity. Light, warm soil and a sunny position are necessities in the cultivation ofthis shrub. 

GRISELINIA. 

GRISELINIA LITTORALIS. --New Zealand, 1872. This forms a compact bush ofmoderate size, and is fairly hardy. The leaves are of a light, pleasinggreen shade, coriaceous, and glossy, and remain on the plant duringwinter. It is an excellent shrub for the seaside, and, moreover, willsucceed well in stiff soils where many other plants would refuse togrow. 

GYMNOCLADUS. 

GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS. --Kentucky Coffee Tree. Canada, 1748. When infull leafage this is a distinct and beautiful tree, the foliage hangingin well-rounded masses, and presenting a pretty effect by reason of theloose and tufted appearance of the masses of finely-divided leaves. Leaves often 3 feet long, bipinnate, and composed of numerousbluish-green leaflets. Flowers white, borne in loose spikes in thebeginning of summer, and succeeded by flat, somewhat curved brown pods. It prefers a rich, strong soil or alluvial deposit. 

G. CHINENSIS. --Soap Tree. China, 1889. Readily distinguished from theAmerican species by its much smaller and more numerous leaflets, andthicker fruit pod. It is not very hardy in this country unless in themilder sea-side districts. The leaves are used by the Chinese women towash their hair, hence the popular name of Soap Tree. 

HALESIA. 

HALESIA DIPTERA (_syn H. Reticulata_). --North America, 1758. This is notso suitable for our climate as H. Tetraptera, though in southern partsof the country it forms a neat, healthy bush, and flowers freely. It isdistinguished, as the name indicates, by having two wings to the seedvessel, H. Tetraptera having four. 

H. HISPIDA (_syn Pterostyrax hispidum_). --Japan, 1875. This is a shrubof perfect hardihood, free growth, and very floriferous. The flowers, which are pure white, and in long racemes, resemble much those of theSnowdrop Tree. Leaves broad and slightly dentated. It is a handsomeshrub, of free growth, in light, sandy loam, and quite hardy even whenfully exposed. 

H. PARVIFLORA has smaller flowers than those of our commonly-cultivatedplant. 

H. TETRAPTERA. --Snowdrop Tree. North America, 1756. This is a veryornamental tall-growing shrub, of somewhat loose growth, and bearingflowers which resemble, both in size and appearance, those of our commonSnowdrop. It is one of the most ornamental of all the small-growingAmerican trees, and richly deserves a place in every collection, onaccount of the profusion with which the flowers are produced in Apriland May. They are snow-white, drooping, and produced in lateralfascicles of eight or ten together. It is a native of river banks inNorth Carolina, and is well suited for cultivation in this country. Light, peaty soil will grow it to perfection. 

HALIMODENDRON. 

HALIMODENDRON ARGENTEUM (_syn Robinia Halimodendron_). --Salt tree. Anative of Asiatic Russia (1779), having silvery foliage, and pink orpurplish-pink flowers, axillary or fascicled. It is a neat and prettyshrub, that is rendered valuable as succeeding well in maritimedistricts. Quite hardy and of free growth in sandy soil. 

HAMAMELIS. 

HAMAMELIS JAPONICA. --The Japanese Witch Hazel. Japan, 1862. This is asmall species with lemon-yellow flowers. H. Japonica arborea is a tallergrowing variety, with primrose-yellow petals, and a deep claret calyx. The flowers are borne in clusters in early spring. Rarely in thiscountry do we find this species of greater height than about 8 feet, butit is of bushy growth, though somewhat straggling in appearance. Asearly as the beginning of January this Witch Hazel may be found inbloom, the bare branches being studded here and there with thecurious-shaped flowers, these having bright yellow, twisted petals andreddish calyces. H. J. Zuccarinianais a very desirable free-floweringvariety, with pale yellow petals and a greenish-brown calyx. 

H. VIRGINICA. --Virginian Witch Hazel. North America, 1736. This hassmaller flowers than H. J. Arborea, and they are plentifully produced inautumn or early winter. In this country it assumes the shape of an openbush of about 6 feet in height, but is usually of untidy appearance fromthe branches being irregularly disposed. 

They all delight in cool, rather moist soil, and are of value for theirearly-flowering nature. 

HEDYSARUM. 

HEDYSARUM MULTIJUGUM. --South Mongolia. Hardly ten years have elapsedsince this pretty shrub was introduced into England, so that at presentit is rather rare in our gardens. It is a decided acquisition, if onlyfor the production of flowers at a time when these are scarce. Usuallythe flowering time is in August, but frequently in the first weeks ofOctober the pretty flowers are still full of beauty. It is of bushyhabit, from 4 feet to 5 feet high, with oblong leaflets, in number fromtwenty to thirty-five, which are Pea-green above and downy on the undersides. Flowers bright red, and produced in axillary racemes. It isperfectly hardy, and grows freely in porous decomposed leaf-soil. 

HELIANTHEMUM. 

HELIANTHEMUM HALIMIFOLIUM. --Spain, 1656. This species is of erect habit, 3 feet or 4 feet high, and with leaves reminding one of those of the SeaPurslane. It is an evergreen, and has large bright yellow flowers, slightly spotted at the base of the petals. 

H. LAEVIPES (_syn Cistus laevipes_). --South-western Europe. A dwarfshrub, with Heath-like leaves, and yellow flowers that are produced ingreat abundance. 

H. LASIANTHUM (_syns H. Formosum_ and _Cistus formosus_). --Spain andPortugal, 1780. This is a beautiful species, but not hardy unless in theSouth and West. It has large, bright yellow flowers, with a deepreddish-purple blotch at the base of each petal. 

H. LAVENDULAEFOLIUM has lavender-like leaves, with the under surfacehoary, and yellow flowers. A native of the Mediterranean regions. 

H. LIBONATES. --This species bears dark green Rosemary-like leaves, andyellow flowers that are produced very abundantly. South Europe. 

H. PILOSUM. --South of France, 1831. This bears white flowers that are ofgood substance, and about an inch across. 

H. POLIFOLIUM (_syn H. Pulverulentum_). --Europe (Britain), and NorthAfrica. This is a neat-growing shrub, of very dwarf growth, with hairyleaves and yellow flowers; and H. Polifolium roseum, has pretty rosy-redflowers. 

H. UMBELLATUM. --South Europe, 1731. A neat, small-growing species, withwhite flowers and glossy-green leaves covered with a rusty-whitetomentum beneath. 

H. VULGARE. --Common Rock Rose. Europe (Britain), North Africa, and WestAsia. A widely distributed native plant, of dwarf growth, withlinear-oblong, hairy leaves, and usually yellow flowers. H. Vulgarenummularium differs in having the leaves green and sub-orbicular, withyellow flowers. H. Vulgare barbaturn is of erect habit, with silky, hairy, oval leaves. H. Vulgare mutabile bears pale rose flowers, markedwith yellow at the base. H. Vulgare grandiflorum is remarkable for thelarge, bright yellow flowers, and is one of the most beautiful andworthy varieties. H. Vulgare ovalifolium (_syn H. Serpyllifolium_) bearsyellow flowers and ovate leaves, with the margins revolute. H. Vulgarehyssopifolium bears reddish flowers, but the colouring variesconsiderably, and saffron is not uncommon. 

The Rockroses are very valuable plants, in that they will succeed onpoor, gravelly banks where few other plants could eke out an existence. They cannot withstand stiff soil, nor that at all inclined to be damp, their favourite resorts being exposed, rocky ground, and dry, gravellybanks. Being readily increased from cuttings, which take root well undera hand glass or in a cool house, it is advisable, at least with the moretender forms, to have at hand a stock, so that blanks in the shrubberymay be filled up. 

HIBISCUS. 

HIBISCUS SYRIACUS (_syn Althaea frutex_). --Syrian Mallow. Syria, 1596. An old occupant of our gardens, and one that cannot be too freelycultivated. When favourably situated, it often reaches 6 feet in height, with three-lobed, neatly-toothed leaves, and with large, showy blossomsthat are borne towards the end of summer. The typical species haspurplish flowers, with a crimson spot at the base of each petal, butothers, varying in colour from snow-white to purple and blue, are commonin cultivation. H. Syriacus coelestis bears bright blue flowers, whileH. Syriacus variegatus has beautifully variegated foliage. Of thedouble-flowered forms, there are several beautiful and worthy plants, the following list containing some of the best varieties of this popularshrub:--

H. Syriacus albo-pleno. " amaranthus. " amplissima. " ardens. " caerulea plena. " carnea plena. " De la Veuve. " elegantissimum. " fastuosa. " Lady Stanley. " Leopoldii. " lilacina plena. " paeoniaeflora. " puniceus plenus. " rosea plena. " rubra plena. " spectabilis plena. " violacea. 

HIPPOPHAE. 

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES. --Sea Buckthorn, or Sallow Thorn. Though generallyconsidered as a sea-side shrub, the Sea Buckthorn is by no meansexclusively so, thriving well, and attaining to large dimensions, inmany inland situations. The flowers are not at all conspicuous, but thisis amply compensated for by the beautiful silvery-like leaves and wealthof fruit borne by the shrub. In not a few instances, for fully a foot inlength, the branches are smothered with crowded clusters of brightorange berries, and which render the shrub during November and Decemberboth distinct and effective. It does best in sandy soil, and is readilyincreased from suckers, which are usually plentifully produced by oldplants. For sea-side planting it is one of our most valuable shrubs, succeeding, as it does, well down even to high water mark, and where thefoliage is lashed with the salt spray. 

HOLBOELLIA. 

HOLBOELLIA LATIFOLIA (_syn Stauntonia latifolia_). --Himalayas, 1840. Anevergreen climbing shrub that is more often found under glass than outof doors. In the South of England, however, it is quite hardy against asunny wall. It grows 12 feet high, with shining green leathery leaves, and fragrant purplish-green flowers. H. Latifolia angustifolia hasdecidedly narrower leaves than the species, but is in no other waydifferent. 

HYDRANGEA. 

HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS. --North America, 1736. This is a plant of largegrowth, but the flowers are greenish-white, and by no means conspicuous. 

H. HORTENSIS (_syn Hortensia opuloides_). --China, 1790. This is anold-fashioned garden shrub that is only hardy in the south and west ofthese islands and in the vicinity of the sea. In some of the formsnearly all the flowers are sterile, the calyx-lobes being greatlyexpanded, and in others the outer flowers only are sterile. According tothe nature of the soil the flowers vary much in colour, some being purewhite, others pink, and others of varying shades of blue. There are somevery beautiful and distinct varieties, such as H. Hortensis japonica; H. Hortensis Otaksa, with large panicles of sterile blue flowers; H. Hortensis rosea-alba, with large rosy flowers; H. Hortensis Thomas Hogg, a very free-flowering and welcome form; H. Hortensis mandschurica, andH. Hortensis stellata flore-pleno, with partially double flowers, areworthy of attention. 

H. PANICULATA. --Japan, 1874. This is one of the most distinct species, in which the flower-heads are elongated, not flat, as in most otherspecies, and from which the finest form in cultivation has beenobtained. This is H. Paniculata grandiflora, in which the flowers aresterile and pure white, forming large panicles often a foot in length. It is a magnificent variety, and, being perfectly hardy, should beextensively planted for ornament. The flowers are produced in latesummer, but remain in good form for fully two months, dying off a richreddish hue. 

H. QUERCIFOLIA. --Oak-leaved Hydrangea. Florida, 1803. This species hasneatly lobed leaves, and terminal panicles of pinky-white, but partiallybarren, flowers. 

H. SCANDENS. --Climbing Hydrangea. Japan, 1879. This is not very hardy, but with the protection of a sunny wall it grows freely. 

The Hydrangeas require a rich, loamy soil, and, unless in maritimedistricts, a warm and sheltered situation. They are readily propagatedby means of cuttings. 

HYMENANTHERA. 

HYMENANTHERA CRASSIFOLIA. --A curious New Zealand shrub with rigidashy-coloured branches, and small leathery leaves. The flowers areviolet-like in colour, but by no means conspicuous. The small whiteberries which succeed the flowers are, in autumn, particularlyattractive, and very ornamental. It is perfectly hardy and of freegrowth in light peaty earth. 

HYPERICUM. 

HYPERICUM ANDROSAEMUM. --Tutsan, or Sweet Amber. Europe (Britain). Apretty native species, growing about 2 feet high, with ovate leaveshaving glandular dots and terminal clustered cymes of yellow flowers. 

H. AUREUM. --South Carolina and Georgia, 1882. This soon forms a neat andhandsome plant. The flowers are unusually large, and remarkable for thetufts of golden-yellow stamens with which they are furnished. 

H. CALYCINUM. --Aaron's Beard, or Rose of Sharon. South-east Europe. Thisis a well-known native species of shrubby growth, bearing large yellowflowers from 3 inches to 4 inches in diameter. It is a prostrate plant, with coriaceous glossy leaves with small pellucid dots, and of greatvalue for planting in the shade. 

H. ELATUM is a spreading species from North America (1762), growing tofully 4 feet in height, and bearing terminal corymbs of large, brightyellow flowers in July and August. Leaves rather large, oblong-ovate, and revolute. On account of its spreading rapidly from the root, thisspecies requires to be planted where it will have plenty of room. 

H. HIRCINUM. --Goat-scented St. John's Wort. Mediterranean region, 1640. A small-growing and slender species, with oblong-lanceolate leaves 2inches long, and producing small yellow flowers in terminal heads. Thereis a smaller growing form known as H. Hircinum minus. The plant emits apeculiar goat-like odour. 

H. MOSERIANUM is a beautiful hybrid form with red anthers. 

H. OBLONGIFOLIUM (_syns H. Hookerianum_ and _H. Nepalensis_). --Nepaul, 1823. An evergreen species, about 4 feet high, with oblong, pellucid, dotted leaves, and deep golden, somewhat waxy flowers at the end ofsummer. 

H. PROLIFICUM. --North America, 1758. This is a much branched twiggyshrub, about 4 feet high, with small, linear-lanceolate leaves, thicklystudded with pellucid dots. Flowers not very large, five-petalled, andof a pleasing bright yellow colour. The allied if not identical H. Kalmiana is worthy of being included in a selection of these plants. 

H. URALUM. --Nepaul, 1823. A neat but fragile species that attains toabout a yard in height. Leaves rather small, elliptic, almost stalkless, and perforated with transparent dots. Flowers small and of a brightgolden yellow. 

H. Fasciculatum, H. Pyrimidatum, and H. Patulum are all worthy ofattention, where a good representative collection is of importance. TheHypericums succeed best when planted in a rather sandy and not too dryloam, and they are readily increased either from divisions or by meansof cuttings. 

IDESIA. 

IDESIA POLYCARPA (_syns Flacourtica japonica_ and _PolycarpaMaximowiczii_). --A Japanese tree of small growth, and only introduced tothis country in 1866. It is a handsome, hardy species, bearing large, bright-green leaves with conspicuous crimson footstalks, often 4 inchesacross, and of a glaucous tint on the under sides. The deliciouslyfragrant flowers are greenish-white or yellowish-green, and produced ingraceful drooping racemes. In southern England it does well, and, beinga tree of unusual beauty of both leaves and flowers, is well worthy ofattention. Rich loam, not too stiff, will grow the Idesia well. 

ILEX. 

ILEX AQUIFOLIUM. --Common Holly. Europe (Britain) and West Asia. Thoughthe Hollies are not usually reckoned ornamental for the sake of theirflowers, their berries are highly so. Some of them are neverthelessdeliciously fragrant when in bloom. The leaves of this, our nativespecies, in their typical form are oblong-ovate, wavy, and deeplyspiny-toothed. The tree flowers in May and June, while the clusters ofbright red berries ripen in autumn, persist all the winter, andsometimes even hang on tree till a second crop is matured, provided theyare not devoured by birds during severe weather. The varieties are verynumerous, and differ chiefly in the form and toothing of the leaves, which are variegated in many cases, their size and form, and in thecolour of the berries in a few instances. 

I. Aquifolium albo-marginata has ovate, nearly flat, spiny-serrateleaves, with a narrow silvery margin, and fruits freely. I. Aquifoliumfructu albo has white berries; in I. Aquifolium fructu luteo they areyellow and very abundantly produced; and in I. Aquifolium fructu nigrothey are black. I. Aquifolium handsworthensis has elliptic-oblong spinyleaves, with a creamy-white margin and marbled with gray. Grafted treesbear berries in great profusion from the time they are only a foot high, and are highly ornamental. I. Aquifolium Hodginsii has large, broadlyoblong-ovate, slightly spiny leaves, and large crimson-red berries thatripen late in autumn. I. Aquifolium Hodginsii aurea is a sub-varietywith a broad golden margin to the leaves, and the disc splashed withgray. Beautiful and distinct is I. Aquifolium Lawsoniana, with ovate, flat, almost spineless leaves, heavily and irregularly blotched withyellow in the centre. The berries are of a brilliant red. The varietydiffers from Milkmaid in having flat, nearly entire leaves. I. Aquifolium pendula has a wide, rounded, drooping head, but otherwisedoes not differ from the type. Many others bear berries, but the aboveare all very distinct forms. 

I. OPACA. --American Holly. United States, 1744. The leaves of thisspecies are oblong or oval, small, spiny-serrate, and of a dark opaquegreen. The berries, which ripen in autumn, are small, bright red, andvery liable to be eaten by birds. In America this Holly is put toprecisely the same purposes as the common Holly is in Europe. It isperfectly hardy here. 

ILLICIUM. 

ILLICIUM FLORIDANUM, from Florida (1771), is a beautiful but uncommonshrub, probably on account of its being tender and susceptible to injuryby frost, unless in the warmer and more favoured parts of the country. The fragrant flowers are of a purplish-rose, while the foliage is neatand of a pleasing green. 

I. ANISATUM (_syn I. Religiosum_), from China and Japan (1842), is tootender for outdoor culture in this country. 

INDIGOFERA. 

INIDGOFERA GERARDIANA (_syns I. Floribunda_ and _I. Dosua_). --India, 1842. This forms a compact dwarf bush in the open, but is still bettersuited for covering a wall, the growth and floriferousness being thenmuch increased. The foliage is neat and Pea-green, while the bright pinkPea-like flowers are produced in long racemes. It is a pretty bush, andgrows freely enough in any good garden soil, but very fine floweringspecimens may be seen in light, sandy soil of a peaty nature. There is awhite flowered variety named I. Gerardiana alba. 

ITEA. 

ITEA VIRGINICA. --North America, 1744. This is a neat, deciduous shrub of3 feet or 4 feet in height. The ovate-lanceolate leaves are of a lightgreyish-green, and the small white flowers are produced in dense racemesor spikes. Planted in a somewhat shady place, and in rather cool, dampsoil, this little shrub does well and flowers profusely. 

JAMESIA. 

JAMESIA AMERICANA. --Rocky Mountains and Colorado, 1865. Amongst earlyspring-flowering shrubs this pretty but neglected plant is one of thebest, of perfect hardihood, for it stands the vigour of our winters withimpunity, and of dense thick growth; it is suitable for using in avariety of ways, as well as for purely ornamental purposes. The leavesare oval and neatly dentated, and the flowers individually of largesize, pure white, and produced in terminal bunches. Cool soil and ashady situation would seem to suit the plant admirably, but for screenpurposes in the rock garden or border it is invaluable on account of thestrong and dense twigs. 

JASMINUM. 

JASMINUM FRUTICANS. --South Europe, 1570. An evergreen species, welladapted, from its rather stiff and upright growth, for planting alone. It has trifoliolate leaves and showy yellow flowers. 

J. HUMILE. --India, 1656. A hardy species of dwarf growth, and bearingbeautiful golden flowers produced in summer. 

J. NUDIFLORUM. --Naked Jasmine. China, 1844. A showy and well-knownspecies, from China, with numerous, usually solitary yellow flowers, ternate leaves, and flexible branches. The variety J. Nudiflorumaureo-variegatum has golden-variegated leaves. 

J. OFFICINALE. --Northern India to Persia, 1548. The white-floweredJasmine of our gardens is a very beautiful and desirable clamberingshrub, either for wall covering, for planting by tree stumps, rooteries, or rockeries, or for screening and draping the pergola or gardenlatticework. From its great hardihood, vigour of growth, and beauty offlowers, it is certainly one of the most deservedly popular of wallshrubs. The branches are deep green, angular, and flexible, the leavespinnate, and the flowers pure-white and sweetly-scented. The variety J. Officinale affine has flowers that are individually larger than those ofthe species; J. Officinale aurea has badly variegated leaves; J. Officinale grandiflorum and J. Officinale grandiflorum majus, are alsodesirable kinds. 

J. PUBIGERUM GLABRUM (_syn J. Wallichianum_), from North-west India, isnot well-known, being tender in most parts of the country. 

J. REVOLUTUM. --India, 1812. This has persistent dark, glossy-greenleaves, and fragrant, bright yellow flowers, produced in large, terminalclusters. From India, but perfectly hardy as a wall plant, and for whichpurpose, with its bright evergreen leaves, it is well suited. 

As regards soil, the Jasmines are very accommodating, and are propagatedby layers or cuttings. 

KADSURA. 

KADSURA JAPONICA. --Japan, 1846. This is a small-growing shrub, withlanceolate and pointed leaves, that are remotely dentated. The flowersare not very showy, being of a yellowish-white colour and about an inchacross. They are produced both terminal and axillary, and in fairabundance. The scarlet fruits are arranged in clusters, and when fullyripe are both showy and interesting. Generally speaking this shrubsuffers from severe frost, but as only the branch tips are injured, itshoots freely from the stock. It produces its flowers in the autumn. There is a variety with variegated leaves. 

KALMIA. 

KALMIA ANGUSTIFOLIA. --Sheep Laurel. Canada, 1736. This is at oncedistinguished from K. Latifolia by its much smaller and narrower leavesand smaller flowers, which latter are, however, of brighter tint andmore plentifully produced. It rarely exceeds 2 feet in height. Of thisthere are two very distinct forms, that named K. Angustifolia pumila, being of neat and dense small growth; and K. Angustifolia rubra, inwhich the flowers are of an unusually deep red. 

K. GLAUCA. --Canada and Sitcha, 1767. This, which has lilac-purpleflowers, produced in early spring, is not a very desirable species, being rather straggling of growth and with few flowers. 

K. HIRSUTA. --Hairy-leaved Kalmia. South-east Virginia to Florida, 1786. This is at once distinguished by the rather rough and hairy foliage andfew rosy-tinted flowers. It is of dwarf, neat growth. 

K. LATIFOLIA. --Calico Bush, or Mountain Laurel. Alleghanies, Canada, andWestern Florida, 1734. A favourite shrub in every garden where theconditions of soil will allow of its being successfully cultivated. Inpeaty soil, or light, friable loam and leaf soil, it forms a dense, round-headed bush, often 8 feet in height, and nearly as much through, with pleasing green leaves, and dense clusters of beautiful pink, wax-like flowers. The flowering period commences in May, and usuallyextends to the end of July. This is a choice shrub of great hardihood, and one of the handsomest flowering in cultivation. There is a stillmore beautiful form named K. Latifolia major splendens, and one withsmall Myrtle-like foliage named K. Latifolia myrtifolia. 

The members of this handsome family are, as a rule, partial to cool, damp soil, peat of a light, sandy nature being preferred. They thrivewell where Azaleas and Rhododendrons will succeed. In bold masses theyhave a fine effect, but a well developed standard specimen of thecommonly cultivated species is highly ornamental. 

KERRIA. 

KERRIA JAPONICA (_syn Corchorus japonicus_). --Japan, 1700. A Japaneseshrub, the double-flowered variety of which, K. Japonica flore-pleno, isone of our commonest wall plants. The orange-yellow flowers, produced ingreat rosettes, are highly ornamental, and have earned for the shrub awell-known name. It succeeds well almost anywhere, and, though usuallyseen as a wall plant, is perfectly hardy, and forms a neat shrub for theopen border. There is a form in which the leaves are variegated, andknown under the name of K. Japonica variegata. 

KOELREUTERIA. 

KOELREUTERIA PANICULATA. --Northern China, 1763. Whether for its foliageor flowers, this small-growing tree is worthy of a place. Though ofrather irregular growth, the beautiful foliage and large panicles ofyellowish flowers, which stand well above the leaves, make the shrub(for it does not in this country attain to tree height), one ofparticular interest, and a valuable aid in ornamental planting. In asheltered corner, and planted in rich soil, it grows and flowers freely. 

LABURNUM. 

LABURNUM ADAMI (_syn Cytisus Adami_). --A graft hybrid form between thecommon Laburnum and Cytisus purpureus, the result being flowers of theLaburnum, the true Cytisus purpureus, and the graft hybrid between thetwo. It was raised by Jean Louis Adam in 1825. It is a curious anddistinct tree, worthy of culture if only for the production of threedistinct kinds of flowers on the same plant. 

L. ALPINUM (_syn Cytisus alpinus_). --Scotch Laburnum. Europe, 1596. Thisvery closely resembles the common Laburnum, but it is of larger growth, and flowers later in the season. The flowers, too, though in longerracemes, are usually less plentifully produced. It grows 30 feet high. There is a weeping form, L. Alpinum pendulum, and another with fragrantflowers, named L. Alpinum fragrans, as also a third, with very longracemes of flowers, named L. Alpinum Alschingeri. 

L. CARAMANICUM. --Asia Minor, 1879. A bushy shrub of vigorous habit, withtrifoliolate and petiolate leaves of a pale green colour, thick andtough, and brightly polished on the upper surface. Flowers brightyellow, the calyx being helmet-shaped and rusty-red. It is a beautifulbut uncommon shrub, and succeeds very well in chalky or calcareous soil. Flowers in July. 

L. VULGARE (_syn Cytisus Laburnum_). --Common Laburnum. Southern Franceto Hungary, 1596. This is one of our commonest garden and park trees, and at the same time one of the most beautiful and floriferous. Thelarge, pendulous racemes of bright yellow flowers are, when at theirbest in May, surpassed neither in quantity nor beauty by those of anyother hardy tree. There are several varieties of this Laburnum--a fewgood, but many worthless, at least from a garden point of view. L. Vulgare Parkesii is a seedling form, bearing large racemes ofdeep-coloured flowers, often 14 inches long; L. Vulgare Watereri wasraised in the Knap Hill Nursery, Surrey, and is one of the most distinctand beautiful of the many forms into which the Laburnum has beensub-divided. The flower racemes are very long and richly coloured. L. Vulgare quercifolium and L. Vulgare sessilifolium are fairly welldescribed by their names; L. Vulgare fragans differs only in havingsweetly-scented flowers; L. Vulgare involutum has curiously-curledleaves; while L. Vulgare aureum, where it does well, is a beautiful anddistinct form. 

LARDIZABALA. 

LARDIZABALA BITERNATA. --Chili, 1848. Requires wall protection, therebeing few situations in which it will succeed when planted in the open. It is a tall, climbing shrub, with dark green persistent leaves, andbearing purplish flowers in drooping racemes in mid-winter. Planted inrather dry soil, at the base of a sunny wall, this shrub forms a by nomeans unattractive covering, the twice ternate, glossy leaves beingfresh and beautiful the winter through. 

LAPAGERIA. 

LAPAGERIA ROSEA. --Chili, 1847. This is, unfortunately, not hardy, unlessin favoured maritime districts, but in such situations it has stoodunharmed for many years, and attained to goodly proportions. It is abeautiful climber, with deep-green leaves, and large, fleshy, campanulate flowers of a deep rose colour. There is a white-floweredform called L. Alba, introduced from Chili in 1854. Planted on an eastaspect wall, and in roughly broken up peat and gritty sand, it succeedswell. 

LAVANDULA. 

LAVANDULA VERA (_syn L. Spica_). --Common Lavender. South Europe, 1568. Awell-known and useful plant, but of no particular value for ornamentalpurposes. It is of shrubby growth, with narrow-lanceolate, hoary leaves, and terminal spikes of blue flowers. 

LAVATERA. 

LAVATERA ARBOREA. --Tree Mallow. Coasts of Europe, (Britain). Astout-growing shrub reaching in favourable situations a height of fully6 feet, with broadly orbicular leaves placed on long stalks. The flowersare plentiful and showy, of a pale purplish-red colour, and collectedinto clusters. It is a seaside shrub succeeding best in shelteredmaritime recesses, and when in full flower is one of the most ornamentalof our native plants. There is also a beautiful variegated garden form, L. A. Variegata. 

LEDUM. 

LEDUM LATIFOLIUM (_syn L. Groenlandicum_). --Wild Rosemary, or LabradorTea. This is a small shrub, reaching to about 3 feet in height, indigenous to swampy ground in Canada, Greenland, and over a large areaof the colder parts of America. Leaves oval or oblong, and plentifullyproduced all over the plant. Flowers pure white, or slightly tinted withpink, produced in terminal corymbs, and usually at their best in April. A perfectly hardy, neat-growing, and abundantly-flowered shrub, but onethat, somehow, has gone greatly out of favour in this country. Thisplant has been sub-divided into several varieties, that are, perhaps, distinct enough to render them worthy of attention. They are L. Latifolium globosum, with white flowers, borne in globose heads, on theshort, twiggy, and dark-foliaged branches. L. Latifolium angustifoliahas narrower leaves than those of the species, while L. Latifoliumintermedium is of neat growth and bears pretty, showy flowers. 

L. PALUSTRE. --Marsh Ledum. This is a common European species, growingfrom 2 feet to 3 feet high, with much smaller leaves than the former, and small pinky-white flowers produced in summer. It is an interestingand pretty plant. The Ledums succeed best in cool, damp, peaty soil. 

LEIOPHYLLUM. 

LEIOPHYLLUM BUXIFOLIUM (_syns L. Thymifolia, Ammyrsine buxifolia_ and_Ledum buxifolium_). --Sand Myrtle. New Jersey and Virginia, 1736. Thisis a dwarf, compact shrub from New Jersey, with box-like leaves, andbunches of small white flowers in early summer. For using as a rockplant, and in sandy peat, it is an excellent subject, and should find aplace in every collection. 

LESPEDEZA. 

LESPEDEZA BICOLOR (_syn Desmodium penduliflorum_). --North China andJapan. A little-known but beautiful small-growing shrub, of slender, elegant growth, and reaching, under favourable culture, a height ofabout 6 feet. The leaves are trifoliolate, small, and neat, and theabundant racemes of individually small, Pea-shaped flowers are of therichest and showiest reddish-purple. Being only semi-hardy will accountfor the scarcity of this beautiful Japanese shrub, but having stooduninjured in all but the coldest parts of these islands should inducelovers of flowering shrubs to give it a fair chance. 

LEUCOTHOE. 

LEUCOTHOE AXILLARIS (_syn Andromeda axillaris_). --North America, 1765. This is of small growth, from 2 feet to 3 feet high, with oval-pointedleaves and white flowers in short racemes produced in May and June. Itis not a very satisfactory species for cultivation in this country. 

L. CATESBAEI (_syns Andromeda Catesbaei_ and _A. Axillaris_). --NorthAmerica. This has white flowers with an unpleasant odour like that ofChestnut blossoms, but is worthy of cultivation, and succeeds best incool sandy peat or friable yellow loam. 

L. DAVISIAE, from California (1853), is a very handsome evergreen shrub, of small and neat growth, and will be found an acquisition where compactshrubs are in demand. The leaves are small, of a deep green colour, andremain throughout the year. Flowers produced in great abundance at thebranch tips, usually in dense clusters, and individually small and purewhite. 

L. RECURVA (_syn Andromeda recurva_). --North America. A very distinctplant on account of the branch tips being almost of a scarlet tint, andthus affording a striking contrast to the grayish-green of the olderbark. The flowers are pinky-white and produced in curving racemes andabundantly over the shrub. Like other members of the family it delightsto grow in cool sandy peat. 

LEYCESTERIA. 

LEYCESTERIA FORMOSA, from Nepaul (1824), is an erect-growing, deciduousshrub, with green, hollow stems, and large ovate, pointed leaves of avery deep green colour. The flowers are small, and white or purplish, and produced in long, pendulous, bracteate racemes from the axils ofthe upper leaves. It is one of the most distinct and interesting ofhardy shrubs, the deep olive-green of both stem and leaves, andabundantly-produced and curiously-shaped racemes, rendering it aconspicuous object wherever planted. Perfectly hardy, and of free, almost rampant growth in any but the stiffest soils. Cuttings rootfreely and grow rapidly. 

LIGUSTRUM. 

LIGUSTRUM IBOTA (_syn L. Amurense_). --Japan, 1861. A compact growingspecies, about 3 feet in height, with small spikes of pure white flowersproduced freely during the summer months. 

L. JAPONICUM (_syns L. Glabrum, L. Kellennanni, L. Sieboldii_ and _L. Syringaeflorum_). --Japan Privet. This is a dwarf-growing species rarelyexceeding 4 feet in height, with broad, smooth, glossy-green leaves, andlarge compound racemes of flowers. There are several varieties, including L. Japonicum microphyllum, with smaller leaves than theparent; and one with tricoloured foliage and named L. Japonicumvariegatum. 

L. LUCIDUM (_syns L. Magnoliaefolium_ and _L. Strictum_). --Shining-leavedPrivet, or Woa Tree. China, 1794. A pretty evergreen species, with ovalleaves, and terminal, thyrsoid panicles of white flowers. It is an oldinhabitant of our gardens, and forms a somewhat erect, twiggy bush, offully 10 feet in height. Of this there are two varieties, one withlarger bunches of flowers, and named L. Lucidum floribundum, and anotherwith variegated leaves, L. Lucidum variegatum. L. Lucidum coriaceum(Leathery-leaved Privet) is a distinct variety, with thick, leathery-green leaves, and dense habit of growth. 

L. OVALIFOLIUM (_syn L. Californicum_). --Oval-leaved Privet. Japan, 1877. This is a commonly-cultivated species, with semi-evergreen leaves, and spikes of yellowish-white flowers. It is a good hedge plant, andsucceeds well as a town shrub. There are several variegated forms, ofwhich L. Ovalifolium variegatum (Japan, 1865) and L. Ovalifolium aureumare the best. 

L. QUIHOI. --China, 1868. This is a much valued species, as it does notflower until most of its relations have finished. Most of the Privetsflower at mid-summer, but this species is often only at its best by thelast week of October and beginning of November. It forms a stragglingfreely-branched shrub, of fully 6 feet in height and nearly as muchthrough, with dark shining-green oblong leaves, and loose terminalpanicles of pure white, powerfully-scented flowers. It flourishes, likemost of the Privets, on poor soil, and is a little-known species thatnote should be made of during the planting season. 

L. SINENSE (_syns L. Villosum_ and _L. Ibota villosum_). --ChinesePrivet. China, 1858. This is a tall deciduous shrub, with oblong andtomentose leaves, and flowers in loose, terminal panicles and producedfreely in August. L. Sinense nanum is one of the prettiest forms incultivation. It is almost evergreen, with a horizontal mode of growth, and dense spikes of crearny-white flowers, so thickly produced as almostto hide the foliage from view. It is a most distinct and desirablevariety. 

L. VULGARE. --Common Privet. Although one of our commonest shrubs, thisPrivet can hardly be passed unnoticed, for the spikes of creamy-whiteflowers, that are deliciously scented, are both handsome and effective. Of the common Privet there are several distinct and highly ornamentalforms, such as L. Vulgare variegatum, L. Vulgare pendulum, havingcuriously-creeping branches, and the better-known and valuable L. Vulgare sempervirens (_syn L. Italicum_), the Italian Privet. 

LINNAEA. 

LINNAEA BOREALIS. --Twin Flower. A small and elegant, much-creepingevergreen shrub, with small, ovate crenate leaves, and pairs of veryfragrant, pink flowers. Two conditions are necessary for itscultivation--a half-shaded aspect where bottom moisture is alwayspresent, and a deep, rich, friable loam. A native of Scotland andEngland, flowering in July. 

LIPPIA. 

LIPPIA CITRIODORA (_syns Aloysia citriodora_ and _Verbenatriphylla_). --Lemon-scented Verbena. Chili, 1794. With its slenderbranches and pale green, pleasantly-scented, linear leaves, this littleplant is a general favourite that needs no description. The flowers arenot very ornamental, being white or lilac, and produced in small, terminal panicles. A native of Chili, it is not very hardy, but grownagainst a sunny wall, and afforded the protection of a mat in winter, with a couple of shovelfuls of cinders heaped around the stem, it passesthrough the most severe weather with little or no injury, save, in someinstances, the branch tips being killed back. Propagated readily fromcuttings placed in a cool frame or under a hand-light. 

LIRIODENDRON. 

LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA. --Tulip Tree. North America, 1688. One of thenoblest hardy exotic trees in cultivation. The large, four-lobed, truncate leaves, of a soft and pleasing green, are highly ornamental, and are alone sufficient to establish the identity of the tree. Flowerslarge, yellow, and sweet-scented, and usually freely produced when thetree has attained to a height of between 20 feet and 30 feet. When weconsider the undoubted hardihood of the tree and indifference to soil, its noble aspect, handsome foliage that is so distinct from that of anyother tree, and showy flowers, we feel justified in placing it in thevery first rank of ornamental trees. L. Tulipifera integrifolia hasentire leaves, which render it distinct from the type; L. Tulipiferafastigiata, or pyramidalis, is of erect growth; L. Tulipifera aurea, with golden foliage; and L. Tulipifera crispa, with the leaves curiouslyundulated--a peculiarity which seems constant, but is more curious thanbeautiful. Few soils come amiss to the Tulip Tree, it thriving well inthat of very opposite descriptions--loam, almost pure gravel, andalluvial deposit. 

LONICERA. 

LONICERA CAPRIFOLIUM. --Europe. This species resembles L. Periclymenum, but is readily distinguished by the sessile flower-heads, andfawny-orange flowers. 

L. FLEXUOSA (_syn L. Brachypoda_). --Japan, 1806. This is a prettyspecies, and one of the most useful of the climbing section. By itsslender, twining, purplish stems, it may at once be distinguished, asalso by the deep green, purplish-tinted leaves, and sweetly-scentedflowers of various shades of yellow and purple. A native of China, andperfectly hardy as a wall plant. L. Flexuosa aureo-reticulata is aworthy variety, in which the leaves are beautifully netted or variegatedwith yellow. 

L. FRAGRANTISSIMA. --China, 1845. This species is often confounded withL. Standishii, but differs in at least one respect, that the former isstrictly a climber, while the latter is of bushy growth. The leaves, too, of L. Standishii are hairy, which is not the case with the otherspecies. It is a very desirable species, with white fragrant flowers, produced during the winter season. 

L. PERICLYMENUM. --Honeysuckle, or Woodbine. An indigenous climbingshrub, with long, lithe, and twisted cable-like branches, and bearingheads of sweetly-scented, reddish-yellow flowers. This is a favouritewild plant, and in the profusion and fragrance of its flowers it issurpassed by none of the exotic species. There are several distinctnursery forms of this plant, including those known as L. PericlymenumLate Dutch, L. Periclymenum Early Cream, and L. Periclymenumodoratissimum; as also one with variegated foliage. 

L. SEMPERVIRENS. --Scarlet Trumpet Honeysuckle. A North Americanevergreen species (1656), with scarlet, almost inodorous flowers, produced freely during the summer. For wall covering it is one of themost useful of the family. The variety L. Sempervirens minor is worthyof attention. 

L. STANDISHII, a Chinese species (1860), has deliciously fragrant whileflowers, with a slight purplish tint, and is well worthy of attention, it soon forming a wall covering of great beauty. 

L. TATARICA. ---Tartarian Honeysuckle. Tartary, 1752. This is a veryvariable species, in so far at least as the colour of flowers isconcerned, and has given rise to several handsome varieties. The typicalplant has rosy flowers, but the variety L. Tatarica albiflora has purewhite flowers; and another, L. Tatarica rubriflora has freely producedpurplish-red flowers. 

L. XYLOSTEUM (_syn Xylosteum dumetorum_). --Fly Honeysuckle. Europe(England) to the Caucasus. The small, creamy-white flowers of this plantare not particularly showy, but the scarlet berries are more conspicuousin September and October. The gray bark of the branches has also adistinct effect in winter when grown in contrast to the red-barkedspecies of Cornus, Viburnum, and yellow-barked Osier. It is one of theoldest occupants of British shrubberies. L. Xylosteum leucocarpum haswhite berries; those of L. Xylosteum melanocarpum are black; and in L. Xylosteum xanthocarpum they are yellow. 

The Honeysuckles are all of the readiest culture, and succeed well invery poor soils, and in that of opposite qualities. Propagated fromcuttings or by layering. 

LOROPETALON. 

LOROPETALON CHINENSE. --Khasia Mountains and China, 1880. This is apretty and interesting shrub belonging to the more familiar Witch Hazelfamily. Flowers clustered in small heads, the calyx pale green, and thelong linear petals almost pure white. Being quite hardy, and interestingas well as ornamental, should insure this Chinese shrub a place in everygood collection. 

LYCIUM. 

LYCIUM BARBARUM. --Box Thorn, or Tea Tree. North Asia, 1696. A prettylax, trailing shrub, with long, slender, flexible twigs, smalllinear-lanceolate leaves, and rather sparsely-produced lilac or violetflowers. Planted against a wall, or beside a stout-growing, open-habitedshrub, where the peculiarly lithe branches can find support, this plantdoes best. Probably nowhere is the Box Thorn so much at home as inseaside places, it then attaining to sometimes 12 feet in height, andbearing freely its showy flowers during summer, and the bright scarletor orange berries in winter. 

L. EUROPAEUM. --European Box Thorn. South Europe, 1730. This is a spiny, rambling shrub, that may often be seen clambering over some cottageporch, or used as a fence or wall plant in many parts of England. Itoften grows nearly 20 feet long, and is then a plant of great beauty, with linear-spathulate leaves of the freshest green, and pretty littlepink or reddish flowers. For quickly covering steep, dry banks andmounds where few other plants could exist this European Box Thorn isinvaluable. Either species will grow in very poor, dry soil, and isreadily propagated by means of cuttings. 

LYONIA. 

LYONIA PANICULATA (_syns L. Ligustrina, Andromeda globulifera, A. Pilifera_, and _Menziesia globularis_). --North America, 1806. Thisspecies grows about a yard high, with clustered, ovate leaves, andpretty, pinky, drooping flowers. 

MACLURA. 

MACLURA AURANTIACA. --Osage Orange, or Bow-wood. North America, 1818. This is a wide-spreading tree with deciduous foliage, and armed withspines along the branches. The leaves are three inches long, ovate andpointed, and of a bright shining green. Flowers rather inconspicuous, being green with a light tinge of yellow, and succeeded by fruit bearinga resemblance when ripe to the Seville orange. It is hardy, and growsfreely in rather sandy or gravelly soil. 

MAGNOLIA. 

MAGNOLIA ACUMINATA. --Cucumber Tree. North America, 1736. This is a largeand handsome species, of often as much as 50 feet in height, and with ahead that is bushy in proportion. The leaves are 6 inches long, ovateand pointed, and of a refreshing shade of green. Flowersgreenish-yellow, sweetly scented, and produced abundantly all over thetree. They are succeeded by small, roughish fruit, resembling an infantcucumber, but they usually fall off before becoming ripe. 

M. CAMPBELII. --Sikkim, 1868. This is a magnificent Indian species, but, unfortunately, it is not hardy except in the favoured English and Irishlocalities. The leaves are large, and silky on the undersides, while theflowers are crimson and white, and equally as large as those of thebetter-known M. Grandiflora. 

M. CONSPICUA (_syn M. Yulan_). --Yulan. China, 1789. A large-growingshrub, with Pea-green, deciduous foliage, and large, pure white flowersthat oft get damaged by the spring frosts. M. Conspicua Soulangeana is asupposed hybrid between M. Conspicua and M. Obovata. Whatever may be theorigin of this Magnolia, it is certainly a handsome and showy plant ofvery vigorous growth, producing freely its white, purple-tinted flowers, and which last for a long time in perfection. There are several othervarieties, including M. Conspicua Soulangeana nigra, with dark purplishflowers; M. Conspicua Alexandrina, M. Conspicua Soulangeana speciosa, and M. Conspicua Norbertii. 

M. CORDATA, a native of the Southern Alleghanies (1801), is still rarein collections. It is a small-growing, deciduous species, with yellowflowers, that are neither scented nor showy. 

M. FRASERI (_syn M. Auriculata_). --Long-leaved Cucumber Tree. NorthAmerica, 1786. This species has distinctly auriculated leaves and large, yellowish-white, fragrant flowers. 

M. GLAUCA. --Laurel Magnolia. North America, 1688. This is one of thecommonest species in our gardens, and at the same time one of thehardiest. It is of shrub size, with Laurel-like leaves, andsweetly-scented, small, pure white flowers, produced about the end ofJune. 

M. GRANDIFLORA. --North America, 1737. One of the handsomest species, with very large, glossy, evergreen leaves, and deliciously odoriferous, creamy-white flowers, that are often fully 6 inches across. It isusually seen as a wall plant, and the slight protection thus afforded isalmost a necessity in so far as the development of the foliage andflowers is concerned. M. Grandiflora exoniensis (Exmouth Magnolia) is avery handsome form. 

M. LENNEI. --This is a garden hybrid between M. Conspicua and M. Obovatadiscolor, and has flowers as large as a goose's egg, of a rosy-purplecolour, and produced profusely. 

M. MACROPHYLLA. --North America, 1800. This species has very large leavesand flowers, larger, perhaps, than those of any other species. They arevery showy, being white with a purple centre. It attains a height of 30feet. 

M. OBOVATA DISCOLOR (_syn M. Purpurea_). --Japan, 1790. This is asmall-growing, deciduous shrub, with large, dark green leaves, andTulip-shaped flowers, that are purple on the outside and almost whitewithin. 

M. PARVIFLORA, from Japan, with creamy-white, fragrant flowers, that areglobular in shape, is a very distinct and attractive species, but cannotgenerally be relied upon as hardy. 

M. STELLATA (_syn M. Halleana_). --Japan, 1878. A neat, small-growing, Japanese species, of bushy habit, and quite hardy in this country. Thesmall, white, fragrant flowers are produced abundantly, even on youngplants, and as early as April. One of the most desirable and handsome ofthe small-growing species. M. Stellata (pink variety) received an Awardof Merit at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on March 28, 1893. This bids fair to be really a good thing, and may best bedescribed as a pink-flowered form of the now well-known and popularspecies. 

M. UMBRELLA (_syn M. Tripetala_). --Umbrella Tree. North America, 1752. Anoble species, with large, deep green leaves, that are often 16 incheslong. It is quite hardy around London, and produces its large, white, fragrant flowers in succession during May and June. The fruit is largeand showy, and of a deep purplish-red colour. 

MEDICAGO. 

MEDICAGO ARBOREA. --South Europe, 1596. This species grows to the heightof 6 feet or 8 feet, and produces its Pea-shaped flowers from Juneonwards. The leaves are broadly oval and serrated at the tips, but theyvary in this respect. It is not hardy unless in warm, sheltered cornersof southern England and Ireland, although it stood unharmed for manyyears at Kew. It succeeds best, and is less apt to receive injury, whenplanted in rather dry and warm soil. 

MENISPERMUM. 

MENISPERMUM CANADENSE. --Moonseed. North America, 1691. This shrub isprincipally remarkable for the large, reniform, peltate leaves, whichare of value for covering pergolas, bowers and walls. The flowers are ofno great account, being rather inconspicuous and paniculate. It is hardyin most places, and is worthy of culture for its graceful habit andhandsome foliage. 

MICROGLOSSA. 

MICROGLOSSA ALBESCENS (_syn Aster albescens_ and _A. Cabulicus_). --Himalayas, 1842. This member of the Compositae family is amuch-branched shrub, with grayish lanceolate foliage, and clusters offlowers about 6 inches in diameter, and of a bluish or mauve colour. Itis a native of Nepaul, and, with the protection of a wall, perfectlyhardy around London. 

MITCHELLA. 

MITCHELLA REPENS. --Partridge Berry. North America, 1761. A low-growing, creeping plant, having oval, persistent leaves, white flowers, andbrilliant scarlet fruit. It is a neat little bog plant, resemblingFuchsia procumbens in habit, and with bunches of the brightestCotoneaster-like fruit. For rock gardening, or planting on the marginsof beds in light, peaty soil, this is one of the handsomest and mostbeautiful of hardy creeping shrubs. 

MITRARIA. 

MITRARIA COCCINEA. --Scarlet Mitre Pod. Chiloe, 1848. This is only hardyin the South of England and Ireland, and even there it requires wallprotection. It is a pretty little shrub, with long, slender shoots, which, during the early part of the summer, are studded with the brightred, drooping blossoms, which are urn-shaped, and often nearly 2 incheslong. It delights in damp, lumpy, peat. 

MYRICA. 

MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA (_syn Comptonia asplenifolia_). --Sweet Fern. NorthAmerica, 1714. A North American plant of somewhat straggling growth, growing to about 4 feet high, and with linear, pinnatified, sweet-smelling leaves. The flowers are of no decorative value, beingsmall and inconspicuous, but for the fragrant leaves alone the shrubwill always be prized. It grows well in peaty soil, is very hardy, andmay be increased by means of offsets. This shrub is nearly allied to ournative Myrica or Sweet Gale. 

M. CALIFORNICA. --Californian Wax Myrtle. California, 1848. In this wehave a valuable evergreen shrub that is hardy beyond a doubt, and thatwill thrive in the very poorest classes of soils. In appearance itsomewhat resembles our native plant, but is preferable to it on accountof the deep green, persistent leaves. The leaves are about 3 incheslong, narrow, and produced in tufts along the branches. Unlike ournative species, the Californian Wax Myrtle has no pleasant aroma to theleaves. 

M. CERIFERA. --Common Candle-berry Myrtle. Canada, 1699. This is a neatlittle shrub, usually about 4 feet high, with oblong-lanceolate leaves, and inconspicuous catkins. 

M. GALE. --Sweet Gale or Bog Myrtle. This has inconspicuous flowers, andis included here on account of the deliciously fragrant foliage, andwhich makes it a favourite with cultivators generally. It is a nativeshrub, growing from 3 feet to 4 feet high, with deciduous, linear-lanceolate leaves, and clustered catkins appearing before theleaves. A moor or bog plant, and of great value for planting by the pondor lake side, or along with the so-called American plants, for the aromagiven off by the foliage. 

The Myricas are all worthy of cultivation, although the flowers areinconspicuous--their neat and in most cases fragrant foliage, andadaptability to poor soil or swampy hollows, being extrarecommendations. 

MYRTUS. 

MYRTUS COMMUNIS. --Common Myrtle. South Europe, 1597. A well-known shrub, which, unless in very favoured spots and by the sea-side, cannot surviveour winters. Where it does well, and then only as a wall plant, this andits varieties are charming shrubs with neat foliage and an abundance ofshowy flowers. The double-flowered varieties are very handsome, but theyare more suitable for glass culture than planting in the open. 

M. LUMA (_syn Eugenia apiculata_ and _E. Luma_). --Chili. Thoughsometimes seen growing out of doors, this is not to be recommended forgeneral planting, it being best suited for greenhouse culture. 

M. UGNI (_syn Eugenia Ugni_). --Valdivia, 1845. A small-growing, Myrtle-like shrub, that is only hardy in favoured parts of the country. It is of branching habit, with small, wiry stems, oval, coriaciousleaves, and pretty pinky flowers. The edible fruit is highly ornamental, being of a pleasing ruddy tinge tinted with white. This dwarf-growingshrub wants the protection of a wall, and when so situated in warmseaside parts of the country soon forms a bush of neat and pleasingappearance. 

NEILLIA. 

NEILLIA OPULIFOLIA (_syn Spiraea opulifolia_). --Nine Bark. NorthAmerica, 1690. A hardy shrub, nearly allied to Spiraea. It produces aprofusion of umbel-like corymbs of pretty white flowers, that aresucceeded by curious swollen membraneous purplish fruit. N. Opulifoliaaurea is worthy of culture, it being of free growth and distinct fromthe parent plant. 

N. THYRSIFLORA, Nepaul, 1850, would seem to be quite as hardy as N. Opulifolia, and is of more evergreen habit. The leaves are doublyserrated and three lobed, and cordate-ovate. Flowers white in spicate, thyrsoid racemes, and produced rather sparsely. 

NESAEA. 

NESAEA SALICIFOLIA (_syn Heimia salicifolia_). --Mexico, 1821. This canonly be styled as half hardy, but with wall protection it forms a prettybush often fully a yard in height. The leaves resemble those of somespecies of Willow, being long and narrow, while the showy yellow flowersare freely produced in August and September. It thrives best whenplanted in light, dry soil, and in a sheltered position. 

NEVIUSA. 

NEVIUSA ALABAMENSIS. --Alabama Snow Wreath. Alabama, 1879. This is a rareAmerican shrub, with leaves reminding one of those of the Nine Bark, Neillia opulifolia, and the flowers, which are freely produced along thefull length of the shoots, are white or yellowish-green, with prominentstamens of a tufted brush-like character. It is usually treated as agreen-house plant, but may be seen growing and flowering freely in theopen ground at Kew. 

NUTTALLIA. 

NUTTALLIA CERASIFORMIS. --Osoberry. California, 1848. This shrub is ofgreat value on account of the flowers being produced in the early weeksof the year, and when flowers are few and far between. It grows from 6feet to 10 feet high, with a thick, twiggy head, and drooping racemes ofwhite flowers borne thickly all over the plant. Few soils come amiss tothis neglected shrub, it growing and flowering freely even on poorgravelly clay, and where only a limited number of shrubs could succeed. 

OLEARIA. 

OLEARIA HAASTII. --New Zealand, 1872. This Composite shrub is only hardyin the milder parts of England and Ireland. It is of stiff, dwarfgrowth, rarely growing more than 4 feet high, but of neat and compacthabit. Flowering as it does in late summer it is rendered of specialvalue, the Daisy-like white blossoms being produced in large and flatclusters at the branch tips. The leaves are neat and of leatherytexture, and being evergreen lend an additional charm to the shrub. 

O. MACRODONTA (_syn O. Dentata_), from New Zealand, 1886, is tolerablyhardy, and may be seen in good form both at Kew and in the South ofIreland. The large Holly-like leaves are of a peculiar silvery-greentint above, and almost white on the under sides. Flowers white, andproduced in dense heads in June and July. 

O. Forsterii and O. Gunniana (_syn Eurybia Gunniana_) are nearly hardyspecies, the latter, from New Zealand, bearing a profusion of whiteDaisy-like flowers on dense, twiggy branches. 

ONONIS. 

ONONIS ARVENSIS. --Restharrow. A native undershrub of very variable size, according to the position in which it is found growing. It creeps alongthe ground, the shoots sending out roots as they proceed, and is usuallyfound on dry sandy banks. The flowers when at their best are veryornamental, being bright pink, and with the standard streaked with adeeper shade. They are abundantly produced, and render the plant veryconspicuous during the summer and autumn months. When planted on an oldwall, and allowed to roam at will, the Restharrow is, perhaps, seen tobest advantage. 

OSMANTHUS. 

OSMANTHUS AQUIFOLIUM ILLICIFOLIUS. --Holly-leaved Osmanthus. Japan. Thisis a handsome evergreen shrub, with Holly-like leaves, and not veryconspicuous greenish-white flowers. It is a very desirable shrub, ofwhich there are varieties named O. A. Ilicifolius argenteo-variegatus, O. A. Ilicifolius aureo-variegatus, and O. A. Ilicifolius nanus, thenames of which will be sufficient to define their characters. 

O. A. ILICIFOLIUS MYRTIFOLIUS. --Myrtle-leaved Osmanthus. A very distinctand beautiful shrub, with unarmed leaves. It is of dwarf, compactgrowth, with small, sharply-pointed leaves, and inconspicuous flowers. For the front line of a shrubbery this is an invaluable shrub, itspretty leaves and neat twiggy habit making it a favourite with planters. The variety rotundifolius is seldom seen in cultivation, but beingdistinct in foliage from any of the others is to be recommended. Theygrow freely in any good garden soil, but all the better if a little peatis added at the time of planting. 

OSTRYA. 

OSTRYA CARPINIFOLIA (_syn O. Vulgaris_). --Common Hop Hornbeam. SouthEurope, 1724. A much-branched, round-headed tree, with cordate-ovate, acuminate leaves. Both this and the following species, by reason of theresemblance between their female catkins and those of the Hop, andbetween their leaves and those of the Hornbeam, have acquired the verydescriptive name of Hop Hornbeam. This is a large-growing tree, specimens in various parts of the country ranging in height from 50 feetto 60 feet. 

O. VIRGINICA. --Virginian Hop Hornbeam. Eastern United States, 1692. Resembles the latter, but is of smaller growth, rarely exceeding 40 feetin height. They grow fairly well in almost any class of soil, and onaccount of the long and showy catkins are well worthy of cultivation. 

OXYDENDRUM. 

OXYDENDRUM ARBOREUM (_syn Andromeda arborea_). --Sorrel-tree. EasternUnited States, 1752. Unfortunately this species is not often found undercultivation, being unsuitable generally for our climate. In someinstances, however, it has done well, a specimen in the Knap HillNursery, Surrey, being 30 feet high, and with a dense rounded head. Theflowers are very beautiful, being of a waxy white, and producedabundantly. It wants a free rich soil, and not too exposed site. 

OZOTHAMNUS. 

OZOTHAMNUS ROSMARINIFOLIUS. --Australia, 1827. A pretty little AustralianComposite, forming a dense, twiggy shrub, with narrow, Rosemary-likeleaves, and small, whitish, Aster-like flowers which resemble those ofits near relative, the Olearia, and are produced so thickly that theplant looks like a sheet of white when the blooms are fully developed. It flowers in June and July. In most parts of the country it willrequire protection, but can be classed as fairly hardy. Cuttings rootfreely if placed in sandy soil in a cool frame. 

PAEONIA. 

PAEONIA MOUTAN. --Moutan Paeony, or Chinese Tree Paeony. China and Japan, 1789. A beautiful shrubby species introduced from China about onehundred years ago. The first of the kind introduced to England hadsingle flowers, and the plant is figured in Andrews' _Botanists'Repository_ (tab. 463) under the name of P. Papaveracea. The flowers arewhite with a dark red centre. In the _Botanical Magazine_ (tab. 2175), the same plant is figured under the name of P. Moutan var. Papaveracea. This is perfectly hardy in our gardens, and is the parent of manybeautiful and distinct varieties, including double and single white, pink, crimson, purple, and striped. 

PALIURUS. 

PALIURUS ACULEATUS (_syn P. Australis_). --Christ's Thorn, or GardenThorn. Mediterranean region, 1596. A densely-branched, spiny shrub, withsmall leaves, and not very showy, yellowish-green flowers. It grows andflowers freely enough in light, peaty earth, but is not very hardy, thetips of the branches being usually killed back should the winter be atall severe. 

PARROTIA. 

PARROTIA PERSICA. --Persia, 1848. Well known for the lovely autumnaltints displayed by the foliage when dying off. But for the flowers, too, it is well worthy of culture, the crimson-tipped stamens of the maleflowers being singularly beautiful and uncommon. In February it is nounusual sight to see on well-established plants whole branches that areprofusely furnished with these showy flowers. For planting in a warmcorner of a rather dry border it seems to be well suited; but it isperfectly hardy and free of growth when suited with soil and site. It isas yet rare in cultivation, but is sure, when better known and morewidely disseminated, to become a general favourite with lovers of hardyshrubs. 

PASSIFLORA. 

PASSIFLORA CAERULEA. --Passion Flower. Brazil and Peru, 1699. Though notperfectly hardy, yet this handsome climbing plant, if cut down to theground, usually shoots up freely again in the spring. The flowers, whichare produced very freely, but particularly in maritime districts, varyfrom white to blue, and the prettily-fringed corona and centre of theflower render the whole peculiarly interesting and beautiful. P. Caerulea Constance Elliott has greenish-white flowers; and P. CaeruleaColvillei has white sepals and a blue fringe. The latter is of morerobust growth, and more floriferous than the species. 

PAULOWNIA. 

PAULOWNIA IMPERIALIS. --Japan, 1840. This is a handsome, fast-growingtree, and one that is particularly valuable for its ample foliage, anddistinct and showy flowers. Though perfectly hardy, in other respects itis unfortunate that the season at which the Paulownia flowers is soearly that, unless the conditions are unusually favourable, the flowerbuds get destroyed by the frost. The tree grows to fully 40 feet high inthis country, and is a grandly decorative object in its foliage alone, and for which, should the flowers never be produced, it is well worthyof cultivation. They are ovate-cordate, thickly covered with a grayishwoolly tomentum, and often measure, but particularly in young andhealthy trees, as much as 10 inches in length. The Foxglove-like flowersare purplish-violet and spotted, and borne in terminal panicles. Theyare sweetly-scented. When favourably situated, and in cool, sandy loamor peaty earth, the growth of the tree is very rapid, and when a treehas been cut over, the shoots sent out often exceed 6 feet in length inone season, and nearly 2 inches in diameter. There are many fine oldtrees throughout the country, and which testify to the general hardihoodof the Paulownia. 

PERIPLOCA. 

PERIPLOCA GRAECA. --Poison Vine. South Eastern Europe, and Orient, 1597. A tall, climbing shrub, with small, ovate-lanceolate leaves, andclusters of curious purplish-brown, green-tipped flowers produced insummer. The long, incurved appendages, in the shape of a crown, andplaced so as to protect the style and anthers, render the flowers ofpeculiar interest. Though often used as a greenhouse plant, it isperfectly hardy, and makes a neat, deciduous wall or arch covering, thriving to perfection in rich soil that is well-drained. It is readilypropagated from cuttings. 

PERNETTYA. 

PERNETTYA MUCRONATA (_syn Arbutus mucronata_). --Prickly Heath. Magellan, 1828. This is a dwarf-growing, wiry shrub, with narrow, stiff leaves, and bears an abundance of white, bell-shaped flowers. It is a capitalwind screen, and may be used to advantage on the exposed side ofrockwork or flower beds, or as an ornamental shrub by the pond or lakeside. The small dark-green leaves, the tiny white flowers, and greatabundance of deep purple berries in winter, are all points that are infavour of the shrub for extended cultivation. The pretty, pinky shoots, too, help to make the plant attractive even in mid-winter. Propagationby layers or seed is readily brought about. To grow this shrub toperfection, peaty soil or decayed vegetable matter will be found mostsuitable. There is a narrow-leaved form named P. Mucronata angustifolia, and another on which the name of P. Mucronata speciosa has beenbestowed. 

There are many beautiful-berried forms of the Pernettya, but as theirflowers are small can hardly be included in our list. 

PHILADELPHUS. 

PHILADELPHUS CORONARIUS. --Mock Orange, or Syringa. South Europe, 1596. Awell-known and valuable garden shrub, of from 6 feet to 10 feet high, with ovate and serrulated leaves, and pretty racemes of white oryellowish-white, fragrant flowers. P. Coronarius aureo-variegatus is oneof the numerous forms of this shrub, having brightly-tinted, goldenfoliage, but the flowers are in no way superior to those of the parent. It is, if only for the foliage, an extremely pretty and distinctvariety. P. Coronarius argenteo-variegatus has silvery-tinted leaves; P. Coronarius flore-pleno, full double flowers; and P. Coronarius Keteleeriflore-pleno is the best double-flowered form in cultivation. 

P. GORDONIANUS, an American species (1839), is a well-known andbeautiful shrub, in which the flowers are usually double the size ofthose of the common species, and which are not produced till July, whilethose of P. Coronarius appear in early May. 

P. GRANDIFLORUS (_syns P. Floribundus, P. Latifolius_ and _P. Speciosus_). --Southern United States, 1811. This has rotundate, irregularly-toothed leaves, and large white, sweetly-scented flowersproduced in clusters. This forms a stout bush 10 feet high, and as muchthrough. There are two varieties, P. Grandiflorus laxus, and P. Grandiflorus speciosissimus, both distinct and pretty kinds. 

P. HIRSUTUS. --North America, 1820. Another handsome, small-floweredspecies, of dwarf growth, and having hairy leaves. 

P. INODOROUS, also from North America (1738), differs little in sizeand shape of flowers from P. Grandiflorus, but the flowers are withoutscent. The leaves, too, are quite glabrous and obscurely toothed. 

P. LEMOINEI BOULE D'ARGENT is a cross, raised in 1888, from P. Lemoineiand the double-flowered form of P. Coronarius. The flowers are doublewhite and with the pleasant, but not heavy, scent of P. Microphyllus. P. Lemoinei Gerbe de Neige bears pleasantly-scented flowers that are aslarge as those of the well-known P. Speciosissimus. There is an erectform of P. Lemoinei named erectus that is also worthy of note. 

P. LEWISI, from North America, is hardly sufficiently distinct from someof the others to warrant special notice. 

P. MICROPHYLLUS, from New Mexico (1883), is of low growth, andremarkable for its slender branches, small, Myrtle-like leaves, andabundance of small, white flowers. It is a decidedly pretty shrub, butis not so hardy as the others. 

P. SATZUMI (_syn P. Chinensis_). --Japan, 1851. A slender-growingspecies, with long and narrow leaves, and large, white flowers. 

P. TRIFLORUS and P. MEXICANUS are other species that might be worthy ofincluding in a representative collection of these plants. 

This is a valuable genus of shrubs, all being remarkable for theabundance of white, and usually sweet-scented, flowers which theyproduce. They require no special treatment, few soils, if at all freeand rich, coming amiss to them; while even as shrubs for shadysituations they are not to be despised. Propagation is effected by meansof cuttings, which root freely if placed in sandy soil. 

PHILLYREA. 

P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (narrow-leaved Phillyrea), P. Ilicifolia (Holly-leavedPhillyrea), P. Salicifolia (Willow-leaved Phillyrea), P. Buxifolia(Box-leaved Phillyrea), and P. Ligustrifolia (Privet-leaved Phillyrea), are all more or less valuable species, and their names indicate theirpeculiarities of leafage. P. Angustifolia rosmarinifolia (_syn P. Neapolitana_) is a somewhat rare shrub, but one that is well worthy ofculture, if only for its neat habit and tiny little Rosemary-likeleaves. It is from Italy, and known under the synonym of _P. Rosmarinifolia_. 

P. LATIFOLIA (_syn P. Obliqua_). --Broad-leaved Phillyrea. South Europe, 1597. This is a compact-growing and exceedingly ornamental shrub, withbright and shining, ovate-serrulated leaves. For its handsome, evergreenfoliage and compact habit of growth it is, perhaps, most to be valued, for the small flowers are at their best both dull and inconspicuous. Notvery hardy unless in the sea-coast garden. 

P. MEDIA (_syns P. Ligustrifolia_ and _P. Oleaefolia_). --South Europe, 1597. This is another interesting species, but not at all common incultivation. 

P. VILMORINIANA (_syns P. Laurifolia_ and _P. Decora_). --Asia Minor, 1885, This is a grand addition to these valuable shrubs, of which it isdecidedly the best from an ornamental point of view. It is of compactgrowth, with large, Laurel-like leaves, which are of a pleasing shade ofgreen, and fully 4 inches long. They are of stout, leathery texture, andplentifully produced. That this shrub is perfectly hardy is now awell-established fact. 

The Phillyreas succeed well in light, warm, but not too dry soil, andthey do all the better if a warm and sheltered position is assigned tothem. Being unusually bright of foliage, they are of great service inplanting for shrubbery embellishment, and which they light up in a veryconspicuous manner during the dull winter months. They get shabby andmeagre foliaged if exposed to cold winds. 

PHLOMIS. 

PHLOMIS FRUTICOSA. --Jerusalem Sage. Mediterranean region, 1596. This isa neat-growing shrubby plant, with ovate acute leaves, that are coveredwith a yellowish down. From the axils of the upper leaves the whorls ofyellow flowers are freely produced during the summer months. It isvalued for its neat growth, and as growing on dry soils where few otherplants could eke out an existence. 

PHOTINIA. 

PHOTINIA JAPONICA (_syn Eriobotrya japonica_). --Loquat, Japan Medlar, orJapan Quince. Japan, 1787. This is chiefly remarkable for its handsomefoliage, the leaves being oblong of shape and downy on the under sides. The white flowers are of no great beauty, but being produced at thebeginning of winter, and when flowers are scarce, are all the morewelcome. It requires protection in all but the warmer parts of theseislands. 

P. ARBUTIFOLIA (_syns Crataegus arbutifolia_ and _Mespilusarbutifolia_). --Arbutus-leaved Photinia, or Californian May-bush. California, 1796. This is a very distinct shrub, with leaves resemblingthose of the Strawberry Tree (Arbutus), the flowers in an elongatedpanicle, and bright red bark on the young wood. 

P. BENTHAMIANA is only worthy of culture for its neat habit and freedomof growth when suitably placed. 

P. SERRULATA (_syn Crataegus glabra_). --Chinese Hawthorn. Japan andChina, 1804. This has Laurel-like leaves, 4 inches or 5 inches long, and, especially when young, of a beautiful rosy-chocolate colour, andclustered at the branch-tips. Flowers small, white, and produced in flatcorymbs. An invaluable seaside shrub. 

They all grow well either in light, rich loam, or in sandy, peaty earth, and are usually propagated by grafting. 

PHYLODOCE. 

PHYLODOCE TAXIFOLIA (_syns P. Caerulea_ and _Menziesia caerulea_). --Analmost extinct native species, having crowded linear leaves, andlilac-blue flowers. It is only of value for rock gardening. 

PIERIS. 

PIERIS FLORIBUNDA (_syns Andromeda floribunda_ and _Leucothoefloribunda_). --United States, 1812. Few perfectly hardy shrubs are morebeautiful than this, with its pure white Lily-of-the-Valley likeflowers, borne in dense racemes and small, neat, dark green leaves. Tocultivate this handsome shrub in a satisfactory way, fairly rich loamor peat, and a situation sheltered from cold and cutting winds, arenecessities. 

P. JAPONICA (_syn Andromeda japonica_). --Japan, 1882. A hardy, well-known shrub, that was first brought specially under notice in "TheGarden, " and of which a coloured plate and description were given. It isthickly furnished with neat and small deep-green, leathery leaves, andpretty, waxy white flowers, pendulous at the branch tips. Planted infree, sandy peat, it thrives vigorously, and soon forms a neat specimenof nearly a yard in height. It is a very desirable hardy species, andone that can be confidently recommended for ornamental planting. Thereis a variegated variety, P. Japonica elegantissima, with leaves clearlyedged with creamy-white, and flushed with pink. Amongst variegated, small-growing shrubs it is a gem. 

P. MARIANA (_syn Andromeda Mariana ovalis_). --North America, 1736. Aneat shrub of about 3 feet in height, with oval leaves, and pretty whiteflowers in pendent clusters. 

P. OVALIFOLIA (_syn Andromeda ovalifolia_). --Nepaul, 1825. A fine, tall-growing species, with oval-pointed, leathery leaves placed on longfootstalks. Flowers in lengthened, drooping, one-sided racemes, andwhite or pale flesh-coloured. Being perfectly hardy, and attaining to asmuch as 20 feet in height, it is a desirable species for the lawn orshrubbery. 

PIPTANTHUS. 

PIPTANTHUS NEPALENSIS (_syn Baptisia nepalensis_). --Evergreen Laburnum. Temperate Himalaya, 1821. A handsome, half-hardy shrub, of often fully10 feet high, with trifoliolate, evergreen leaves, and terminal racemesof large yellow flowers. In the south and west of England and Ireland itdoes well, and only receives injury during very severe winters. Plantedeither as a single specimen, or in clumps of three or five, theevergreen Laburnum has a pleasing effect, whether with its bright, glossy-green leaves, or abundance of showy flowers. It is of somewhaterect growth, with stout branches and plenty of shoots. Propagated fromseed, which it ripens abundantly in this country. 

PITTOSPORUM. 

PITTOSPORUM TOBIRA. --Japan, 1804. This forms a neat, evergreen shrub, with deep green, leathery leaves, and clusters of white, fragrantflowers, each about an inch in diameter. It is hardy in the morefavoured parts of the south and west of England, where it makes areliable seaside shrub. 

P. UNDULATUM, from Australia (1789), is also hardy against a wall, butcannot be depended upon generally. It is a neat shrub, with wavy leaves, that are rendered conspicuous by the dark midribs. They grow well in anygood garden soil. 

PLAGIANTHUS. 

PLAGIANTHUS LYALLI, a native of New Zealand (1871), and a member of theMallow family, is a free-flowering and beautiful shrub, but one thatcannot be recommended for general planting in this country. At Kew itdoes well and flowers freely on an east wall. The flowers aresnow-white, with golden-yellow anthers, and produced on the ends of thelast season's branchlets during June and July. The flower-stalks, beingfully 2 inches long, give to the flowers a very graceful appearance. Inthis country the leaves are frequently retained till spring. 

P. LAMPENI. --Van Dieman's Land, 1833. This is about equally hardy withthe former, and produces a great abundance of sweetly-scented flowers. 

P. PULCHELLUS (_syn Sida pulchella_). --Australia and Tasmania. Anotherhalf-hardy species, which bears, even in a young state, an abundance ofrather small, whitish flowers. 

POLYGALA. 

POLYGALA CHAMAEBUXUS. --Bastard Box. A neat little shrubby plant, withsmall ovate, coriaceous leaves, and fragrant yellow and cream flowers. P. Chamaebuxus purpureus differs in bearing rich reddish-purple flowers, and is one of the most showy and beautiful of rock plants. They arenatives of Europe (1658), and grow best in vegetable mould. 

POTENTILLA. 

POTENTILLA FRUTICOSA. --Northern Hemisphere (Britain). An indigenousshrub that grows about a yard high, with pinnate leaves and goldenflowers. It is a most persistent blooming plant, as often for fourmonths, beginning in June, the flowers are produced freely insuccession. It delights to grow in a strong soil, and, being of low, sturdy growth, does well for the outer line of the shrubbery. 

PRUNUS. 

PRUNUS AMYGDALUS (_syn Amygdalus communis_). --Common Almond. Barbary, 1548. Whether by a suburban roadside, or even in the heart of thecrowded city, the Almond seems quite at home, and is at once one of theloveliest and most welcome of early spring-flowering trees. The flowersare rather small for the family, pale pink, and produced in greatquantity before the leaves. There are several distinct forms of theAlmond, differing mainly in the colour of the flowers, one being pink, another red, while a third has double flowers. P. Amygdalus macrocarpa(Large-fruited Almond) is by far the handsomest variety in cultivation, the flowers being large, often 3 inches in diameter, and white tingedwith pink, particularly at the base of the petals. The flowers, too, areproduced earlier than those of any other Almond, while the tree is ofstout growth and readily suited with both soil and site. 

P. AMYGDALUS DULCIS (_syn A. Dulcis_), Sweet Almond, of which there arethree distinct varieties, P. A. Dulcis purpurea, P. A. Dulcis macrocarpa, and P. A. Dulcis pendula, should be included in every collection of thesehandsome flowering plants. 

P. AVIUM JULIANA (_syn Cerasus Juliana_). --St. Julian's Cherry. SouthEurope. This bears large flowers of a most beautiful and delicate blushtint. P. Avium multiplex is a double form of the Wild Cherry, or Gean, with smaller leaves than the type. 

P. BOISSIERII (_syn Amygdalus Boissierii_). --Asia Minor, 1879. This is abushy shrub, with almost erect, long, and slender branches, andfurnished with leaves an inch long, elliptic, and thick of texture. Flowers pale flesh-coloured, and produced abundantly. It is a veryornamental and distinct plant, and is sure, when better known, toattract a considerable amount of attention. 

P. CERASIFERA (_syn P. Myrobalana_). --Cherry, or Myrobalan Plum. NativeCountry unknown. A medium-sized tree, with an abundance of small whiteflowers, which are particularly attractive if they escape the earlyspring frosts. It is of stout, branching habit, with a well-roundedhead, and has of late years attracted a good deal of notice as a hedgeplant. P. Cerasifera Pissardii, the purple-leaved Cherry plum, is aremarkable and handsome variety, in which the leaves are deep purple, thus rendering the plant one of the most distinct and ornamental-foliagedof the family. It produces its white, blush-tinted flowers in May. Itwas received by M. A. Chatenay, of Sceau, from M. Pissard, director ofthe garden of His Majesty the Shah of Persia. When it flowered it wasfigured in the _Revue Horticole_, 1881, p. 190. 

P. CERASUS (_syn Cerasus vulgaris_). --Common Cherry. A favouritemedium-sized tree, and one that lends itself readily to cultivation. Asan ornamental park tree this Cherry, though common, must not bedespised, for during summer, when laden with its pure white flowers, oragain in autumn when myriads of the black, shining fruits hang inclusters from its branches, it will be readily admitted that few treeshave a more beautiful or conspicuous appearance, P. Cerasus flore-pleno(double-flowered Cherry) is a distinct and desirable variety. P. Cerasusmultiplex is a very showy double form, more ornamental than P. Aviummuliplex, and also known under the names of _Cerasus ranunculiflora_ and_C. Caproniana multiplex_. P. Cerasus semperflorens (_syn Cerasussemperflorens_), the All Saints, Ever Flowering, or Weeping, Cherry, isanother valuable variety, of low growth, and with gracefully droopingbranches, particularly when the tree is old. It is a very desirable lawntree, and flowers at intervals during the summer. 

P. CHAMAECERASUS (_syn Cerasus Chamaecerasus_). --Ground Cherry. Europe, 1597. This is a dwarf, slender-branched, and gracefully pendent shrub, of free growth, undoubted hardihood, and well worthy of extendedcultivation. The variety C. Chamaecerasus variegata has the leavessuffused with greenish lemon. There is also a creeping form named P. Chamaecerasus pendula. 

P. DAVIDIANA. --Abbé David's Almond. China. This is the tree to which, under the name of Amygdalus Davidiana alba, a First-class Certificatewas awarded in 1892 by the Royal Horticultural Society. The typicalspecies is a native of China, from whence it was introduced severalyears ago, but it is still far from common. It is the earliest of theAlmonds to unfold its white flowers, for in mild winters some of themexpand before the end of January; but March, about the first week, it isat its best. It is of more slender growth than the common Almond, andthe flowers, which are individually smaller, are borne in greatprofusion along the shoots of the preceding year, so that a specimen, when in full flower, is quite one mass of bloom. There is a rosy-tintedform known as Amygdalus Davidiana rubra. 

P. DIVARICATA, from the Caucasus (1822), is useful on account of thepure white flowers being produced early in the year, and before theleaves. It has a graceful, easy habit of growth, and inclined to spread, and makes a neat lawn or park specimen. 

P. DOMESTICA, Common Garden Plum, and P. Domestica insititia, BullacePlum, are both very ornamental-flowering species, and some of thevarieties are even more desirable than the parent plants. 

P. ILLICIFOLIA (_syn Cerasus ilicifolius_). --Holly-leaved Cherry. California. A distinct evergreen species, with thick leathery leaves, and erect racemes of small white flowers. A native of dry hilly groundalong the coast from San Francisco to San Diego. Hardy in mostsituations, but requiring light warm soil and a dry situation. 

P. LAUNESIANA (_syn Cerasus Launesiana_). --Japan, 1870. This is avaluable addition to the already long list of ornamental-floweringCherries. It flowers in the early spring, when the tree is literallyenshrouded in rose-coloured flowers, and which produce a very strikingeffect. The tree is quite hardy, flowers well even in a young state, andwill grow in any soil that suits our common wild species. 

P. LAUROCERASUS (_syn Cerasus Laurocerasus_). --Common, or Cherry Laurel. Levant, 1629. Although a well-known garden and park shrub, of which adescription is unnecessary, the common or Cherry Laurel, when in fullflower, must be ranked amongst our more ornamental shrubs. There areseveral varieties all worthy of culture for the sake of their evergreenleaves and showy flower spikes. P. Laurocerasus rotundifolia has leavesthat are broader in proportion to their length than those of the commonspecies; P. Laurocerasus caucasica is of sturdy growth, with deep greenleaves, and a compact habit of growth; P. Laurocerasus colchica is thefreest-flowering Laurel in cultivation, with horizontally arrangedbranches and pale green leaves; P. Laurocerasus latifolia, a rathertender shrub, with bold handsome foliage; and P. Laurocerasusparvifolia, of low growth, but never very satisfactory in appearance. Three other less common forms might also be mentioned. P. Laurocerasusangustifolia, with narrow leaves; P. Laurocerasus camelliaefolia, withthick leathery foliage; and P. Laurocerasus intermedia, halfway betweenP. Laurocerasus angustifolia and the common Laurel. 

P. LUSITANICA (_syn Cerasus lusitanica_). --Portugal Laurel. Portugal, 1648. A well-known shrub or small growing tree, and one of the mostvaluable of all our hardy evergreens. It is of neat and compact growth, with a good supply of bright green shining foliage, and bears longspikes of pleasing creamy white perfumed flowers. P. Lusitanicamyrtifolia (Myrtle-leaved Portugal Laurel) differs from the species inthe smaller, longer, and narrower leaves, which are more thicklyarranged, and in its more decided upright habit. P. Lusitanica variegatais hardly sufficiently constant or distinct to warrant recommendation. P. Lusitanica azorica, from the Azores, is of more robust growth thanthe common plant, with larger and richer green leaves, and the bark ofthe younger branches is of a very decided reddish tinge. 

P. MAHALEB (_syn Cerasus Mahaleb_). --The Mahaleb, or Perfumed Cherry. South Europe, 1714. This and its variegated variety P. Mahaleb variegataare very free-flowering shrubs, and of neat growth. The variegatedvariety is well worthy of attention, having a clear silvery variegation, chiefly confined to the leaf margin, but in a less degree to the wholeof the foliage, and imparting to it a bright, glaucous tint that ishighly ornamental. There is a partially weeping form named P. Mahalebpendula. 

P. MARITIMA. --Beach or Sand Plum. North America, 1800. A prostrate, spreading shrub, that is of value for planting in poor sandy soil, andalong the sea coast. The flowers are small, but plentifully produced. 

P. NANA (_syns Amygdalus nana_ and _A. Besseriana_). --Dwarf Almond. FromTartary, 1683. This is of dwarf, twiggy growth, rarely more than 3 feethigh, and bearing an abundance of rose-coloured flowers in earlyFebruary. From its neat, small growth, and rich profusion of flowers, this dwarf Almond may be reckoned as a most useful and desirable shrub. Suckers are freely produced in any light free soil. 

P. PADUS (_syn Cerasus Padus_). --Bird Cherry or Hagberry. An indigenousspecies, with oblong, doubly-serrated leaves, and terminal or axillaryracemes of pure-white flowers. It is a handsome and distinctsmall-growing tree, and bears exposure at high altitudes in acommendable manner. 

P. PANICULATA FLORE-PLENO (_syns Cerasus serrulata flore-pleno_ and _C. Sieboldii_). --China, 1822. This is one of the most desirable of thesmall-growing and double-flowered Cherries. It is of neat growth, withshort, stout branches that are sparsely furnished with twigs, andsmooth, obovate, pointed leaves, bristly serrated on the margins. Flowers double and white at first, but afterwards tinged with pink, freely produced and of good, lasting substance. P. Paniculata Watereriis a handsome variety that most probably may be linked to the species. 

P. PENNSYLVANIA. --American Wild Red Cherry. North America, 1773. This isan old-fashioned garden tree, and one of the choicest, producing in Maya great abundance of its tiny white flowers. 

P. PERSICA FLORE-PLENO (_syns Amygdalus Persica flore-pleno_ and_Persica vulgaris_), double-flowering Peach, is likewise well worthy ofculture, there being white, rose, and crimson-flowering forms. 

P. PUDDUM (_syns P. Pseudo-cerasus_ and _CerasusPseudo-cerasus_). --Bastard Cherry. China, 1891. There are very few moreornamental trees in cultivation in this country than thedouble-flowering Cherry. It makes a charming small-growing tree, is offree growth and perfectly hardy, and one of, if not the most, floriferous of the tribe. The flowers are individually large, pinky orpurplish-white, and produced with the leaves in April. 

P. SINENSIS. --China, 1869. A Chinese Plum of somewhat slender growth, and with the branches wreathed in small, white flowers. It is often seenas a pot plant, but it is one of the hardiest of its family. P. Sinensisflore-pleno is a double white form, and the most ornamental for potwork. There is also a variety with rose-coloured flowers. 

P. SPINOSA. --Sloe, or Blackthorn. An indigenous, spiny shrub, with tinywhite flowers; and P. Spinosa flore-pleno has small, rosette-likeflowers that are both showy and effective. 

P. TOMENTOSA. --Japan, 1872. This is one of the most desirable of hardyshrubs, with large, white, flesh-tinted flowers produced in the firstweeks of March, and in such quantities as almost to hide the branchesfrom view. It forms a well-rounded, dense bush of 5 feet or 6 feet high. 

P. TRILOBA (_syns P. Virgata, Amygdalopsis Lindleyi_ and _PrunopsisLindleyi_). --China, 1857. This is a very handsome early-flowering shrub, that is at once recognised by the generally three-lobed leaves. It isone of the first to flower, the blossoms being produced in March andApril, and sometimes even earlier when the plant is grown against asunny, sheltered wall. The semi-double flowers are large and of goodsubstance, and of a rosy-white tint, but deep rose in the bud state. There is a nursery form of this plant with white flowers, named P. Triloba alba. It is quite hardy, bears pruning well, and grows quickly, soon covering a large space of a wall or warm, sunny bank. As anornamental flowering lawn shrub it has few equals, the blossomsremaining good for fully a fortnight. 

P. VIRGINIANA (_syn Cerasus virginiana_) and P. SEROTINA (North AmericanBird Cherries) are worthy species, with long clusters of flowersresembling those of our native Bird Cherry. They are large-growingspecies, and, particularly the latter, are finding favour withcultivators in this country on account of their bold and ornamentalappearance. 

PTELEA. 

PTELEA TRIFOLIATA. --Hop Tree, or Swamp Dogwood. North America, 1704. Asmall-growing tree, with trifoliolate, yellowish-green leaves placed onlong footstalks, and inconspicuous greenish flowers. The leaves, whenbruised, emit an odour resembling Hops. P. Trifoliata variegata is oneof the handsomest of golden-leaved trees, and is well worthy ofextensive planting. It is preferable in leaf colouring to the goldenElder. Perfectly hardy. 

PUNICA. 

PUNICA GRANATUM. --Pomegranate. For planting against a southern-facingwall this pretty shrub is well suited, but it is not sufficiently hardyfor the colder parts of the country. Frequently in the more favouredparts of the country it reaches a height of 14 feet, with abranch-spread of nearly as much, and is then, when in full flower, anobject of general admiration and of the greatest beauty. The flowers areof a rich, bright scarlet colour, and well set off by the glossy, darkgreen leaves. P. Granatum rubra flore-pleno is a decidedly ornamentalshrub, in which the flowers are of a bright scarlet, and perfectlydouble. They grow satisfactorily in light, but rich soil. 

PYRUS. 

PYRUS ARIA. --White Beam Tree. Europe (Britain). A shrub or small-growingtree, with lobed leaves, covered thickly on the under sides with aclose, flocculent down. The flowers are small and white, and produced inloose corymbs. It is a handsome small tree, especially when the leavesare ruffled by the wind and the under sides revealed to view. The red orscarlet fruit is showy and beautiful. 

P. AUCUPARIA. --Mountain Ash, or Rowan Tree. Too well-known to needdescription, but one of our handsomest small-growing trees, and whetherfor the sake of its dense corymbs of small white flowers or largebunches of scarlet fruit it is always welcomed and admired. P. Aucupariapendula has the branches inclined to be pendulous; and P. Aucupariafructo-luteo differs from the normal plant in having yellowish insteadof scarlet fruit. 

P. AMERICANA (_syn Sorbus americana_). --American Mountain Ash. Thisspecies, a native of the mountains of Pennsylvania and Virginia (1782), is much like our Rowan Tree in general appearance, but the bunches ofberries are larger, and of a brighter red colour. 

P. ANGUSTIFOLIA. --North America, 1750. A double-flowered crab is offeredunder this name, of vigorous growth, bearing delicate pink, rose-likeflowers that are deliciously fragrant, and borne contemporaneously withthe leaves. The merits claimed for the shrub are perfect hardihood, great beauty of blossom and leaf, delicious fragrance, and adaptabilityto various soils. The single-flowered form extends over large areas inthe Atlantic States of North America. They are very desirable, small-growing trees, and are described by Professor Sargent as being notsurpassed in beauty by any of the small trees of North America. 

P. BACCATA. --Siberian Crab. Siberia and Dahuria, 1784. This is one ofthe most variable species in cultivation, and from which innumerableforms have been developed, that differ either in habit, foliage, flowers, or fruit. The deciduous calyx would seem to be the onlyreliable distinguishing character. It is a widely-distributed species, being found in North China and Japan, Siberia and the Himalayas, and hasfrom time immemorial been cultivated by the Chinese and Japanese, sothat it is not at all surprising that numbers of forms have beendeveloped. 

P. CORONARIA. --Sweet Scented Crab. North America, 1724. This is ahandsome species, with ovate, irregularly-toothed leaves, and pink andwhite fragrant flowers. The flowers are individually large andcorymbose, and are succeeded by small green fruit. 

P. DOMESTICA (_syn Sorbus domestica_). --True Service. Britain. Thisresembles the Mountain Ash somewhat, but the flowers are panicled, andthe berries fewer, larger, and pear-shaped. The flowers are conspicuousenough to render the tree of value in ornamental planting. 

P. FLORIBUNDA (_syns P. Malus floribunda_ and _Malus microcarpafloribunda_). --China and Japan, 1818. The Japanese Crabs are wonderfullyfloriferous, the branches being in most instances wreathed with flowersthat are individually not very large, and rarely exceeding an inch indiameter when fully expanded. Generally in the bud state the flowers areof a deep crimson, but this disappears as they become perfectlydeveloped, and when a less striking tint of pinky-white is assumed. Fromthe St. Petersburgh gardens many very ornamental Crabs have been sentout, these differing considerably in colour of bark, habit, and tint offlowers. They have all been referred to the above species. P. Floribundais a worthy form, and one of the most brilliant of spring-floweringtrees. The long, slender shoots are thickly covered for almost theirentire length with flowers that are rich crimson in the bud state, butpaler when fully opened. There are numerous, very distinct varieties, such as P. Floribunda atrosanguinea, with deep red flowers; P. Floribunda Elise Rathe, of pendulous habit; P. Floribunda John Downie, very beautiful in fruit; P. Floribunda pendula, a semi-weeping variety;P. Floribunda praecox, early-flowering; P. Floribunda mitis, of smallsize; P. Floribunda Halleana or Parkmanii, probably the most beautifulof all the forms; and P. Floribunda Fairy Apple and P. FloribundaTranscendant Crab, of interest on account of their showy fruit. P. Floribunda Toringo (Toringo Crab) is a Japanese tree of small growth, with sharply cut, usually three-lobed, pubescent leaves, and smallflowers. Fruit small, with deciduous calyx lobes. 

P. GERMANICA (_syn Mespilus germanica_). --Common Medlar. Europe(Britain), Asia Minor, Persia. Early records show that the Medlar wascultivated for its fruit as early as 1596. Some varieties are stillgrown for that purpose, and in that state the tree is not devoid ofornament. The large, white flowers are produced singly, but have a fineeffect in their setting of long, lanceolate, finely-serrate leavesduring May. 

P. JAPONICA (_syn Cydonia japonica_). --Japanese Quince. Japan, 1815. This is one of the commonest of our garden shrubs, and one that ispeculiarly well suited for our climate, whether planted as a standard oras a wall plant. The flowers are brilliant crimson, and plentifullyproduced towards the end of winter and before the leaves. Besides thespecies there are several very fine varieties, including P. Japonicaalbo cincta, P. Japonica atropurpurea, P. Japonica coccinea, P. Japonicaflore-pleno, P. Japonica nivalis, a charming species, with snowy-whiteflowers; P. Japonica rosea, of a delicate rose-pink; and P. Japonicaprinceps. P. Japonica cardinalis is one of the best of the numerousforms of this beautiful shrub. The flowers are of large size, of fullrounded form, and of a deep cardinal-rose colour. They are produced ingreat quantity along the branches. A well-grown specimen is in April abrilliant picture of vivid colour, and the shrub is sooner or laterdestined to a chief place amongst our ornamental flowering shrubs. P. Japonica Maulei (_syn Cydonia Maulei_), from Japan (1874), is a rareshrub as yet, small of growth, and with every twig festooned with thebrightest of orange-scarlet flowers. It is quite hardy, and succeedswell under treatment that will suit the common species. 

P. PRUNIFOLIA. --Siberia, 1758. Whether in flower or fruit this beautifulspecies is sure to attract attention. It is a tree of 25 feet in height, with nearly rotundate, glabrous leaves on long footstalks, and prettypinky-white flowers. The fruit is very ornamental, being, when fullyripe, of a deep and glowing scarlet, but there are forms with yellow, and green, as also striped fruit. 

P. RIVULARIS. --River-side Wild Service Tree. North-west America, 1836. Anative of North America, with terminal clusters of white flowers, succeeded by sub-globose red or yellow fruit, is an attractive andhandsome species. The fruit is eaten by the Indians of the North-west, and the wood, which is very hard and susceptible of a fine polish, islargely used in the making of wedges. It is a rare species in thiscountry. 

P. SINICA (_syn P. Sinensis of Lindley_). --Chinese Pear Tree. China andCochin China, 1820. Another very ornamental Crab, bearing a greatabundance of rosy-pink or nearly white flowers. It is a shrub-like tree, reaching a height of 20 feet, and with an upright habit of growth. Barkof a rich, reddish-brown colour. It is one of the most profuse andpersistent bloomers of the whole family. 

P. SINENSIS (_syn Cydonia chinensis_). --Chinese Quince. China, 1818. This is rarely seen in cultivation, it having, comparatively speaking, few special merits of recommendation. 

P. SMITHII (_syns Mespilis Smithii_ and _M. Grandiflora_). --Smith'sMedlar. Caucasus, 1800. The habit of this tree closely resembles that ofa Hawthorn, and although the flowers are only half the size of those ofthe Common Medlar, they are produced in greater profusion, so that theround-headed tree becomes a sheet of white blossom during May and June. The reddish-brown fruits are small for a Medlar, and ripen in October. 

P. TORMINALIS. --Wild Service Tree. A native species of small growth, with ovate-cordate leaves, and small white flowers. P. Torminalispinnatifida, with acutely-lobed leaves, and oval-oblong fruit may justbe mentioned. 

P. VESTITA. --Nepaul White Beam. Nepaul, 1820. In this species the leavesare very large, ovate-acute or elliptic, and when young thickly coatedwith a white woolly-like substance, but which with warm weathergradually gives way until they are of a smooth and shining green. Theflowers are borne in woolly racemose corymbs, and are white succeeded bygreenish-brown berries as large as marbles. 

Other species of less interest are P. Varidosa, P. Salicifolia, P. Salvaefolia, P. Bollwylleriana, and P. Amygdaliformis. They are all offree growth, and the readiest culture, and being perfectly hardy arewell worthy of a much larger share of attention than they haveheretofore received. 

RHAMNUS. 

RHAMNUS ALATERNUS. --Mediterranean region, 1629. This is an evergreenshrub, with lanceolate shining leaves of a dark glossy-green colour, andpretty flowers produced from March till June. There are severalwell-marked varieties, one with golden and another with silvery leaves, and named respectively, R. Alaternus foliis aureis, and R. Alaternusfoliis argenteus. 

R. ALPINUS. --Europe, 1752. This is a neat-growing species, with greenishflowers and black fruit. 

R. CATHARTICUS, Common Buckthorn, is a native, thorny species, withovate and stalked leaves, and small, thickly clustered greenish flowers, succeeded by black berries about the size of peas. 

R. FRANGULA. --The Berry-bearing Alder. Europe and Britain. A more erectshrub than the former, and destitute of spines. The leaves too arelarger, and the fruit of a dark purple colour when ripe. More common inBritain than the former. 

RHAPHIOLEPIS. 

RHAPHIOLEPIS JAPONICA INTEGERRIMA (_syn R. Ovata_). --A Japanese shrub(1865), with deep green, ovate, leathery leaves that are not overabundant, and produced generally at the branch-tips. The pure white, fragrant flowers are plentifully produced when the plant is grown in acosy corner, or on a sunny wall. Though seldom killed outright, theRaphiolepis becomes badly crippled in severe winters. It is, however, abold and handsome shrub, and one that may be seen doing well in manygardens around London. 

RHAPHITHAMNUS. 

RHAPHITHAMNUS CYANOCARPUS (_syn Citharexylum cyanocarpum_). Chili. Thisbears a great resemblance to some of the thorny Berberis, and is at oncea distinct and beautiful shrub. The flowers are large and conspicuous, and of a taking bluish-lilac colour. Having stood unharmed in Irelandthrough the unusually severe winters of 1879-80, when many more commonshrubs were killed outright, it may be relied upon as at least fairlyhardy. The soil in which this rare and pretty shrub does best is abrown, fibrous peat, intermingled with sharp sand. 

RHODODENDRON. 

RHODODENDRON ARBORESCENS (_syn Azalea arborescens_), from the CarolinaMountains (1818), is a very showy, late-blooming species. The white, fragrant flowers, and noble port, together with its undoubted hardihood, should make this shrub a general favourite with cultivators. 

R. CALENDULACEUM (_syn Azalea calendulacea_), from North America (1806), is another of the deciduous species, having oblong, hairy leaves, andlarge orange-coloured flowers. It is of robust growth, and in favouredsituations reaches a height of 6 feet. When in full flower the slopes ofthe Southern Alleghany Mountains are rendered highly attractive byreason of the great flame-coloured masses of this splendid plant, andare one of the great sights of the American Continent during the monthof June. 

R. CALIFORNICUM. --California. A good hardy species with broadlycampanulate rosy-purple flowers, spotted with yellow. 

R. CAMPANULATUM (_syn R. Aeruginosum_). --Sikkim, 1825. A small-growingspecies, rarely over 6 feet high, with elliptic leaves that arefawn-coloured on the under sides. The campanulate flowers are large andshowy, rose or white and purple spotted, at the base of the three upperlobes. In this country it is fairly hardy, but suffers in very severeweather, unless planted in a sheltered site. 

R. CAMPYLOCARPUM. --Sikkim, 1851. This has stood the winter uninjured inso many districts that it may at least be recommended for planting infavoured situations and by the seaside. It is a Sikkim species that wasintroduced about forty years ago, and is still rather rare. The leavesare about 4 inches long, 2 inches wide, and distinctly undulated on themargins. Flowers bell-shaped, about 2 inches in diameter, and arrangedin rather straggling terminal heads. They are sulphur-yellow, withoutmarkings, a tint distinct from any other known Indian species. 

R. CATAWBIENSE. --Mountains from Virginia to Georgia, 1809. A bushy, freegrowing species, with broadly oval leaves, and large campanulateflowers, produced in compact, rounded clusters. They vary a good deal incolour, but lilac-purple is the typical shade. This is a very valuablespecies, and one that has given rise to a large number of beautifulvarieties. 

R. CHRYSANTHUM is a Siberian species (1796) of very dwarf, compactgrowth, with linear-lanceolate leaves that are ferruginous on the underside, and beautiful golden-yellow flowers an inch in diameter. It is adesirable but scarce species. 

R. COLLETTIANUM is an Afghanistan species, and one that may be reckonedupon as being perfectly hardy. It is of very dwarf habit, and bears anabundance of small white and faintly fragrant flowers. For planting onrockwork it is a valuable species. 

R. DAHURICUM. --Dahuria, 1780. A small-growing, scraggy-looking speciesof about a yard high, with oval-oblong leaves that are rusty-tomentoseon the under sides. The flowers, which are produced in February, arepurple or violet, in twos or threes, and usually appear before theleaves. It is a sparsely-leaved species, and of greatest value onaccount of the flowers being produced so early in the season. One of thehardiest species in cultivation. R. Dahuricum atro-virens is a beautifuland worthy variety because nearly evergreen. 

R. FERRUGINEUM. --Alpine Rose. Europe, 1752. This dwarf species, rarelyexceeding a yard in height, occurs in abundance on the Swiss Alps, andgenerally where few other plants are to be found. It is a neat littlecompact shrub, with oblong-lanceolate leaves that are rusty-scaly on theunder sides, and has terminal clusters of rosy-red flowers. 

R. FLAVUM (_syn Azalea pontica_). --Pontic Azalea. A native of Asia Minor(1793), is probably the commonest of the recognised species, and mayfrequently, in this country, be seen forming good round bushes of 6 feetin height, with hairy lanceolate leaves, and large yellow flowers, though in this latter it varies considerably, orange, and orange tingedwith red, being colours often present. It is of free growth in any goodlight peaty or sandy soil. 

R. HIRSUTUM. --Alpine Rose. South Europe, 1656. Very near R. Ferrugincum, but having ciliated leaves, with glands on both sides. R. Hallense andR. Hirsutiforme are intermediate forms of a natural cross between R. Hirsutum and R. Ferrugincum. They are handsome, small-growing, brightlyflowered plants, and worthy of culture. 

R. INDICUM. --Indian Azalea. A native of China (1808), and perfectlyhardy in the more favoured portions of southern England, where it lookshealthy and happy out of doors, and blooms freely from year to year. This is the evergreen so-called Azalea that is so commonly cultivated ingreenhouses, with long hirsute leaves, and large showy flowers. R. Indicum amoenum (_syn Azalea amoena_), as a greenhouse plant is commonenough, but except in the South of England and Ireland it is notsufficiently hardy to withstand severe frost. The flowers are, moreover, not very showy, at least when compared with some of the newer forms, being dull magenta, and rather lax of habit. 

R. LEDIFOLIUM (_syns Azalea ledifolia_ and _A. Liliiflora_). --Ledum-leavedAzalea. China, 1819. A perfectly hardy species. The flowers are largeand white, but somewhat flaunting. It is, however, a desirable speciesfor massing in quantity, beside clumps of the pink and yellow floweredkinds. Though introduced nearly three-quarters of a century ago, thisis by no means a common plant in our gardens. 

R. MAXIMUM. --American Great Laurel. North America, 1756. This is a veryhardy American species, growing in favoured localities from 10 feet to15 feet high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, slightly ferruginous beneath. Flowers rose and white, in dense clusters. There are several handsomevarieties that vary to a wide extent in the size and colour of flowers. R. Maximum album bears white flowers. 

R. MOLLE (_syn Azalea mollis_), from Japan (1867), is a dwarf, deciduousspecies of neat growth, with flame-coloured flowers. It is very hardy, and a desirable acquisition to any collection of small-growing shrubs. 

R. OCCIDENTALE (_syn Azalea occidentalis_), Western Azalea, is valuablein that the flowers are produced later than those of almost any otherspecies. These are white, blotched with yellow at the base of the upperpetals; and being produced when the leaves are almost fully developed, have a very pleasing effect, particularly as they are borne in greatquantity, and show well above the foliage. This is a Californian speciesthat has been found further west of the Rocky Mountains than any othermember of Ihe family. 

R. PARVIFOLIUM. --Baiacul, 1877. This is a pleasing and interestingspecies, with small deep-green ovate leaves, and clusters of whiteflowers, margined with rose. It is of dwarf and neat growth, and wellsuited for planting on the rock garden. 

R. PONTICUM. --Pontic Rhododendron, or Rose Bay. Asia Minor, 1763. Thisis the commonest species in cultivation, and although originally anative of the district by the Black or Pontic Sea, is now naturalisedin many parts of Europe. It is the hardiest and least exacting of thelarge flowered species, and is generally employed as a stock on whichto graft the less hardy kinds. Flowers, in the typical species, palepurplish-violet and spotted. There is a great number of varieties, including white, pink, scarlet, and double-flowering. 

R. PONTICUM AZALEOIDES (_syn R. Ponticum deciduum_), a hybrid between R. Ponticum and a hardy Azalea, is a sub-evergreen form, with a compacthabit of growth, and bearing loose heads of fragrant lavender-and-whiteflowers. It is quite hardy at Kew. 

R. RACEMOSUM. --Central China, 1880. A neat little species, of dwarf, compact growth, from the Yunnan district of China. The flowers are palepink edged with a deeper tint, about an inch across, and borne interminal and axillary clusters. It has stood unharmed for several yearsin southern England, so may be regarded as at least fairly hardy. Itsneat dwarf growth, and flowering as it does when hardly a foot high, renders it a choice subject for the Alpine garden. 

R. RHODORA (_syn Rhodora canadensis_). --North America, 1767. In generalaspect this shrub resembles an Azalea, but it comes into flower longeven before R. Molle. Being deciduous, and producing its pretty purplishsweet-scented flowers in early spring, gives to the plant a particularvalue for gardening purposes, clumps of the shrub being most effectiveat the very time when flowers are at their scarcest. It thrives well inany peaty soil, and is quite hardy. 

R. VISCOSUM (_syn Azalea viscosa_). --Clammy Azalea, or SwampHoneysuckle. North America, 1734. This is one of the hardiest, mostfloriferous, and easily managed of the family. The white or rose anddeliciously fragrant flowers are produced in great abundance, and impartwhen at their best quite a charm to the shrub. It delights in rathermoist, peaty soil, and grows all the stronger and flowers all the morefreely when surrounded by rising ground or tall trees at considerabledistance away. The variety R. Viscosum glaucum has leaves paler thanthose of the species; and R. Viscosum nitidum, of dwarf, compact growth, has leaves deep green on both sides. 

R. WILSONI, a cross between R. Ciliatum and R. Glaucum, is of remarkablyneat growth, and worthy of cultivation where small-sized kinds are adesideratum. 

The following Himalayan species have been found to thrive well in thewarmer parts of England, and in close proximity to the sea;--R. Argenteum, R. Arboreum, R. Aucklandii, R. Barbatum, R. Ciliatum, R. Campanulatum, R. Cinnabarinum, R. Campbelli, R. Compylocarpum, R. Eximium, R. Fortunei, R. Falconeri, R. Glaucum, R. Hodgsoni, R. Lanatum, R. Niveum, R. Roylei, R. Thompsoni, and R. Wallichii. 

R. Ungernii and R. Smirnowii, from the Armenian frontier, are alsoworthy of culture, but they are at present rare in cultivation in thiscountry. 

Few hardy shrubs, it must be admitted, are more beautiful than theseRhododendrons, none flowering more freely or lasting longer in bloom. Their requirements are by no means hard to meet, light, peaty soil, oreven good sandy loam, with a small admixture of decayed vegetablematter, suiting them well. Lime in any form must, however, be kept awayboth from Azaleas and Rhododendrons. They like a quiet, still place, where a fair amount of moisture is present in the air and soil. 

HARDY HYBRID RHODODENDRONS. 

GHENT AZALEAS, as generally known, from having been raised in Belgium, are a race of hybrids that have been produced by crossing the Asiatic R. Pontica with the various American species noted above, but particularlyR. Calendulaceum, R. Nudiflorum, and R. Viscosum, and these latter withone another. These have produced hybrids of almost indescribable beauty, the flowers of which range in colour from crimson and pink, throughorange and yellow, to almost white. 

Within the last few years quite an interesting race of Rhododendrons hasbeen brought out, with double or hose-in-hose flowers, and veryappropriately termed the Narcissiflora group. They include fully a dozenhighly ornamental kinds, with flowers of varying shades of colour. 

The following list includes some of the best and most beautiful of thesevarieties:--

Alba marginata. Ardens. Astreans. Aurore-de-Royghen. Baron G. Pyke. Beauté Celeste. Bessie Holdaway. Belle Merveille. Bijou des Amateurs. Cardinal. Charles Bowman. Comte de Flanders. Decus hortorum. Due de Provence. Emperor Napoleon III. Eugenie. Fitz Quihou. Glorie de Belgique. Gloria Mundi. Gueldres Rose. Honneur de Flandre. Imperator. Jules Caesar. La Superbe. Louis Hellebuyck. Madame Baumann. Marie Verschaffelt. Mathilde. Meteor. Nancy Waterer. Ne Plus Ultra. Optima. Pallas. Queen Victoria. Reine des Belges. Remarquable. Roi des Belges. Roi des Feux. Sinensis rosea. Sulphurea. Triumphans. Unique. Viscocephala. 

Double-flowered Rhododendrons:--

Bijou de Gendbrugge. Graf Von Meran. Heroine. Narcissiflora. Louis Aimée Van Houtte. Mina Van Houtte. Ophirié. Van Houttei. 

RHODOTHAMNUS. 

RHODOTHAMNUS CHAMAECISTUS (_syn Rhododendron Chamaecistus_). --GroundCistus. Alps of Austria and Bavaria, 1786. A very handsome shrub, ofsmall growth, and widely distributed in Bavaria, Switzerland, andelsewhere. Planted in peaty soil and in a rather damp, shady situationit thrives best, the oval-serrate leaves, covered with white, villoushairs, and pretty rosy flowers, giving it an almost unique appearance. It is a charming rock shrub and perfectly hardy. 

RHODOTYPOS. 

RHODOTYPOS KERRIOIDES. --White Kerria. Japan, 1866. A handsome deciduousshrub, and one that is readily propagated, and comparatively cheap. Itis distinct and pretty when in flower, and one of the hardiest and mostaccommodating of shrubs. The leaves are handsome, being deeply serratedand silky on the under sides, while the pure white flowers are oftenabout 2 inches across. It grows about 4 feet in height, and is a verydistinct and desirable shrub. 

RHUS. 

RHUS COTINUS. --Smoke Plant, Wig Tree, or Venetian Sumach. Spain toCaucasus, 1656. On account of its singular appearance this shrub alwaysattracts the attention of even the most unobservant in such matters. Itis a spreading shrub, about 6 feet high, with rotundate, glaucousleaves, on long petioles. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, butthe feathery nature of the flower clusters, occasioned by thetransformation of the pedicels and hairs into fluffy awns, renders thisSumach one of the most curious and attractive of hardy shrubs. Spreadingabout freely, this south European shrub should be allowed plenty of roomso that it may become perfectly developed. 

R. GLABRA (_syns R. Caroliniana, R. Coccinea, R. Elegans_, and _R. Sanguinea_). --Smooth or Scarlet Sumach. North America, 1726. A smallertree than the last, with leaves that are deep glossy-green above andwhitish beneath. The male tree bears greenish-yellow flowers, and thefemale those of a reddish-scarlet, but otherwise no difference betweenthe trees can be detected. R. Glabra laciniata (Fern Sumach) is adistinct and handsome variety, with finely cut elegant leaves, and adwarf and compact habit of growth. The leaves are very beautiful, andresemble those of the Grevillea robusta. It is a worthy variety. 

R. SUCCEDANEA. --Red Lac Sumach. Japan, 1768. This is not often seenplanted out, though in not a few places it succeeds perfectly well. Ithas elegant foliage, each leaf being 15 inches long, and divided intoseveral pairs of leaflets. 

R. TOXICODENDRON. --Poison Oak or Poison Ivy. North America, 1640. Thisspecies is of half-scandent habit, with large, trifoliolate leaves, which turn of various tints of red and crimson in the autumn. It isquite hardy, and seen to best advantage when allowed to run over largerockwork and tree stumps in partial shade. The variety R. Toxicodendronradicans has ample foliage, and is suited for similar places to thelast. The leaves turn bright yellow in the autumn. 

R. TYPHINA. --Stag's Horn Sumach, or Vinegar Tree. A native of NorthAmerica (1629), and a very common shrub in our gardens, probably onaccount of its spreading rapidly by suckers. It is, when well grown, ahandsome and distinct shrub or small tree, with large, pinnate, hairyleaves, and shoots that are rendered very peculiar by reason of thedense hairs with which they are covered for some distance back. Thedense clusters of greenish-yellow flowers are sure to attract attention, although they are by no means pretty. R. Typhina viridiflora is themale-flowered form of this species, with green flowers. 

R. VENENATA (_syn R. Vernix_). --Poison Elder, Sumach, or Dogwood. NorthAmerica, 1713. This is remarkable for its handsome foliage, and is themost poisonous species of the genus. 

All the Sumachs grow and flower freely in any good garden soil, indeed, in that respect they are not at all particular. They throw up shootsfreely, so that increasing the stock is by no means difficult. 

RIBES. 

RIBES ALPINUM PUMILUM AUREUM. --Golden Mountain Currant. The ordinarygreen form is a native of Britain, of which the plant named above is adwarf golden-leaved variety. 

R. AUREUM. --Buffalo Currant. North-west America, 1812. In this speciesthe leaves are lobed and irregularly toothed, while the flowers areyellow, or slightly reddish-tinted. It is of rather slender andstraggling growth. R. Aureum praecox is an early-flowering variety; andR. Aureum serotinum is valued on account of the flowers being producedmuch later than are those of the parent plant. 

R. CEREUM (_syn R. Inebrians_). --North America, 1827. One of thedwarfer-growing species of Flowering Currant, forming a low, dense bushof Gooseberry-like appearance, but destitute of spines. By May it is infull flower, and the blooms, borne in large clusters, have a prettypinkish tinge. The foliage is small, neat, and of a tender green thathelps to set off the pretty flowers to perfection. It is a native ofNorth-west America, and perfectly hardy in every part of the country. Though not equal in point of floral beauty with our common floweringCurrant, still the miniature habit, pretty and freely-producedpink-tinted flowers, and fresh green foliage will all help to make it anacquisition wherever planted. Like the other species of Ribes thepresent plant grows and flowers very freely in any soil, and almosthowever poor. 

R. FLORIDUM (_syns R. Missouriense_ and _R. Pennsylvanicum_). --AmericanWild Black Currant. North America, 1729. This should be included in allcollections for its pretty autumnal foliage, which is of a brightpurplish bronze. 

R. GORDONIANUM (_syns R. Beatonii_ and _R. Loudonii_) is a hybridbetween R. Aureum and R. Sanguineum, and has reddish, yellow tingedflowers, and partakes generally of the characters of both species. 

R. MULTIFLORUM, Eastern Europe (1822), is another desirable species, with long drooping racemes of greenish-yellow flowers, and small redberries. 

R. SANGUINEUM. --Flowering Currant. North-west America, 1826. An oldinhabitant of our gardens, and well deserving of all that can be said inits favour as a beautiful spring-flowering shrub. It is of NorthAmerican origin, with deep red and abundantly-produced flowers. Thereare several distinct varieties as follows:--R. Sanguineum flore-pleno(Burning Bush), with perfectly double flowers, which are produced laterand last longer than those of the species; R. Sanguineum album, withpale pink, or almost white flowers; R. Sanguineum atro-rubens, withdeeply-coloured flowers; R. Sanguineum glutinosum and R. Sanguineumgrandiflorum, bearing compact clusters of flowers that are rosy-fleshcoloured on the outside and white or pinky-white within. 

R. SPECIOSUM. --Fuchsia-flowered Gooseberry. California, 1829. ACalifornian species, remarkable for being more or less spiny, and withflowers resembling some of the Fuchsias. They are crimson, and withlong, protruding stamens. As a wall plant, where it often rises to 6feet in height, this pretty and taking species is most often seen. 

The flowering Currants are of unusually free growth, and are not at allparticular about soil, often thriving well in that of a very poordescription. They are increased readily from cuttings and by layers. 

ROBINIA. 

ROBINIA DUBIA (_syns R. Echiuata_ and _R. Ambigua_). --A very prettygarden hybrid form, said to have for its parentage R. Pseud-Acacia andR. Viscosa. It is of quite tree-like growth and habit, with unusuallyshort spines, and Pea-green foliage. The flowers are produced prettyfreely, and are of a pale rose colour, and well set off by thelight-green leaves, over which they hang in neat and compact spikes. 

R. HISPIDA. --Rose Acacia. North America, 1743. Amongst large-growingshrubs this is certainly one of the most distinct and handsome, and atthe same time one of the hardiest and readiest of culture. Underfavourable conditions it grows about 16 feet high, with large oval oroblong leaflets, and having the young branches densely clothed withbristles. The flowers, which are individually larger than those of theFalse Acacia, are of a beautiful rosy-pink, and produced in June andJuly. It is a very ornamental, small growing species, and one that ispeculiarly suitable for planting where space is limited. R. Hispidamacrophylla (Large-leaved Rose Acacia) is rendered distinct by itsgenerally more robust growth, and by its larger foliage and flowers. Thespecies, however, varies a good deal in respect of the size of leavesand flowers. 

R. PSEUD-ACACIA. --Common Locust, Bastard Acacia, or False Acacia. NorthAmerica, 1640. A noble-growing and handsome tree, with smooth shoots, and stipules that become transformed into sharp, stiff spines. Theflowers are in long racemes, pure-white or slightly tinged with pink, and with a faint pleasing odour. This species has been sub-divided intoa great number of varieties, some of which are very distinct, but themajority are not sufficiently so to warrant special attention. Thefollowing include the best and most popular kinds:--R. Pseud-AcaciaDecaisneana, a distinct form bearing light pinky flowers; R. Pseud-Acacia Bessoniana, with thornless branches and a dense head ofrefreshing Pea-green foliage; R. Pseud-Acacia angustifolia, with narrowleaves; R. Pseud-Acacia aurea, a conspicuous but not very constantgolden leaved form; R. Pseud-Acacia inermis, of which there are weeping, upright, and broad-leaved forms, has narrow leaves that are glaucousbeneath, and the characteristic spines of the species are wanting orrarely well developed. R. Pseud-Acacia monophylla is very distinct, theleaves being entire instead of pinnate; while R. Pseud-Acacia crispa hascuriously-curled foliage. Then there is the peculiar R. Pseud-Acaciatortuosa, of ungainly habit; R. Pseud-Acacia umbraculifera, with aspreading head; R. Pseud-Acacia sophoraefolia, the leaves of whichresemble those of Sophora japonica; and R. Pseud-Acacia amorphaefolia, with very large foliage when compared with the parent tree. The abovemay be taken as the most distinct and desirable forms of the FalseAcacia, but there are many others, such as R. Pseud-Acacia colutoides, R. Pseud-Acacia semperflorens, and R. Pseud-Acacia Rhederi, all more orless distinct from the typical tree. 

R. VISCOSA (_syn R. Glutinosa_). --Clammy Locust. North America, 1797. This is a small-growing tree, and readily distinguished by the clammybark of the younger shoots. Flowers in short racemes, and of a beautifulrose-pink, but varying a good deal in depth of tint. It is a valuablespecies for ornamental planting, and flowers well even in a young state. 

Few soils would seem to come amiss to the Acacias, but observationsmade in many parts of the country conclusively prove that the finestspecimens are growing on light, rich loam overlying a bed of gravel. They are propagated from seed, by layers, or by grafting. 

ROSA. 

ROSA ALBA. --This is a supposed garden hybrid between R. Canina and R. Gallica (1597). It has very glaucous foliage, and large flowers, whichvary according to the variety from pure white to rose. 

R. REPENS (_syn R. Arvensis_). --Field Rose. Europe (Britain). Thisspecies bears white flowers that are produced in threes or fours, rarelysolitary. The whole plant is usually of weak and straggling growth, withshining leaves. 

R. BRACTEATA (Macartney Rose), R. PALUSTRIS (Marsh Rose), and R. MICROPHYLLA (small-leaved Rose), belong to that section supplied withfloral leaves or bracts, and shaggy fruit. They are of compact growth, with neat, shining leaves, the flowers of the first-mentioned being roseor carmine, and those of the other two pure white. 

R. CANINA. --Dog Rose. Our native Roses have now been reduced to fivespecies, of which the present is one of the number. It is a stragglingshrub, 6 feet or 8 feet high, and armed with curved spines. Flowerssweet-scented, pink or white, and solitary, or in twos or threes at thebranch tips. 

R. CENTIFOLIA. --Hundred-leaved, or Cabbage Rose. Orient, 1596. Abeautiful, sweetly-scented species, growing to 6 feet in height, andhaving leaves that are composed of from three to five broadly ovate, toothed leaflets. The flowers are solitary, or two or three together, drooping, and of a rosy hue, but differing in tint to a considerableextent. This species has varied very much, principally through theinfluences of culture and crossing, the three principal and markedvariations being size, colour, and clothing of the calyx tube. There arethe common Provence Roses, the miniature Provence or Pompon Roses, andthe Moss Rose--all of which are merely races of R. Centifolia. 

R. DAMASCENA. --Damask Rose. Orient, 1573. A bushy shrub varying from 2feet to 8 feet in height according to cultural treatment and age. Theflowers are white or red, large, borne in corymbose clusters, andproduced in great profusion during June and July. The varieties thathave arisen under cultivation by seminal variation, hybridisation, orotherwise are exceedingly numerous. Those now grown are mostly double, and a large proportion of them are light in colour. They include thequatre saisons and the true York and Lancaster. The flowers are highlyfragrant, and, like those of R. Centifolia and other species, are usedindiscriminately for the purpose of making rose water. The species isdistinguished from R. Centifolia by its larger prickles, elongatedfruit, and long, reflexed sepals. 

R. FEROX. --North Asia. This species bears flowers in clusters of two andthree together, terminating the branches. The petals are white with ayellow base. The branches are erect, and thickly crowded with pricklesof unequal size. 

R. GALLICA. --The French, or Gallic Rose. Europe and Western Asia. ThisRose forms a bushy shrub 2 feet to 3 feet high, and has been so longgrown in British gardens that the date of its introduction has been lostin obscurity. It is doubtless the red Rose of ancient writers, but atpresent the flowers may be red, crimson, or white, and there arevarieties of all intermediate shades. Several variegated or stripedRoses belong here, including Gloria Mundi, a popular favourite often buterroneously grown under the name of York and Lancaster. They all flowerin June and July, and, together with other kinds that flower about thesame time, are generally known as summer or old-fashioned garden Roses. 

R. HEMISPHAERICA (_syn R. Sulphurea_). --Orient, 1629. A bushy plantgrowing from 4 feet to 6 feet high, and bearing large double yellowflowers. 

R. INDICA. --Common China, or Monthly Rose. Introduced from China, nearCanton, in 1789, but the native country is not known with certainty. Theflowers of the plant when first introduced were red and generallysemi-double, but the varieties now vary through all shades of blush, rose, and crimson, and the plant varies exceedingly in height, in itsdifferent forms 1 foot to 20 feet in height. The Monthly Roses formbushes generally about 2 feet high or a little over. The Noisette andTea Roses, with several other more or less distinct types, belong here, but as most of them are well known and otherwise well cared for, it isunnecessary to dwell upon them in detail beyond the two varieties heregiven, and which should not be overlooked. 

R. INDICA MINIMA (_syn R. Semperflorens minima, R. Lawrenceana_, and _R. Minima_). --Fairy, or Miniature Rose. China, 1810. A beautiful littleRose that rarely exceeds a height of 4 inches or 5 inches. The flowersare about the size of a half-crown, and somewhat after the York andLancaster as regards colouring, though not, perhaps, so distinctlymarked, and are produced in abundance. For the rock garden it is one ofthe most desirable, and being perfectly hardy still further adds to itsvalue. 

R. INDICA SEMPERFLORENS (_syns R. Bengalensis_ and _R. Diversifolia_). --The Ever-flowering China Rose. China, 1789. A somewhatspreading bush, with slender branches, armed with curved prickles. Leaves composed of three or five leaflets, and tinted with purple. Flowers almost scentless, solitary, semi-double, and of a bright andshowy crimson. 

R. LUTEA (_syn R. Eglanteria_). --The Austrian Brier, or YellowEglantine. South Europe, 1596. This belongs to the Sweet Brier section, and is a bush of from 3 feet to 6 feet high, with shining dark-greenleaves, and large, cup-shaped flowers that are yellow or sometimestinged with reddish-brown within. The Scarlet Austrian Brier (R. Luteapunicea) is a handsome variety, with the upper surface of the petalsscarlet and the under surface yellow. 

R. RUBIGINOSA (_syn R. Eglanteria_). --Eglantine, or Sweet Brier. Thisspecies has pink flowers and clammy leaves, which are glandular on theunder surface, and give out a fragrant smell by which it may berecognised. 

R. RUGOSA (_syn R. Ferox of Bot. Reg. _), a Japanese species, and itsvariety R. Rugosa alba, are beautiful shrubs that have proved themselvesperfectly hardy and well suited for extensive culture in this country. They are of stiff, shrubby habit, about 4 feet high, and with branchesthickly clothed with spines becoming brown with age. Leaflets oval inshape, deep green, with the upper surface rough to the touch, the undersides densely tomentose. Flowers single, fully 3 inches in diameter, thepetals of good substance, and white or rose-coloured. The fruit islarge, larger than that of perhaps any other rose, and of a bright redwhen fully ripe. In so far as beauty of fruit is concerned, this Rosehas certainly no rival, and whether for the rockwork or open border itmust be classed amongst the most useful and beautiful of hardy shrubs. R. Rugosa is a capital hedge plant, and being a true species it isreadily propagated from seed. R. Rugosa Kamtschatika is a deep-redflowered form with deciduous spines. 

R. SEMPERVIRENS. --Evergreen Rose. South Europe and India, 1529. Aclimbing species, with long, slender branches, armed with hookedprickles. Leaves evergreen, shining, and composed of from five to sevenleaflets. The clustered flowers are white and sweet-scented. 

R. SPINOSISSIMA (_syn R. Pimpinellifolia_). --Burnet, or Scotch Rose. Asmall bush about 2 feet high, of neat growth, with small leaves, andpink or white flowers that are solitary at the branch ends. 

R. VILLOSA. --Downy Rose. Europe (Britain). This species is of erectbushy growth, with the leaflets softly downy on both sides. Flowerswhite or pale pink, succeeded by globular fruits, that are more or lesscovered with fine hair or prickles. 

ROSMARINUS. 

ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS. --Common Rosemary. Mediterranean region, 1848. Afamiliar garden shrub, of dense growth, with dusky-gray green linearleaves, and pale blue or white flowers. There is a golden and a silverleaved variety, named respectively R. Officinalis foliis-aureis, and R. Officinalis foliis-argenteis; as also one distinguished by havingbroader foliage than the species, and named R. Officinalis latifolius. 

RUBUS. 

RUBUS ARCTICUS. --Arctic Regions of both hemispheres. An interestingspecies about 6 inches high, with trifoliolate leaves, and deep-redflowers. For Alpine gardening it is a valuable species of dwarf growth. 

R. AUSTRALIS, from New Zealand, is a very prickly species, with theleaves reduced to their stalks and the midribs of three leaflets. Notbeing very hardy it is usually seen as a wall plant. 

R. BIFLORUS. --Himalayas, 1818. A tall-growing species with whitish, spiny stems, and simple three-lobed leaves that are tomentose on theunder sides. The flowers are thickly produced, pure white, and renderthe plant highly attractive, and of great beauty. 

R. DELICIOSUS. --This Rocky Mountain Bramble (1870) is a very worthyspecies, with three or five-lobed (not pinnate) leaves, and large, purewhite flowers that are each about 2 inches in diameter, and produced inprofusion from the leaf-axils. For ornamental planting this may beplaced in the first rank of the family to which it belongs. 

R. FRUTICOSUS. --Common Bramble, or Blackberry. Of this well-known nativespecies there are several worthy varieties, of which the double-floweredare especially worth notice, blooming as they do in the latter part ofsummer. R. Fruticosus flore albo-pleno (Double white-flowered Bramble), and R. Fruticosus flore roseo-pleno (Double red-flowered Bramble) arevery pretty and showy varieties, and well worth including in anycollection. There is a pretty variegated-leaved form of the commonBramble, known as R. Fruticosus variegatus. 

R. LACINIATUS, Cut-leaved Bramble, might also be included on account ofits profusion of white flowers, and neatly divided foliage. 

R. NUTKANUS. --North America, 1826. This has white flowers, but otherwiseit resembles R. Odoratus. 

R. ODORATUS. --Purple flowering Raspberry. North America, 1700. Thesweet-scented Virginian Raspberry forms a rather dense, upright growingbush, fully 4 feet high, with large broadly five-lobed and toothedleaves, that are more or less viscid, sweet-scented, and deciduous. Theleaves are placed on long, hairy, viscid foot-stalks. Flowers interminal corymbs, large and nearly circular, purplish-red in colour, andcomposed of five broad, round petals. The fruit, which is rarelyproduced in this country, is velvety and amber-coloured. It is a veryornamental species, the ample Maple-like leaves and large flowersrendering it particularly attractive in summer. The leaves, and not theflowers as is generally supposed, are sweetly scented. 

R. ROSAEFOLIUS. --Rose-leaved Raspberry. Himalayas, 1811. Anotherhalf-hardy species, and only suited for planting against sunny walls. Leaves pinnate, finer than those of the Raspberry. R. R. Coronarius, with semi-double white flowers, is better than the type. 

R. SPECTABILIS. --The Salmon Berry. North America, 1827. Grows about 6feet high, with ternate or tri-lobate leaves that are very thicklyproduced. Flowers usually bright red or purplish-coloured, and placed onlong pendulous footstalks. It is of very dense growth, occasioned by thenumber of suckers sent up from the roots. 

There are also some of the so-called American Brambles well worthy ofattention, two of the best being Kittatiny and Lawton's:

The brambles are particularly valuable shrubs, as owing to their densegrowth they may be used for a variety of purposes, but especially forcovering unsightly objects or banks. They are all wonderfullyfloriferous, and succeed admirably even in very poor and stony soils. Increase is readily obtained either from root suckers or by layering. 

RUSCUS. 

RUSCUS ACULEATUS. --Butcher's Broom, Pettigree and Pettigrue. Europe(Britain), and North Africa. This is a native evergreen shrub, withrigid cladodes which take the place of leaves, and not very showygreenish flowers appearing about May. For the bright red berries, whichare as large as small marbles, it is alone worth cultivating, while itis one of the few shrubs that grow at all satisfactorily beneath theshade of our larger trees. 

R. HYPOPHYLLUM. --Double Tongue. Mediterranean region, 1640. This specieshas the flowers on the undersides of the leaf-like branches; and itsvariety R. H. Hypoglossum has them on the upper side. Both are of valuefor planting in the shade. 

SAMBUCUS. 

SAMBUCUS CALIFORNICA. --Californian Elder. A rare species as yet, but onethat from its elegant growth and duration of flowers is sure, whenbetter known, to become widely distributed. 

S. GLAUCA has its herbaceous parts covered with a thick pubescence;leaves pubescent on both sides, and with yellow flowers produced inumbels. 

S. NIGRA. --Common Elder. Bourtry, or Bour tree. Although one of ourcommonest native trees, the Elder must rank amongst the most ornamentalif only for its large compound cymes of white or yellowish-whiteflowers, and ample bunches of shining black berries. There are, however, several varieties that should be largely cultivated, such as S. Nigrafoliis aureis (Golden Elder), S. Nigra fructu albo (White Fruited), S. Nigra laciniata (Cut-leaved Elder), S. Nigra argentea (Silver-leavedElder), S. Nigra rotundifolia (Round-leaved Elder), the names of whichwill be sufficient for the purposes of recognition. 

S. RACEMOSA. --Scarlet-berried Elder. South Europe and Siberia, 1596. This is almost a counterpart of our native species, but instead of blackthe berries are brilliant scarlet. It is a highly ornamental species, but it is rather exacting, requiring for its perfect growth a cool andmoist situation. Of this there is a cut-leaved, form, named S. Racemosaserratifolia. 

S. ROSAEFLORA is said to be a seedling from S. Glauca, but differs inmany important points from the parent. It has smooth shoots andbranches, ovate-acuminate leaves that are downy beneath, and flowersrose-coloured without and white within. They are produced in short, spike-like clusters, and are almost destitute of smell. The reddishrings at the insertion of the leaves is another distinguishing feature. 

For freedom of growth in almost every class of soil, and readiness withwhich they may be increased, the more showy kinds of Elder are wellworthy of attention. 

SCHIZANDRA. 

SCHIZANDRA CHINENSIS. --Northern China, 1860. This is a climbing shrub, with oval, bright green leaves, and showy carmine flowers. For clothingarbors and walls it may prove of use, but it is as yet rare incultivation. 

S. COCCINEA, from North America (1806), is another uncommon species inwhich the leaves are oblong and petiolate, and the flowers red orscarlet. For purposes similar to the last this species may be employed. 

SCHIZOPHRAGMA. 

SCHIZOPHRAGMA HYDRANGEOIDES. --Climbing Hydrangea. Japan, 1879. As yetthis is an uncommon shrub, and allied to the Hydrangea. It is of slendergrowth, the stems rooting into the support, and with pinky-whiteflowers. As an ornamental climber it is of no great value, and requiresa favoured spot to grow it at all satisfactorily. 

SHEPHERDIA. 

SHEPHERDIA ARGENTEA. --Beef Suet Tree, or Rabbit Berry. North America, 1820. This shrub is rendered of particular interest on account of theintense silvery hue of the foliage. The leaves are narrow andlanceolate, silvery on both sides, and dotted over with rusty-brownscales beneath. The flowers, which are produced in April, are small andyellow, unisexual, or each sex on a distinct plant. Berries scarlet, about the size of red Currants, and ripe about September. 

S. CANADENSIS. --North America, 1759. This is a small-growing, stragglingspecies, fully 4 feet high, and clothed with rusty scales. The leavesare ovate or elliptic, and green above, and the flowers of aninconspicuous yellow, succeeded by orange-red berries. 

SKIMMIA. 

SKIMMIA FORTUNEI. --Japan, 1845. This is a neat-growing shrub, withglossy, laurel-like leaves, white or greenish-white flowers, and anabundance of scarlet berries in autumn. It succeeds best in a somewhatshady situation, and when planted in not too heavy peaty soil, but whereabundance of not stagnant moisture is present. 

S. JAPONICA (of Thunberg) (_syn S. Oblata_). --Japan, 1864. Aneat-growing, evergreen shrub, with rather larger and more showy leavesthan the former, and spikes of pretty whitish, sweetly scented flowers. The female form of this is usually known as S. Fragrans. What is usuallyknown as S. Oblata ovata, and S. Oblata Veitchii, are only forms of thetrue S. Japonica; while S. Fragrantissima is the male of the samespecies. The beautiful, berried plant that has been exhibited under thename of S. Foremanii, and which is of very vigorous growth, and producespyramidal spikes of sweetly scented flowers, is probably S. Japonica, ora seminal variety. Another variety sent out under the name of S. Macrophylla has unusually large leaves; and another named S. Rogersiproduces fruit very abundantly. 

S. LAUREOLA (_syn Limonia Laureola_), from the Himalayas, is an uncommonspecies, with very fragrant and pale yellow flowers. 

S. RUBELLA (China, 1874) is another member of the family that hasgreenish-white, sweet-scented flowers, and which when better known willbe largely planted. 

SMILAX. 

SMILAX ASPERA. --The Prickly Ivy. South Europe, 1648. A trailing-habitedshrub, with prickly stems, ovate, spiny-toothed, evergreen leaves, andrather unattractive flowers. There are other hardy species from NorthAmerica, including S. Bona-nox (better known as S. Tamnoides), S. Rotundifolia, and S. Herbacea, the first being the most desirable. S. Aspera mauritanica is a hardy variety, but one that is rare incultivation, with long, wiry shoots, and well adapted for wall ortrellis covering. They all require favoured situations, else the growthis short, and the plants stunted and meagre in appearance. 

SOLANUM. 

SOLANUM CRISPUM. --Potato-tree. A native of Chili, 1824, and not veryhardy, except in the coast regions of England and Ireland. It growsstout and bushy, often in favoured places rising to the height of 12feet, and has large clusters of purple-blue flowers that are succeededby small, white berries. This is a decidedly ornamental shrub, thatshould be cultivated wherever a suitable place can be spared. It bearshard pruning back with impunity, and succeeds in any light, rich, loamysoil. 

S. DULCAMARA. --Bitter Sweet, and Woody Nightshade. This is a nativeplant, and one of great beauty when seen clambering over a fence, orbank. It has long, flexuous stems, and large clusters of purple flowers, which are made all the more conspicuous by the showy yellow anthers. Thescarlet fruit is very effective. 

SOPHORA. 

SOPHORA JAPONICA (_syn Styphnolobium japonicum_). --Chinese or JapanesePagoda-tree. China and Japan, 1763. A large deciduous tree, with elegantpinnate foliage, and clusters of greenish-white flowers produced inSeptember. Leaves dark-green, and composed of about eleven leaflets. S. Japonica pendula is one of the most constant of weeping trees, andvaluable for planting in certain well-chosen spots on the lawn or in thepark. 

S. TETRAPTERA. --New Zealand, 1772. This requires protection in thiscountry. It is a valuable species, having numerous leaflets, and bearingracemes of very showy yellow flowers. S. Tetraptera microphylla is asmaller-leaved variety, with ten to forty pairs of leaflets, and isknown in gardens under the names of Edwardsia Macnabiana, and E. Tatraptera microphylla. 

SPARTIUM. 

SPARTIUM JUNCEUM (_syn S. Acutifolium_). --Spanish, or Rush Broom. Mediterranean region and Canary Isles, 1548. This resembles our commonBroom, but the slender Rush-like branches are not angular, and usuallydestitute of leaves. The fragrant yellow flowers are produced abundantlyin racemes, and when at their best impart to the shrub a very strikingand beautiful appearance. For planting in poor, sandy or gravelly soils, or amongst stones and shingle, and where only a very limited number ofshrubs could be got to grow, the Spanish Broom will be found anexcellent and valuable plant. It is a native of Southern Europe, and isquite hardy all over the country. Propagated from seed. 

SPIRAEA. 

SPIRAEA BELLA. --Pretty-flowered Spiraea. Himalayas, 1820. The reddishstems of this rather tall-growing species are of interest, and renderthe plant distinct. Leaves ovate, acute, and serrated, and tomentosebeneath. Flowers in spreading corymbs of a very beautiful rose colour, and at their best from the middle of May till the middle of June. S. Bella alba has white flowers. 

S. BLUMEI. --Blume's Spiraea. Japan. This is a Japanese species, growing4 feet or 5 feet high, with small, ovate, bluntly-pointed leaves, andwhite flowers arranged in compact terminal cymes. It is a good andworthy species for ornamental planting. 

S. BULLATA (_syn S. Crispifolia_. )--Japan. This will ever be accountedvaluable for the rock garden, owing to its very dwarf habit and extremefloriferousness. It bears tiny bunches of bright rose-coloured flowers, and these look all the more charming owing to the miniature size of theshrub, its average height being about 12 inches. A very interesting andvaluable rock shrub, and one that no doubt about its perfect hardihoodneed be entertained. 

S. CANA. --Hoary-leaved Spiraea. Croatia, 1825. This is a small spreadingshrub that rarely rises to more than 18 inches in height, with small, ovate, hoary leaves, and pretty white flowers arranged in corymbs. Forrockwork planting it is one of the most valuable species, growing freelyand producing its showy flowers in abundance. Quite hardy. 

S. CANTONIENSIS (_syn S. Reevesiana_). --Reeve's Spiraea. Japan, 1843. Anevergreen or sub-evergreen species, growing 3 feet high, with lanceolateleaves on long footstalks, and large, pure white flowers arranged interminal corymbs, and placed on long peduncles. 

S. CHAMAEDRIFOLIA (_syn S. Ceanothifolia_). --Germander-leaved Spiraea. South-eastern Europe to Japan, 1789. Grows about a yard high, withovate, pubescent leaves, and white flowers. It varies widely in theshape and size of leaves. S. Chamaedrifolia ulmifolia (Elm-leavedSpiraea) a twiggy shrub, 3 feet high, with broad leaves and whiteflowers, is from Siberia. S. Chamaedrifolia crataegifolia(Hawthorn-leaved Spiraea) is of stout, half-erect growth, with ratherstiff glaucous leaves that are oval in shape, and bright red or pinkflowers in fastigiate panicles. From Siberia 1790, and flowering atmid-summer. 

S. DECUMBENS (_syn S. Nana_). --Decumbent Spiraea. Tyrol. This is thesmallest-growing of the shrubby Spiraeas, rarely attaining to a greaterheight than 12 inches. It is a neat growing plant, with small ovalleaves, and white pedunculate flowers. For planting on the rockwork orin the front line of the shrubbery, this is an invaluable shrub, andsoon forms a neat and pretty specimen. It is perfectly hardy. 

S. DISCOLOR ARIAEFOLIA (_syn S. Ariaefolia_). --White Beam-leavedSpiraea. North-west America, 1827. This forms a dense, erect shrub about6 feet high, with elliptic-oblong leaves, and clothed beneath with awhitish tomentum. The flowers are in large, terminal, slender-stalkedpanicles, and white or yellowish-white. It is one of the handsomestspecies in cultivation, the neat and yet not stiff habit, and pretty, plume-like tufts of flowers making it a general favourite with thecultivators of hardy shrubs. Flowers about mid-summer. In rich soils, and where partially shaded from cold winds, it thrives best. 

S. DOUGLASII. --Douglas's Spiraea. North-west America. This has long, obovate-lanceolate leaves, that are white with down on the undersurface, and bears dense, oblong, terminal panicles of rosy flowers. S. Douglasii Nobleana (Noble's Spiraea) is a variety of great beauty, growing about a yard high, with large leaves often 4 inches long, andlooser panicles of purple-red flowers. Flowering in July. The varietywas introduced from California in 1859. 

S. FISSA. --Split-leaved Spiraea. Mexico, 1839. A stout, erect-growingshrub, about 8 feet high, with rather small leaves, angular, downybranches, and long, loose, terminal panicles of small and greenish-whiteflowers. The leaves are wedge-shaped at the base, and when young havethe lateral incisions split into a pair of unequal and very sharp teeth. Flowering in May and June. In the south and west of England it thrivesbest. 

S. HYPERICIFOLIA (_syn S. Flagellata_). --Asia Minor, 1640. A wiry twiggyshrub, fully 4 feet high, with entire leaves, and small, white flowersproduced in umbels at the tips of the last year's shoots. It is a prettyand desirable species. 

S. JAPONICA (_syns S. Callosa_ and _S. Fortunei_). --Japanese Spiraea. China and Japan, 1859. This is a robust species about a yard high, withlarge lanceolate leaves, and small, rosy-red flowers arranged incorymbose heads. Flowering at mid-summer. There are several finevarieties of this species, including S. Japonica alba, a compact bushabout a foot high with white flowers; S. Japonica rubra differs from thetype in having dark red flowers; S. Japonica splendens, is afree-flowering dwarf plant, with peach-coloured flowers and suitable forforcing; and S. Japonica superba, has dark rose-red flowers. S. Bumaldais a closely allied form, if not a mere variety of S. Japonica. It is ofdwarf habit, with dark reddish-purple flowers. 

S. LAEVIGATA (_syns S. Altaicensis_ and _S. Altaica_). --Smooth Spiraea. Siberia, 1774. A stout, spreading shrub about a yard high, with large, oblong-lanceolate, smooth, and stalkless leaves. The white flowers arearranged in racemose panicles, and produced in May. 

S. LINDLEYANA. --Lindley's Spiraea. Himalayas. A handsome, tall-growingspecies, growing from 6 feet to 8 feet high, with very large pinnateleaves, and pretty white flowers in large terminal panicles. It is thelargest-leaved Spiraea in cultivation, and forms a stately, handsomespecimen, and produces its showy flowers in great quantities. Floweringat the end of summer. 

S. MEDIA (_syns S. Confusa_ and _S. Oblongifolia_). --Northern Asia, etc. The pure white flowers of this species are very freely produced incorymbs along the shoots of the previous season during the months ofJune and July. The lanceolate-elliptic leaves are serrate, or thesmaller ones toothed near the apex only. Within the past few years thespecies has been brought into prominence for forcing purposes, for whichit is admirably suited. It forms an upright, branching bush usuallyabout 3 ft. High, and is best known under the name of S. Confusa. 

S. PRUNIFOLIA. --China and Japan, 1845. A twiggy-branched shrub growing 4feet or 5 feet high, with oval, Plum-like leaves, and white flowers. There is a double-flowering variety named S. Prunifolia flore-pleno, which is both distinct and beautiful. 

S. ROTUNDIFOLIA. --Round-leaved Spiraea. Cashmere, 1839. Aslender-branched shrub, having downy shoots, and round, blunt leaves, flowering in July. 

S. SALICIFOLIA. --Willow-leaved Spiraea. Europe, and naturalised inBritain. An erect-growing, densely-branched shrub, with smooth shoots, which spring usually directly from the ground. Leaves large, lanceolate, smooth, doubly serrated, and produced plentifully. Flowers red orrose-coloured, and arranged in short, thyrsoid panicles. It flowers inJuly and August. S. Salicifolia carnea has flesh-coloured flowers; S. Salicifolia paniculata has white flowers; and S. Salicifolia grandiflorahas pink flowers as large again as the type. S. Salicifolia alpestris(Mountain Spiraea) grows fully 2 feet high, with lanceolate, finely-toothed leaves, and loose, terminal panicles of pink or redflowers. From Siberia, and flowering in autumn. S. Salicifolia latifolia(_syn S. Carpinifolia_), the Hornbeam-leaved Spiraea, is awhite-flowered variety, with leaves resembling those of the Hornbeam. From North America. 

S. SORBIFOLIA. --Sorbus-leaved Spiraea. Siberia, 1759. A handsome, stoutspecies, 4 feet high, with large, pinnate, bright green leaves, andsmall, white, sweetly-scented flowers produced in thyrsoid panicles. 

S. THUNBERGII. --Thunberg's Spiraea. Japan. The white flowers of thisspecies smell somewhat like those of the Hawthorn, and are freelyproduced on the leafless, twiggy stems, in March or early in April, according to the state of the weather. They are borne in axillaryclusters from buds developed in the previous autumn, and are verywelcome in spring, long before the others come into bloom. The bushvaries from one to three feet high, and is clothed withlinear-lanceolate, sharply serrated leaves. 

S. TOMENTOSA. --Tomentose Spiraea. North America, 1736. This speciesgrows 2 feet or 3 feet high, has rusty tomentose shoots and leaves, andlarge, dense, compound spikes of showy red flowers. Flowering in summer. 

S. TRILOBATA (_syn S. Triloba_). --Three-lobed Spiraea. Altaian Alps, 1801. This is a distinct species with horizontally arranged branches, small, roundish, three-lobed leaves, and white flowers arranged inumbel-like corymbs. It flowers in May, and is quite hardy. 

S. UMBROSA (Shady Spiraea) and S. EXPANSA (Expanded-flowered Spiraea), the former from Northern India and the latter from Nepaul, are wellsuited for planting in somewhat shady situations, and are veryornamental species. The first mentioned grows about a foot high, withrather large leaves, and cymes of white flowers on long slenderfootstalks; while S. Expansa has pink flowers, and lanceolate andcoarsely serrated leaves. 

There are other valuable-flowering kinds, such as S. Capitata, withovate leaves and white flowers; S. Pikowiensis, a rare species withwhite flowers; S. Cuneifolia, with wedge-shaped leaves and panicles ofpretty white flowers; and S. Vacciniaefolia, a dwarf-growing species, with small ovate, serrulated leaves, and showy, pure white flowers. S. Betulifolia and S. Chamaedrifolia flexuosa are worthy forms of freegrowth and bearing white flowers. 

STAPHYLEA. 

STAPHYLEA COLCHICA. --Colchican Bladder Nut. Caucasus. This is a verydistinct shrub, about 6 feet high, with large clusters of showy whiteflowers. Being quite hardy, and very ornamental, this species is worthythe attention of planters. 

S. PINNATA. --Job's Tears, or St. Anthony's Nut. South Europe. This is astraggling shrub, from 6 feet to 8 feet high, with white, racemoseflowers, succeeded by bladder-like capsules. 

S. TRIFOLIA. --North America, 1640. This is distinguished by its largerwhite flowers and trifoliolate leaves. It is the American Bladder Nut, but, like the latter, can hardly be included amongst ornamental plants. 

All the Bladder Nuts grow freely in good light dampish loam. 

STAUNTONIA. 

STAUNTONIA HEXAPHYLLA. --China and Japan, 1876. This evergreen twiningshrub is not to be generally recommended, it requiring wall protectioneven in southern England. The leaves are deep green and pinnate, whilethe greenish-white flowers are fragrant, and produced in the beginningof summer. 

STUARTIA. 

STUARTIA PENTAGYNA (_syn Malachodendron ovatum_). --North America, 1785. This differs only from the S. Virginica in having five distinct styles, hence the name. Under very favourable circumstances this is the tallergrowing species, and the leaves and flowers are larger. 

S. PSEUDO-CAMELLIA (_syn S. Grandiflora_). --Japan, 1879. This is ofrecent introduction, and differs from the others in the flowers beingrather larger, and of a purer white, and supplied with yellow instead ofred stamens. It is quite hardy in Southern England and Ireland at least. 

S. VIRGINICA (_syn S. Marylandica_). --North America, 1743. This is ahandsome free-growing shrub, of often 10 feet in height, with large, creamy-white flowers, that are rendered all the more conspicuous by thecrimson-red stamens. The flowers--like those of a single Rose, and fully2-1/2 inches across--are produced in May. Quite hardy, as many finespecimens in some of our old English gardens will point out. 

Though, perhaps, rather exacting in their requirements, the Stuartiasmay be very successfully grown if planted in light, moist, peaty earth, and where they will be screened from cold, cutting winds. 

STYRAX. 

STYRAX AMERICANA and S. PULVERULENTA are not commonly cultivated, beingfar less showy than the Japanese species. They bear white flowers. 

S. OFFICINALIS. --Storax. Levant, 1597. This is a small deciduous shrub, with ovate leaves, and short racemes of pretty pure white flowers. A notvery hardy species, and only second-rate as an ornamental floweringshrub. 

S. SERRULATA VIRGATA (_syn S. Japonica_). --Japanese Storax. Japan. Aneat-habited and dense-growing shrub, with pretty white flowers that areneatly set off by the showy yellow stamens. It is an extremely prettyshrub, with long, slender, much-branched shoots, furnished with ovateleaves, and deliciously-scented, snow-white bell-shaped flowers, produced for nearly the full length of the shoots. So far, this shrub ofrecent introduction has proved quite hardy. S. Serrulata variegata is awell-marked and constant form. 

SYMPHORICARPUS. 

SYMPHORICARPUS OCCIDENTALIS. --Wolf Berry. North America. This specieshas larger and more freely-produced flowers, and smaller fruit than thecommonly-cultivated plant. 

S. RACEMOSUS (_syn Symphoria racemosus_). --Snowberry. North America, 1817. One of the commonest shrubs in English gardens, with small, oval, entire leaves, and neat little racemes of pretty pink flowers, succeededby the familiar snow-white berries, and for which the shrub is soremarkable. 

S. VULGARIS. --Coral Berry, Common St. Peter's Wort. North America, 1730. This is readily distinguished by its showy and freely-produced coralberries. There is a very neat and much sought after variety, havingconspicuous green and yellow leaves, and named S. Vulgaris foliisvariegatis. 

The Snowberries are of no great value as ornamental shrubs, but owing totheir succeeding well in the very poorest and stoniest of soils, andbeneath the shade and drip of trees, it is to be recommended that theyare not lost sight of. They grow and spread freely, and are thereforeuseful where unchecked and rampant shrub growth is desirable. 

SYMPLOCOS. 

SYMPLOCOS JAPONICA (_syn S. Lucida_). --A small growing and not verydesirable species from Japan (1850). 

S. TINCTORIA. --Sweet-leaf, or Horse Sugar. South United States, 1780. This is a small-growing shrub, with clusters of fragrant yellow flowers, but it is not very hardy unless planted against a sheltered and sunnywall. 

SYRINGA. 

SYRINGA CHINENSIS (_syns. S. Dubia_ and _S. Rothomagensis_). --Rouen, orChinese Lilac. A plant of small growth, with narrow leaves, andreddish-violet flowers. It is said to have been raised by M. Varin, ofthe Botanic Garden, Rouen, as a hybrid between S. Vulgaris and S. Persica, 1795. 

S. EMODI. --Himalayas, 1840. This is a desirable species, that forms astout bush or small tree, with oblong, reticulately-veined leaves, anderect, dense panicles of white flowers, that are sometimes lilac tinged. The flowers are strongly scented, and borne in great profusion late inthe season. There is a variegated form, S. Emodi variegata, and anothernamed S. Emodi villosa, both good varieties. 

S. JAPONICA (_syns S. Amurensis_ and _Ligustrina amurensis_). --Japan. This is of recent introduction, and is a decided acquisition, producingin summer large and dense clusters of creamy-white flowers. It is a verydesirable species, and though coming from Japan seems to be perfectlyhardy. 

S. JOSIKAEA, Josika's Lilac, is of Hungarian origin (1835), and is sototally different from the others as to be well worthy of specialattention. It rarely exceeds 6 feet in height, with dark-green, wrinkledleaves, and erect spikes of pale mauve flowers. 

S. PERSICA (Persian Lilac). --Persia, 1640. This is a distinctsmall-growing species, with slender, straight branches, and lilac orwhite flowers produced in small clusters. The form bearing white flowersis named S. Persica alba; and there is one with neatly divided foliagecalled S. Persica laciniata. 

S. VULGARIS. --Common Lilac, or Pipe Tree. Persia and Hungary, 1597. Thisis one of the commonest and most highly praised of English gardenshrubs, and one that has given rise, either by natural variation or bycrossing with other species, to a great number of superior forms. Thefollowing include the best and most ornamental of the numerousvarieties:--alba, pure white flowers; alba-grandiflora, very largeclusters of white flowers; alba-magna, and alba virginalis, both goodwhite-flowering forms; Dr. Lindley, large clusters of reddish-lilacflowers; Charles X. , purplish-lilac flowers, but white when forced;Souvenir De Ludwig Spath, with massive clusters of richly colouredflowers; Glorie de Moulins, Marie Legrange, Noisetteana, Duchesse deNemours, and Vallettiana, all beautiful flowering forms that are wellworthy of cultivation, and that are of the simplest growth. 

The double-flowered varieties, for which we are much indebted to M. Victor Lemoine, of Nancy, are fast gaining favour with cultivators inthis country, and rightly, too, for they include several very handsome, full flowered forms. The following are best known:--

S. Vulgaris Alphonse Lavallee, with full double red flowers, changing to mauve. " Emile Lemoine, mauve-pink, suffused with white; very handsome. " La Tour d'Auvergne, mauve shaded with rose. A beautiful and very dark coloured form. " Lemoinei, nearly resembling our common species, but with full double flowers. " Leon Simon, light pink, mauve shaded. " Madame Lemoine, the finest form, bearing very large pure white double flowers. " Michael Buchner, rosy lilac. " Virginité, whitish pink, nearly white when fully expanded. 

President Grevy is one of the same beautiful group. The blooms arelarge, double, and produced in very massive clusters, and of a lightbluish-lilac tint, when forced almost white. The first of this group, S. Vulgaris Lemoinei, was sent out about 1884, and was then awarded acertificate by the R. H. S. The range in colouring of these Lilacs israther confined, so that the various forms resemble one another in nosmall degree, particularly when the flowers are opened under glass. Fromthe large size of the flower bunches, and the individual flowers beingdouble, they are all of great beauty, and being quite hardy stillfurther enhances their value for outdoor gardening purposes. 

The Lilacs grow freely in any soil of fair quality, but a free, rich, and not too dry loam, would seem to suit the majority of these plantsbest. 

TAMARIX. 

TAMARIX GALLICA. --Common Tamarisk. India to Europe. This shrub often infavoured maritime places reaches to a height of fully 10 feet, with longand slender branches, and spikes of pretty, rosy-pink flowers producedat the end of summer. For sea-side planting, it is an invaluable shrub, and on account of its feathery appearance and wealth of showy flowers iswell worthy of being included in our list of ornamental and usefulshrubs. 

T. PARVIFLORA (_syns T. Africana_ and _T. Tetrandra_), South-easternEurope and Levant, is a nearly allied species, with white, pinky-tingedflowers. 

TECOMA. 

TECOMA GRANDIFLORA (_syn Bignonia grandiflora_), from China and Japan(1800), is not so hardy as T. Radicans, although in certain maritimedistricts it succeeds fairly well. The flowers are very attractive, being of a rich orange-scarlet, and produced in drooping clusters. Bothfoliage and flowers are larger than those of T. Radicans. It wants awarm, sunny wall, and light, rich, and well-drained soil, and if onlyfor its lovely flowers, it is well worthy of coddling and goodtreatment. 

T. RADICANS (_syn Bignonia radicans_). --Trumpet Flower. North America, 1640. An old occupant of our gardens and one of the most beautiful wallplants in cultivation. It is a tall climber, of sometimes fully 20 feetin height, with graceful pinnate leaves, and handsome trumpet-shapedscarlet-red flowers, that are at their best about mid-summer, though theperiod of flowering extends over a considerable length of time. Thestems are long, twisted, and wiry, and like those of the Ivy send outroots at the joints and so fasten the plant in position. Few climbingplants are more attractive than the Trumpet Flower, and being hardy inmost parts of the country, and free of growth, is to be recommended forcovering walls, and arches, or similar structures. T. Radicans major isof more robust growth than the species, with larger foliage and palerflowers. The orange-scarlet flowers are produced in terminal corymbs. 

TILIA. 

TILIA VULGARIS (_syns T. Europea_ and _T. Intermedia_). --Lime, or LindenTree. Europe, Caucasus, and naturalised in Britain. Probably none of theLimes would be included in a list of ornamental-flowering trees andshrubs, still that they are of great interest and beauty even in thatstate cannot be denied. The common species as well as its numerousvarieties have sweetly scented, yellowish-white flowers in terminalcymes, and are, though individually small, highly ornamental when fullydeveloped. Other species of great interest when in flower are T. Alba(_syn T. Argentea_), Silver Lime; T. Petiolaris, a curious and beautifulspecies; and T. Euchlora. 

The various species and varieties of Lime succeed well in almost anyclass of soil, but rich loam on sand is considered the most suitable fortheir perfect development. 

ULEX. 

ULEX EUROPAEUS. --Furze, Gorse, or Whin. This pretty native shrub needsno description, suffice it to say that it is one of thehandsomest-flowering shrubs in cultivation. U. Europaeus flore-pleno(Double-flowered Gorse) is even more beautiful than the species, thewealth of golden flowers almost hiding the plant from view. U. Europaeusstrictus (Irish Furze) is of more erect and slender growth, and lessrigid than the common species. 

U. NANUS. ---Dwarf Gorse, Cat Whin, and Tam Furze. This differsconsiderably from the common plant, not only in stature, but in the timeof flowering. In this species the bracts at the calyx base are smallcompared with those of U. Europaeus, while the smaller flowers areproduced during summer, and when not a bloom is to be found on itssupposed parent. It is of dense growth, the tallest stems rarely risingfrom the ground to a greater height than about 15 inches. 

All the Furze family succeed admirably in the poorest of soil; indeed, adry gravelly bank would seem to be their favourite haunt. 

VACCINIUM. 

VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM. --Canada to Carolina and Georgia, 1765. This is oneof the most beautiful and showy species, with dense clusters of small, pinky flowers. 

V. MYRTILLUS. --Whortleberry, Bilberry, Blackberry, and Blueberry. Anative plant, with angular stems, ovate-toothed leaves, and pinky-whiteflowers, succeeded by bright, bluish-black berries. 

V. PENNSYLVANICUM. --New England to Virginia, 1772. This has ratherinconspicuous flowers, and is of greatest value for the autumnal foliagetints. 

V. VITIS-IDEA (Cowberry, Flowering Box, or Brawlins) a native species, has racemose flowers, and red berries. 

Other species that might be included are V. Canadense, V. Stamineum, V. Frondosum, and V. Ligustrifolium. 

The various species of Vaccinium are of dwarf or procumbent growth, andonly suitable for planting in beds, or on rockwork, where they will notbe lost sight of. They thrive best in soil of a peaty nature. 

VERONICA. 

VERONICA PINQUIFOLIA. --New Zealand, 1870. This is one of the hardiestspecies, but it is of low growth, and only suitable for alpinegardening. It is a dwarf spreading shrub, with intensely glaucous leavesand white flowers. 

V. TRAVERSII. --New Zealand, 1873. This may be considered as one of thefew species of hardy Veronicas. It grows about 4 feet high, with deepgreen leaves arranged in rows, and white flowers, produced late insummer. It is a very free-growing shrub, of perfect hardihood, and oneof, if not the best for general planting. 

The above two species are, so far as is at present known, the hardiestin cultivation, although there are many kinds that will succeed wellunder very favourable conditions, and particularly when planted by thesea-side. Other half-hardy species might include V. Salicifolia(Willow-leaved Veronica), with long, narrow leaves, and white orpurplish flowers; V. Ligustrifolia (Privet-leaved Veronica), with spikesof feathery-white flowers; V. Speciosa, with erect spikes ofpurplish-blue flowers; and V. Andersoni, a hybrid form, with spikes ofbluish-violet flowers. 

The dwarf or alpine species might include V. Cupressoides, withCypress-like foliage, V. Lyallii, V. Carnosula, and others, but suchhardly come within our scope. 

VIBURNUM. 

VIBURNUM ACERIFOLIUM. --Dockmackie. New England to Carolina, 1736. Thisis one of the handsomest members of the family, being of slender growthand compact and neat in habit. It grows to fully 4 feet in height, andis well supplied with neatly three-lobed leaves, these in the autumnturning to a deep crimson. The flowers, too, are highly ornamental, being borne in fair sized clusters, and white or yellowish-white. It isa very desirable and beautiful plant, quite hardy, and of free growth inany fairly rich soil. 

V. AWAFUKII. --Japan, 1842. This is another rare and beautiful plant, ofneat habit, and producing an abundance of showy white flowers, that are, however, seldom produced in this country. 

V. DAHURICUM. --Dahuria, 1785. This is a charming hardy species, which inMay and June is covered with numerous umbels of showy white flowers. Itforms a rather spreading bush of 6 feet or 8 feet high, with gray downybranches, and neat foliage. The berries are oval-oblong, red at first, but becoming black and faintly scented when fully ripe. 

V. DENTATUM. --Arrowwood. A native of the United States, 1763. This canbe recommended as a distinct and beautiful shrub, with cymes of whiteflowers that are produced in plenty. The leaves are dark green, smooth, and shining, and strongly veined, while the bark is ash-coloured, andthe berries bright blue. 

V. LANTANA. --Wayfaring Tree. Europe (Britain). This is a native speciesof large bush, or almost tree growth, with rugose, oblong, serrulatedleaves, and large, flat cymes of white flowers appearing in May andJune. The whole tree is usually covered with a scaly tomentum, while thefruit is a black flattened drupe. 

V. LENTAGO. --Sheepberry and Sweet Viburnum. North America, 1761. Thisresembles our native V. Lantana, with dense clusters of white blossomssucceeded by black berries. 

V. MACROCEPHALUM (_syn V. Fortunei_). --China, 1844. This is a Chinesespecies, but one that cannot be depended on as hardy enough to withstandour most severe winters. It has very large heads or panicles of whiteneutral flowers. Against a sunny wall and in a cosy nook it mayoccasionally be found doing fairly well, but it is not to be generallyrecommended. 

V. NUDUM. --American Withe Rod. Canada to Georgia, 1752. This is alsoworthy of being included in a selection of these shrubs. 

V. OPULUS. --Guelder Rose. A native shrub of great beauty, whether infoliage, flower, or fruit. The leaves are variously lobed or deeplytoothed, large and handsome, and the flower heads of good size, flat, and composed of a number of small flowers, the outer only being sterile. Individually the flowers are dull and inconspicuous, but being producedin amazing quantity, they have a very pleasing and effective appearance. The great bunches of clear pinky berries render a fair-sized plantparticularly handsome and attractive, and for which alone, as alsobeauty of autumnal foliage, the shrub is well worthy of extensiveculture. It grows fully 15 feet high, and may frequently be seen as muchthrough. V. Opulus sterilis (Snowball Tree) is one of the commonestoccupants of our shrubberies, and a decidedly ornamental-floweringshrub. The large, almost globular flower heads hanging from every branchtip, are too well-known to require description, and have made the shrubone of the most popular in ornamental planting. 

V. PAUCIFLORUM is a native of cold, moist woods from Labrador to Alaska, and may best be described as a miniature V. Opulus. It rarely grows morethan 4 feet high, with small cymes of flowers, that are devoid of theneutral flowers of that species. 

V. PLICATUM, from Japan 1846, is another very beautiful and desirableshrub, of rather dwarf, spreading growth, and having the leaves deeplywrinkled, plaited, and serrated on the margins. The flowers resemblethose of the commonly cultivated species, but they are rather larger, and of a purer white. It is a decidedly ornamental species of easygrowth in any good soil, and where not exposed to cold winds. 

V. PRUNIFOLIUM, New England to Carolina, 1731, with Plum-like leaves, and pretty white flowers, is another free-growing and beautiful NorthAmerican species. 

V. PYRIFOLIUM. --Pear-leaved Viburnum. Pennsylvania to New Jersey, 1812. This is a rarely-seen, but very ornamental species, with oval-shaped, finely-toothed leaves, that are borne on short, slightly-winged stalksabout half-an-inch long. Flowers sweetly scented, white, and in broadcorymbs, the feathery appearance of the long, projecting stamens, eachtipped with a golden anther, adding considerably to the beauty of theflowers. 

V. RETICULATUM and V. LAEVIGATUM are rarely seen species, but of interestbotanically, if not for floral beauty. 

V. TINUS. --Laurustinus. South Europe, 1596. So commonly cultivated ashrub needs no description here, sufficient to say that the handsomeevergreen foliage and pretty pinky-white flowers assign to it a firstposition amongst hardy ornamental flowering shrubs, V. Tinus strictumhas darker foliage than the species, is more upright, rather more hardy, but not so profuse in the bearing of flowers. V. Tinus lucidum(Glossy-leaved Laurustinus), of the several varieties of Laurustinus hasthe largest foliage, finest flowers, and altogether is of the mostrobust growth. It is, unfortunately, not very hardy, probably in thatrespect not even equalling the parent plant. Usually it does not flowerfreely, neither are the flowers produced so early as in the species, butindividually they are much larger. It is of tall growth, and rarelyforms the neat, dense bush, for which the common shrub is so admired. V. Tinus rotundifolium has rounded leaves; and V. Tinus rotundifoliumvariegatum has irregularly variegated leaves. 

VINCA. 

VINCA MAJOR. --Band-plant, Cut-finger, and Larger Periwinkle. Europe(Britain). For trailing over tree-stumps or rockwork this prettyevergreen shrub has a distinctive value, the bright green leaves andshowy deep blue flowers rendering it both conspicuous and ornamental. V. Major elegantissima is a decided variety, the leaves being neatly andevenly variegated, and making the plant of great value for bank orrock-work decoration. 

V. MINOR. --Lesser Periwinkle. This is of much smaller growth than thepreceding, and differs, too, in not having the leaf-margins ciliated. The variety V. Minor flore-albo has white flowers, those of the normalplant being pale blue; V. Minor flore-pleno differs in having doubleblue flowers; V. Minor foliis aureis has golden-tinted leaves; and V. Minor foliis argenteis bears silvery mottled and very attractivefoliage. 

They are all of simple growth, succeeding well in somewhat shadysituations, and in by no means the richest of soil. As they run aboutfreely and soon cover an extent of ground they are rendered of greatvalue for a variety of purposes. 

VITEX. 

VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS. --Chaste Tree, Hemp Tree, and Monk's Pepper-tree. ASouth European shrub (1670), growing from 6 feet to 10 feet high, withdigitate leaves that are almost hoary beneath, and spikes of smallviolet flowers. It is not very hardy, although in some of the warmerparts of southern England and Ireland, fair-sized, healthy-lookingspecimens are now and then to be met with. As a wall plant, however, itsucceeds best, and for which purpose, with its neat foliage and prettyflowers, it is peculiarly suitable. 

VITIS. 

VITIS HETEROPHYLLA HUMILIFOLIA. --Turquoise-berried Vine. North China andJapan, 1868. The leaves of this Vine are three to five lobed, and thesmall flowers freely produced in slightly branching cymes. The latterare succeeded by their most interesting and attractive berries, thatripen in September and October. They are pale china-blue, marked allover with very dark specks. The stems grow to a height of 4 feet to 8feet, and should be trained against a wall in a sunny position to ripenthe berries. The plant is perfectly hardy. The variety V. Heterophyllavariegata is a dwarf, low-growing plant with variegated leaves, and isused for pot work, for covering the ground in sub-tropical beddingdesigns, and might be used to great advantage for rambling over largestones in the rock garden. 

WISTARIA. 

WISTARIA CHINENSIS (_syns W. Sinensis, Glycine chinensis_, and _G. Sinensis_). --Chinese Wistaria. China, 1816. This is the only species atall common in gardens, and by far the handsomest in cultivation. Itjustly ranks amongst the most beautiful of hardy climbing shrubs, and isinvaluable as a wall plant, or for clothing the bare stems of sparselyfoliaged trees. The purplish-lilac flowers are produced in long, drooping racemes in early summer. W. Chinensis alba has pretty whiteflowers; W. Chinensis flore-pleno has not proved very satisfactory, butwhen seen at its best, which is, however, but rarely, the double flowersare both beautiful and showy; W. Chinensis variegata has badlyvariegated foliage; and W. Chinensis macrobotrys is a plant of greatbeauty with very long racemes of pale lavender flowers, but they vary agood deal in colour, those of some plants being almost white. It is avery desirable variety, and one that when better known is sure toattract attention. 

W. FRUTESCENS (_syns Glycine frutescens_ and _Thyrsanthusfrutescens_). --North America, 1724. This is a very handsome deciduousclimbing species from North America. The flowers, which appear towardsautumn, are bluish purple and fragrant, and borne in erect racemes. Itis quite hardy and equally suitable with the Chinese species for usingas a wall covering. W. Frutescens magnifica is an improved form of thespecies. 

W. JAPONICA. --Japan. A bush-like species bearing white flowers, but itis rarely seen in cultivation. It is, however, quite hardy, and succeedswell in the bush state at Kew. 

W. MULTIJUGA. --Japan, 1874. Resembles somewhat our commonly-cultivatedspecies, and has pale purple flowers arranged in long racemes. It is avery ornamental and desirable species, but the flowers are not borne ingreat quantity. 

The Wistarias are of simple culture, but succeed best in rather richalluvial soil, and where protection from cold winds is provided. 

XANTHOCERAS. 

XANTHOCERAS SORBIFOLIA. --China, 1870. An extremely pretty flowered andhandsome leaved shrub, but owing to its late introduction is not yetwell known. So far it has proved itself perfectly hardy in this country, there being specimens at wide distances apart that have stood uninjuredthrough our past severe winters. 

The leaves are pale green, and pinnate, somewhat resembling those of theRowan Tree. Flowers five petalled, creamy white, sometimes very slightlytinged with flesh colour, with a coppery red or violet-purple centre, and disposed in racemes. When fully expanded they are an inch across, and somewhat reflexed. It flowers early in April, with the appearance ofthe leaves, the blooms being produced in great abundance, in spike-likeclusters fully seven inches long, and succeeded by a small greenPear-like fruit. This is one of the most distinct and handsome ofrecently introduced shrubs, and will, when more widely disseminated, belargely planted for purely ornamental purposes. It grows from 10 feet toabout 15 feet high. 

XANTHORHIZA. 

XANTHORHIZA APIIFOLIA. --Yellow-root. Pennsylvania, 1776. A small growingshrub, with yellow creeping roots, from which suckers are thrown upprofusely. The leaves are irregularly pinnate, and the minute flowers, which are borne in large, branching spikes, are of a peculiar darkpurple colour. It prefers a cool, moist situation. 

YUCCA. 

YUCCA FILAMENTOSA. --Silk Grass. North America, 1675. A well-known andbeautiful plant, with numerous leaves arranged in a dense rosette, andfrom 1 foot to 2 feet long by 2 inches broad. Flower scape rising to 5feet or 6 feet in height, and bearing numerous flowers that are eachabout 2 inches deep. There is a beautiful variegated form of thisspecies named Y. Filamentosa variegata, and one with much narrowerleaves than the typical species, and known as Y. Filamentosaangustifolia. 

Y. GLORIOSA. --The Mound Lily. United States, 1596. This is anotherwell-known hardy species, with long, sharp-pointed leaves, and ahandsome, much branched scape, of flowers that are each about 2 inchesdeep. There are several varieties, differing in colour of foliage, including Y. Gloriosa glaucescens, with decidedly glaucous foliage; Y. Gloriosa superba, with rigid leaves and a shorter and denser flowerscape; and another with variegated leaves. Y. Gloriosa recurvifolia isusually dwarfer in the stem than the type, and more inclined to branchthan the other species, and less rigid, with recurving leaves that arenot so sharp-pointed, The flower panicle is large and very muchbranched. 

The Yuccas all do well if planted in light loam of good quality. 

ZELKOVA. 

ZELKOVA ACUMINATA (_syns Z. Japonica_ and _Planera acuminata_). --Japan. This resembles very nearly our common Elm in appearance, and beingperfectly hardy is to be recommended for planting in this country. 

Z. CRENATA (_syns Planera crenata_ and _P. Richardi_). --Zelkova Tree. Western Asia to Mount Caucasus, 1760. This is a handsome, large growingtree, with oblong deeply-crenated leaves, and small and inconspicuousflowers. For avenue planting or as a standard specimen this is avaluable tree, being quite hardy, and of free and quick growth. P. Crenata pendula is a good weeping form, and worthy of culture. 

Z. CRETICA. --Crete. A pretty small growing bush or tree of about 20 feetin height, with crenate, leathery, dark green leaves, which are usuallyfully an inch in length. The leaves are hairy, and the twigs, too, arethickly covered with short grey hairs. 

ZAUSCHNERIA. 

ZAUSCHNERIA CALIFORNICA. --Californian Fuchsia, or Humming Birds'Trumpet. California and Mexico, 1847. A small-growing, densely-branchedshrub, with linear-lanceolate silvery pubescent leaves, and bright redor scarlet tubular flowers, with a long, slender style resembling someof the Fuchsias. It is a pretty and distinct Alpine shrub, and not beingperfectly hardy should be assigned a rather warm and sheltered position. 

ZENOBIA. 

ZENOBIA SPECIOSA (_syn Andromeda speciosa_ and _A. Cassinaefolia_). --South United States, 1800. This is a distinct andpretty hardy species, a native of swampy low-lying districts. It growsabout four feet high, and bears pure white, bell-shaped, Lily-of-the-Valley like flowers in great abundance during the summer. Intoo dry situations it becomes sparse of foliage and unhappy, but growsand flowers freely in light, peaty soil. Z. Speciosa pulverulenta is avery desirable variety, the whole plant, stems, foliage, and flowers, being of a pleasing light gray or white colour. Individually the flowersare larger than those of the species. 

_ADDENDA_. 

EXOCHORDA. 

EXOCHORDA GRANDIFLORA (_syn Spiraea grandiflora_). --North China. Thishandsome shrub forms a much branched, spreading bush, about 4 feet to 6feet high, and flowers abundantly in May. The habit is similar to thatof a shrubby Spiraea, but the pure white flowers are as large as thoseof some of the species of Cherry, and quite unlike those of any knownspecies of Spiraea. The flowers are liable to injury sometimes from latespring frosts, but the plant itself is quite hardy. As a bush on thelawn it is nevertheless highly ornamental and desirable. 

MYRICARIA. 

MYRICARIA GERMANICA. --Europe, Asia, 1582. A tall, somewhat stragglingshrub, very similar to the Tamarisk, with terminal spikes of pink orrosy flowers, produced freely nearly all the summer. It succeeds well inthis country in sea-side situations, and is often described as aTamarisk by gardeners. 

TREES SUITABLE FOR PLANTING IN TOWNS. 

Acer macrophylla saccharinumAesculus Hippocastanum rubicundaAilanthus glandulosaCrataegus Oxyacantha flore-plena tenacetifoliaCatalpa bignonioidesCerasus (Prunus), nearly allGleditschia triacanthosLiriodendron tulipiieraMagnolia acuminata glaucaPyrus of sortsRobinia Pseud-acacia and its varieties viscosaSophora japonicaTilia, in variet. 

SHRUBS FOR TOWN PLANTING. 

Amelanchier, in varietyArbutus UnedoBerberis Aquifolium vulgarisCistus ladaniferus laurifoliusColutea arborescensDaphne Laureola Mezereum ponticaDeutzia crenata gracilisForsythia suspensa viridissimaGriselinia littoralisHibiscus syriacusHypericum calycinumHypericum nepalenseKoelrenteria paniculataLeycesteria formosaPhiladelphus GordonianusPrunus nanaPyrus japonicaRhus CotinusRibes aureum sanguineumSkimmia japonicaSyringa (nearly all)Ulex europaeus fl. -pl. Viburnum OpulusWeigelia roseaYucca gloriosa recurva

TREES FOR THE SEASIDE. 

Acer campestre saccharinumArbutus UnedoAilanthus glandulosaAesculus Hippocastanum rubicundaCatalpa bignonioidesFraxinus Ornus

SHRUBS FOR THE SEASIDE. 

Atriplex halimusCerasus lusitanicaCytisus Laburnum scopariusEuonymus japonicus europaeusFabiana imbricataGriselinia littoralisHippophae rhomnoidesIlex AquifoliumLaurus nobilisLycium europaeumPrunus PadusRhamnus frangulaRibes sanguineumRosa spinosissimaShepherdia argenteaSpirea adiantifoliaSyringa persica vulgarisSymphoricarpus racemosusTamarix gallica germanicaUlex europaeaViburnum Tinus

THE FLOWERING SEASONS OF TREES AND SHRUBS. 

_The asterisk * after the name denotes that the species continues inflower for a longer period than the month under which it is placed_. 

JANUARY. 

Erica carnea*Chimonanthus fragrans*Crataegus Oxyacantha praecox*Jasminum nudiflorum*Ulex europaeus*Viburnum Tinus*

FEBRUARY. 

Cornus Mas*Daphne Laureola* Mezereum*Hamamelis japonicaLonicera fragrantissima*Magnolia conspicua*Parrotia persica*Pittosporum Tobira*Prunus nana* Davidiana*Rosmarinus officinalis*

MARCH. 

Arbutus Andrachne*Berberis japonica*Erica mediterranea*Forsythia viridissima*Garrya ellipticaMagnolia stellata*Nuttallia cerasiformis*Prunus Amygdalus* ilicifolia* japonica* spinosa* triloba* tomentosaRhododendron dahuricum ledifoliumSkimmia FortuneiSpiraea Thunbergi*Xanthoriza apiifolia*

APRIL. 

Akebia quinata*Amelanchier alnifolia canadensis vulgarisBerberis Aquifolium* Darwinii* pinnata vulgarisCaesalpinia sepiariaCaragana frutescens spinosa*Ceanothus cuneatus* rigidus*Clematis cirrhosa* florida*Cornus floridaCytisus scoparius*Daphne altaica Blagayana Cneorum* Genkwa sericeaDeutzia gracilis*Diervilla rosea*Drimys aromaticaFothergilla alnifolia*Fremontia californicaHalesia diptera tetrapteraKalmia glauca*Laburnum vulgare*Ledum latifolium palustreLonicera Caprifolium* tatarica*Magnolia cordata* Fraseri Lennei obovata discolorPieris floribunda* japonica*Prunus Avium Juliana cerasifera cerasifera Pissardii Cerasus domestica divaricata Mahaleb maritima Padus* paniculata flore-pleno Puddum* sinensisPyrus angustifolia baccata* floribunda* japonica MauleiPyrus prunifolia* rivularis* sinica vestitaRhododendron campanulatum Rhodora*Rhodotypos kerrioidesRibes aureum* cereum floridum* sanguineumRosa indica*Sambucus racemosa*Skimmia japonica LaureolaSpiraea prunifoliaStuartia virginica*Syringa EmodiXanthoceras sorbifolia

MAY. 

Abelia triflora*Aesculus glabra HippocastanumArbutus MenziesiiBerberis aristata* Bealei empetrifolia sinensis trifoliolata WallichianaCalycanthus floridus*Caragana arborescens microphyllaCeanothus dentatus*Cercis canadensis SiliquastrumChionanthus retusa virginicaCitrus trifoliataCladrastis tinctoriaClematis alpina* montana*Cornus canadensis stoloniferaCoronilla Emerus*Crataegus Azarolus Azarolus Aronia coccinea cordata* Crus-galli Douglasii Oxyacantha* parvifolia Pyracantha tenacetifoliaCytisus albus* albus incarnate* biflorus*Daphne alpina*Deutzia crenata*Epigaea repensFabiana imbricataFraxinus Ornus* MariesiiGaultheria ShallonGenista lusitanica pilosa* prostrata*Halesia parvifloraHalimodendron argenteum*Laburnum Adami*Leiophyllum buxifolium* Leucothoe axillaris CatesbaeiMagnolia acuminata* glauca UmbrellaOstrya carpinifoliaPaeonia MoutanPernettya mucronata*Philadelphus coronariusPieris Mariana* ovalifoliaPiptanthus nepalensisPolygala Chamaebuxus*Prunus Chamaecerasus pennsylvanica virginiana*Pyrus Aria* Aucuparia* coronaria germanica prunifolia sinensis Smithii* torminalisRhododendron arborescens calendulaceum Collettiana ferrugineum* flavum hirsutum* molle ponticum racemosumRibes speciosumRobinia hispida Pseud-Acacia* viscosaRosa spinosissima*Rubus biflorus deliciosus spectabilisSophora tetrapteraSpiraea cantoniensis laevigata trilobataStaphylea pinnata* trifolia*Stuartia pentagyna*Syringa chinensis* Josikaea persica* vulgaris*Vaccinium corymbosum* pennsylvanicumViburnum acerifolium* Lantana* Lentago* nudum* plicatum* prunifolium pyrifolium*Wistaria chinensis* multijuga*Exochorda grandiflora

JUNE. 

Adenocarpus decorticans*Aesculus californica*Andromeda polifoliaBryanthus erectusBuddleia globosa* Lindleyana* paniculata*Calophaca wolgarica*Calycanthus occidentalis*Carpenteria californicaCastanea salivaCatalpa speciosaCeanothus azureus*Choisya ternata*Cistus crispus* ladaniferus laurifolius* monspeliensis* purpureus* salvifolius*Clematis lanuginosa* patens* Viorna ViticellaColutea arborescens* cruenta*Cornus circinata macrophyllaCrataegus nigra*Cytisus decumbens nigricansDaboecia polifoliaDiervilla floribunda* grandiflora*Escallonia macrantha*Fuchsia Riccartoni*Genista aetnensis* saggitalisHelianthemum halimifolium* lasianthum lavendulaefolium*Helianthemum pilosum* polifolium* umbellatum*Hypericum calycinum* patulum*Itea virginicaJamesia americanaJasminum revolutum*Kalmia angustifolia latifolia*Kerria japonica*Laburnum alpinum caramanicumLigustrum japonicum lucidum* ovalitolium* sinense*Liriodendron tulipifera*Lyonia paniculataMagnolia macrophyllaMyricaria germanica*Myrtus communis*Neillia opulifoliaOlearia macrodontaOxydendrum arboreum*Philadelphus grandiflorus hirsutus inodorus Lewisi microphyllus*Phlomis fruticosaPlagianthus pulchellus*Potentilla fruticosaPrunus lusitanicaRhododendron californicum campylocarpum chrysanthumRhus Cotinus*Robinia dubia*Rosa alba* centifolia* damascena* gallica* lutea rubiginosa rugosa sempervirens*Rubus arcticus laciniatus* odoratus*Sambucus nigraSpiraea bullata* cana* chamaedrifolia* decumbens* hypericifolia* japonica* media*Staphylea colchicaStuartia Pseudo-Camellia*Syringa japonica*Tecoma radicans*Tilia vulgaris*Veronica pinquifolia Traversii*Viburnum dahuricum* dentatum macrocephalum Opulus*Yucca filamentosaZenobia speciosa*

JULY. 

Aesculus parviflora*Berberis FortuneiCeanothus americanus*Clematis Flammula* Vitalba*Cornus alba alternifolia tartaricaEscallonia floribunda Phillipiana* pterocladon rubra*Eucryphia pinnatifolia*Fuchsia macrostema globosa*Genista anxanctica* cinerea germanica hispanica* radiata* tinctoria*Gordonia lasianthus*Hydrangea hortensis*Hypericum elatum fasciculatum hircinum* prolificum* uralum*Jasminum fruticans* humile*Kalmia hirsuta*Ligustrum Ibota* Quihoi*Lonicera Xylosteum*Periploca graeca*Philadelphus Gordonianus satzumiPhotinia arbutifoliaPlagianthus LyalliPhiladelphus LemoineiRhododendron catawbiense maximum viscosumRosa bracteata hemisphaericaSpartium junceum*Spiraea bella* discolor ariaefoliaSpiraea salicifolia* sorbifolia* tomentosaTamarix gallica* parviflora*Tilia petiolaris*Wistaria japonica*Yucca gloriosaZauschneria californica

AUGUST. 

Abelia chinensis*Calluna vulgaris*Catalpa bignonioidesClerodendron foetidumErica cinerea*Escallonia illinitaGordonia pubescensHedysarum multijugumHibiscus syriacus*Hypericum oblongifoliumLeycesteria formosa*Loropetalum chinense*Magnolia grandiflora*Nesaea salicifolia*Passiflora caerulea*Rubus nutkanusSophora japonica*Spiraea Douglasii LindleyanaVitex Agnus-castus

SEPTEMBER. 

Arbutus Unedo*Baccharis halimifoliaClerodendron trichotomumClethra acuminata* alnifoliaDaphne Cneorum*Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora*Olearia Haastii GunnianaPhotinia japonicaMicroglossa albescens*Tecoma grandiflora*

OCTOBER. 

Berberidopsis corallinaBerberris nervosa*Caryopteris MastacanthusHamamelis virginica*Lespedeza bicolor

NOVEMBER. 

Azara microphyllaCassinia fulvidaChimonanthus fragrans*Jasminum nudiflorum*

DECEMBER. 

Chimonanthus fragrans*Lardizabala biternataViburnum Tinus*

INDEX. 

_Synonymous names are printed in italics_. 

Aaron's Beard, Abelia chinensis, _rupestris_, triflora, Adenocarpus _Boissieri_, decorticans, Aesculus californica, chinensis, flava, flava discolor, glabra, Hippocastanum, Pavia, Pavia atrosanguinea, Pavia humilis, Pavia macrocarpa, Pavia Whitleyana, parviflora, _rubicunda_, Ailanthus _flavescens_, glandulosa, Akebia quinata, Alabama Snow Wreath, Alder, the berry bearingAlexandrian Laurel, Almond, Abbé David's common, _Aloysia citriodora_, _Aloysia_. See LippiaAlpine Rose, _Althaea frutex_, Amelanchier alnifolia, canadensis, vulgaris, American Great Laurel, American Withe Rod, _Ammyrsine buxifoiia_, Amoor Yellow Wood, Amorpha canescens, fruticosa, _Amygdatus communis_, _dulcis_, _Besseriana_, _Boissieri_, _Lindleyi_, _nana_, _persica flore-pleno_, _Amygdalus_. See Prunus, Andromeda _arborea_, _axillaris_, _calyculata_, _cassinaefolia_, _Catesbaei_, _fastigiata_, _floribunda_, _globulifera_, _japonica_, _Mariana ovalis_, _ovalifolia_, _pilifera_, polifolia, _recurva_, _speciosa_, _tetragona_, Angelica tree, Aralia _japonica_, mandshurica, _Sieboldii_, spinosa, Aralia. See Fatsia, Arbutus Andrachne, Menziesii, Milleri, _mucronata_, photiniaefolia, _procera_, Rollisoni, serratifolia, Unedo, Unedo Croomei, Arctostaphylos alpina, Uva-ursi, Aristolochio Sipho, Aronia Thorn, Arrowwood, Asimina triloba, _Aster albescens_, _cabulicus_, _Atragene alpina_, Azalea _arborescens_, _calendulacea_, _ledifolia_, _mollis_, _occidentalis_, _pontica_, _viscosa_, _Azalea_. See Rhododendron, Azaleas, Ghent, Azara microphylla, integrifolia, lanceolata, serrata, Baccharis halimifolia, patagonica, Band plant, Bastard Acacia, Bastard Box, _Baptisia nepalensis_, Beach or Sand Plum, Bearberry, Beef Suet tree, _Benthamia fragifera_, _japonica_, _Benthamia_. See Cornus, Berberidopsis corallina, Berberis Aquifolium, Aquifolium repens, aristata, Bealei, buxifolia, congestiflora, Darwinii, _dulcis_, empetrifolia, Fortunei, gracilis, ilicifolia, japonica, Berberis _microphylla_, nepalensis, nervosa, pinnata, sinensis, stenophylla, trifoliolata, trifurca, vulgaris, Wallichiana, Berchemia volubilis, Bignonia capreolata, grandiflora, radicans, Bignonia. See Tecoma, Billardiera longiflora, Billberry, Birchberry, Bird Cherry, Bitter Sweet, Bladder Senna, Blue Apple berry, Blueberry, Bog Myrtle, Bour tree, Box, flowering, Box Thorn, Bow-wood, _Bridgesia spicata_, _Bridgesia_. See Ercilla, Bryanthus erectus, empetriforrnis, Buckeye, the, Buckthorn, common, Buddleia _crispa_, globosa, Lindleyana, paniculata, Bupleurum fruticosum, Butcher's Broom, Caesalpinia _japonica_, sepiaria, Calico bush, Californian or Western Allspice, Californian Fuchsia, Calluna vulgaris, Calophaca wolgarica, Calycanthus floridus, occidentalis, Canada Tea, Caragana _Altagana_, arborescens, frutescens, microphylla, spinosa, Cardiandra alternifolia, Carolina Allspice, Carpenteria californica, Caryopteris Mastacanthus, Casandra calyculata, Cassinia fulvida, Cassiope fastigiata, tetragona, Castanea sativa, _vesca_, _vulgaris_, Catalpa bignonioides, Bungei, Kaempferi, speciosa, Cat Whim, Ceanothus americanus, azureus, cuneatus, dentatus, pappilosus, rigidus, _verrucosus_, Cedrela sinensis, Celustrus scandens, Celtis australis, occidentalis, Cerasus _Caproniana multiplex_, _Chamaecerasus_, _ilicifolius_, _Juliana_, _Launesiana_, _Laurocerasus_, _lusitanica_, _Mahaleb_, _Padus_, _Pseudocerasus_, _ranunculiflora_, _semperflorens_, serrulata flore-pleno, Sieboldii, _virginiana_, _vulgaris_, _Cerasus_. See Prunus, Cercis canadensis, Siliquastrum, Chaste tree, Cherry, Bastard, common, ground, Laurel, St. Julian's, Chimonanthus fragrans, Chinese Akebia, Chinese Pear tree, Quince, Chionanthus retusa, virginica, Choisya ternata, Christ's Thorn, Cistus crispus, _formosus_, ladaniferus, _laevipes_, laurifolius, monspeliensis, purpureus, salvifolius, _Citharexylum cyanocarpum_, _Citharexylum_. See Rhapithamnus, Citrus trifoliata, Cladrastis amurensis, tinctoria, _lutea_, Clammy Azalea, Clammy Locust, Clematis alpina, _austriaca_, _azurea grandiflora_, _cirrhosa_, _caerulea_, Flammula, florida, _Fortunei_, graveolens, lanuginosa, montana, patens, _sibirica_, Viorna, Vitalba, Williamsii, Clerodendron foetidum, trichotomum, Clethra acuminata, alnifolia, Climbing Berchemia, Climbing Waxwork, Cockspur Thorn, Cocculus carolinus, laurifolius, Colchican Bladder Nut, Colletia _bictonensis_, cruciata, _serratifolia_, spinosa, Colutea arborescens, cruenta, _orientalis_, _sanguinea_, _Comptonia asplenifolia_, _Comptonia_. See Myrica, Constantinople Hazel, Coral Barberry, Coral Berry, _Corchorus japonicus_, Coriaria myrtifolia, Cornel, the, Cornelian Cherry, Corokia Cotoneaster, Coronilla Emerus, Cernus alba, alternifolia, amomum, asperifolia, Baileyi, _brachypoda_, californica, canadensis, candidissima, capitata, circinata, florida, Kousa, macrophylla, Mas, Nuttalii, officinalis, _paniculata_, _pubescens_, _sericea_, stolonifera, tartarica, _sibirica_, Corylopsis Himalayana, pauciflora, spicata, Corylus Avellana purpurea, Colurna, Cotoneaster bacillaris, frigida, microphylla, Simonsii, Cowberry, Crataegus _arbutifolia_, Azarolus, Azarolus Aronia, _Celsiana_, coccinea, coccinea macrantha, cordata, Crus-galli, Douglasii, _glabra_, nigra, Oxyacantha, parvifolia, Pyracantha, tanacetifolia, Cucumber tree, Currants, flowering, _Cydonia chinensis_, _japonica_, Cytisus _Adami_, albus, albus incarnatus, _alpinus_, biflorus, decumbens, Cytisus _elongatus_, _incarnatus_, _Laburnum_, nigricans, purpureus, scoparius, Daboecia polifolia, Danae Laurus, _racemosa_, Daphne alpina, altaica, Blagayana, Championi, Cneorum, _collina_, Fioniana, _Fortunei_, Genkwa, Laureola, Mezereum, petraea, pontica, _rupestris_, sericea, Daphniphyllum glaucescens, Date Plum, the, Desfontainea spinosa, _Desmodium penduliftorum_, _Desmodium_. See Lespedeza, Deutzia crenata, _Fortunei_, gracilis, _scabra_, Diervilla _amabilis_, floribunda, grandiflora, _multiflora_, rosea, _Dimorphanthus mandshuricus_, _Dimorphanthus_. See Aralia, Diospyros Kaki costata, lotus, virginiana, _Diplopappus chrysophyllus_, _Diplopappus_. See Cassinia, Dirca palustris, Discaria longispina, serratifolia, Dockmackie, Dogwood, Drimys aromatica, Winteri, Dutchman's Pipe, Elaeagnus argentea, _crispa_, _edulis_, glabra, longipes, macrophylla, _reflexus_, rotundifolia, Elder, Californian, Scarlet berried, Embothrium coccineum, Ephedra _monastachya_, vulgaris, Epigaea repens, Ercilla spicata, Erica carnea, ciliaris, cineria, erecta, mediterranea, scoparia, Tetralix, vagans, _vulgaris_, _Eriobotrya japonica_, _Eriobotrya_. See Photinia, Etna Broom, Eucryphia pinnatifolia, _Eugenia apiculata_, _Luma_, _Ugni_, Euonymus americana, europaeus, fimbriatus, latifolius, _Eurybia Gunniana_, Evergreen Laburnum, Escallonia floribunda, illinita, macrantha, _montevidensis_, Phillipiana, pterocladon, rubra, Exochorda grandiflora, Fabiana imbricata, False Acacia, Fatsia japonica, Fendlera rupicola, Fiery Thorn, Fire Bush, _Flacourtia japonica_, Florida Dogwood, Forsythia _Fortunei_, _Sieboldii_, suspensa, viridissima, Fothergilla alnifolia, Fraxinus _argentea_, Ornus, Ornus serotina alba, Ornus serotina violacea, Mariesii, Fremontia californica, Fuchsia _globosa_, macrostemma globosa, Riccartoni, Garland Flower, Garrya elliptica, Gaultheria _nummulariae_, nummularioides, procumbens, _repens_, Shallon, Genista aetnensis, anxantica, capitata, cinerea, daurica, _elatior_, ephedroides, germanica, hispanica, lusitanica, monosperma, pilosa, prostrata, radiata, _ramosissima_, sagittalis, tinctoria, tinctoria elatior, triangularis, _triquetra_, Gleditschia triacanthos, triacanthos pendula, sinensis, _horrida_, _Glycine chinensis_, _frutescens_, _sinensis_, Gordonia Lasianthus, pubescens, Grabowskia boerhaaviaefolia, Griselinia littoralis, Ground Cistus, Ground Laurel, Groundsel Tree, Guelder Rose, Gum Cistus, Gymnocladus canadensis, chinensis, Hagberry, Halesia diptera, hispida, parviflora, _reticulata_, tetraptera, Halimodendron argenteum, Hamamelis japonica, japonica arborea, japonica Zuccariniana, virginica, Hare's Ear, Hawthorn, the, Hazel, the, Heather, the Common, Hedysarum multijugum, _Heimia salicifolia_, _Heimia_. See Nesaea, Helianthemum _formosum_, halimifolium, laevipes, lasianthum, lavendulaefolium, libanotis, pilosum, polifolium, _pulverulentum_, _serpyllifolium_, umbellatum, vulgare, vulgare nummularium, vulgare barbatum, vulgare mutabile, vulgare grandiflorum, vulgare ovalifolium, vulgare hysopifolium, Hemp Tree, Hippophae rhamnoides, Holboellia latifolia, Holly, the, Honey Locust, Honeysuckles, Hop tree, Hornbeam, Horse Chestnut, _Hortensia opuloides_, Humming Bird's Trumpet, Hybiscus syriacus, syriacus vars. , Hydrangea arborescens, hortensis, hortensis vars. , quercifolia, scandens, paniculata, paniculata grandiflora, Hydrangea, climbing, Hymenanthera crassifolia, Hypericum Androsaemum, aureum, calycinum, elatum, hircinum, Moserianum, oblongifolium, _Hookerianum_, _nepalensis_, prolificum, uralum, Idesia polycarpa, Ilex Aquifolium, Aquifolium vars. , opaca, Illicium anisatum, floridanum, _religiosum_, Indian Azalea, Indigofera Dosua, _floribunda_, Gerardiana, Itea virginica, Jamesia americana, Japanese Storax, Japan Medlar, or Quince, Jasminum fruticans, humile, nudiflorum, officinale, pubigerum glabrum, revolutum, Wallichianum, Jerusalem Sage, Job's Tears, Judas tree, June Berry, the, Kadsura japonica, Kalmia angustifolia, glauca, hirsuta, latifolia, latifolia vars. , Kentucky Coffee Tree, Kerria japonica, Koelreuteria paniculata, Labrador Tea, Laburnum Adami, alpinum, caramanicum, vulgare, Lady's Bower, Lapageria rosea, Lardizabala biternata, Laurel, Alexandrian, American Great, Cherry, Ground, Mountain, Portugal, Sheep, Spurge, Laurustinus, Lavender, common, Lavandula _Spica_, vera, Lavatera arborea, Leather Wood, Ledum _buxifolium_, _groenlandicum_, latifolium, palustre, Leiophyllum buxifolium, _thymifolia_, Lemon Scented Verbena, Lespedeza bicolor, Leucothoe axillaris, Catesbaei, Davisiae, floribunda, recurva, Leycesteria formosa, _Ligustrina amurensis_, Ligustrum _amurense_, _californicum_, _glabrum_, Ibota, _Ibota villosum_, japonicum, Ligustrum _Kellermanni_ lucidum, magnoliaefolium, ovalifolium, _Sieboldii_, sinense, _strictum_, _villosum_, vulgare, Lily, the Mound, _Limonia Laureola_, Linden Tree, Ling, the common, Linnaea borealis, Lippia citriodora, Liriodendron tulipifera, Loblolly Bay, Locust, common, Lonicera _brachypoda_, Caprifolium, flexuosa, fragrantissima, Periclymenum, sempervirens, Standishii, tatarica, Xylosteum, Loquat, the, Loropetalum chinense, Lycium barbarum, europaeum, Lyonia _ligustrina_, paniculata, Maclura aurantiaca, Mahaleb, or Perfumed Cherry, _Mahonia Aquifolium_, _Bealei_, _facicularis_, _Fortunei_, _glumacea_, _gracilis_, _Hookeri_, _japonica_, _nepalensis_, _Neumanii_, _repens_, _trifoliolata_, _trifurca_, Magnolia acuminata, _auriculata_, Campbelii, conspicua, conspicua Alexandrina, conspicua Soulangeana, conspicua Soulangeana nigra, conspicua Soulangeana Norbertii, conspicua Soulangeana speciosa, cordata, Fraseri, glauca, grandiflora, _Halleana_, Lennei, macrophylla, obovata discolor, parviflora, _purpurea_, stellata, _tripetala_, Umbrella, _Yulan_, _Malachodendron ovatum_, Mallow, Syrian, Mallow tree, _Malus microcarpa floribunda_, Manna Ash, Marsh Ledum, Mayflower, New England, Medicago arborea, Medlar, common, Menispermum canadense, _Menziesia_. See Daboecia; Phylodoce; and Lyonia, _Menziesia caerulea_, _empetrifolia_, _globularis_, _polifolia_, _Mespilus arbutifolia_, _germanica_, _grandiflora_, _Smithii_, Mexican Orange Flower, Mezereon, the, Microglossa albescens, Mitchella repens, Mitraria coccinea, Mitre pod, scarlet, Mock Orange, Monk's Pepper-tree, Moonseed, Mountain Ash, Mountain Laurel, Moutan Paeony, Myrica asplenifolia, californica, cerifera, Gale, Myricaria germanica, Myrobalan Plum, Myrtle, Bog, Common, Californian Wax, Common Candle-berry, Sand, Myrtus communis, Luma, Ugni, Neillia opulifolia, thyrsiflora, Nepaul White Beam, Nesaea salicifolia, Neviusa alabamensis, New Jersey Tea, Nine Bark, Nuttalia cerasiformis, Old Man's beard, Olearia _dentata_, Forsterii, Gunniana, Haastii, macrodonta, Ononis arvensis, Orange Ball tree, _Ornus europea_, Osage Orange, Osmanthus Aquifolium ilicifolius, Aquifolium illicifolius myrtifolius, Osoberry, Ostrya carpinifolia, virginica, _vulgaris_, Oxydendrum arboreum, Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius, Paeonia Moutan, Pagoda-tree, Chinese, Paliurus aculeatus, _australis_, Papaw, the Virginian, Parrotia persica, Partridge Berry, Passiflora caerulea, Paulownia imperialis, _Pavia californica_, _discolor_, _flava_, _humilis_, _Pavia macrocarpa_, _macrostachya_, _rubra_, _Pavia_, See Aesculus, Pepper-plant, Tasmanian, Pepper-tree, Periploca graeca, Periwinkles, Pernettya mucronata, Persimmon, the, Philadelphus coronarius, _chinensis_, _floribundus_, Gordonianus, grandiflorus, hirsutus, inodorus, _latifolius_, Lemoinei, Lewisii, mexicanus, microphyllus, satzumi, _speciosus_, triflorus, Phillyrea angustifolia, _decora_, latifolia, _laurifolia_, _ligustrifolia_, media, _neapolitana_, _obliqua_, _oleaefolia_, _rosmarinifolia_, Vilmoriniana, Phlomis fruticosa, Photinia arbutifolia, Benthumiana, japonica, serrulata, Phyllodoce taxifolia, _caerulea_, Pieris floribunda, japonica, Mariana, ovalifolia, Pipe tree, Piptanthus nepalensis, Pittosporum Tobira, undulatum, Plagianthus Lyalli, Lampeni, pulohellus, _Planera acuminata_, _crenata_, 134 _Richardi_, _Planera_, See Zelkova, Poison Elder, Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Vine, _Polycarpa Maximowiczii_, Pomegranate, Pontic Daphne, Portugal Laurel, Potato tree, Potentilla fruticosa, Prickly Ivy, Privets, _Prunopsis Lindleyi_, Prunus Amygdalus, Amygdalus dulcis, Avium Juliana, Boissieri, cerasifera, cerasifera Pissardii, Cerasus, Prunus Chamaecerasus, Davidiana, divaricata, domestica, ilicifolia, Launesiana, Laurocerasus, lusitanica, Mahaleb, maritima, _Myrobalana_, nana, Padus, paniculata flore-pleno, pennsylvanica, Persica flore-pleno, _Pissardii_, _Pseudo-cerasus_, Puddum, serotina, sinensis, spinosa, tomentosa, triloba, virginiana, _virgata_, Ptelea trifoliata, _Pterpstyrax hispidum_, Punica Granatum, Purple Broom, Purple Hazel, Pyrus amygdaliformis. , Aria, Aucuparia, americana, angustifolia, baccata, Bollwylleriana, coronaria, domestica, floribunda, germanica, japonica, prunifolia, _Malus floribunda_, rivularis, salvaefolia, salicifolia, _sinensis of Lindley_, sinensis, sinica, Smithii, torminalis, vestita, Quince, Japanese, Chinese, Rabbit berry, Red Osier Dogwood, Restharrow, Rhamnus Alaternus, alpinus, catharticus, Frangula, Rhaphiolepis japonica integerrima, _ovata_Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus, Rhododendron _aeruginosum_, arborescens, arboreum, argenteum, Aucklandii, barbatum, calendulaceum, californicum, campanulatum, Campbelli, campylocarpum, catawbiense, Rhododendron _Chamaecistus_, chrysanthum, ciliatum, cinnabarinum, Collettianum, dahuricum, eximium, Falconeri, ferrugineum, flavuni, Fortunei, glaucum, hirsutum, Hodgsoni, indicum, lanatum, ledifolium, maximum, molle, niveum, occidentale, parvifolium, ponticum, ponticum azaleoides, _ponticum deciduum_, racemosum, Rhodora, Roylei, Smirnowii, Thompsoni, Ungernii, viscosum, Wallichii, Wilsoni, Rhododendrons, hardy hybrid, Rhodora canadensis, Rhodothamnus Chamaecistus, Rhodotypos Kerrioides, Rhus caroliniana, _coccinea_, Cotinus, _elegans_, glabra, _sanguinea_, succedanea, Toxicodendron, typhina, venenata, _vernix_, Ribes alpinum pumilum aureum, aureum, _Beatonii_, cereum, floridum, Gordonianum, _inebrians_, _Loudonii_, _missouriense_, multiflorum, _pennsylvanicum_, sanguineum, speciosum, Robinia ambigua, dubia, _echinata_, glutinosa, _Halimodendron_, hispida, Pseud-Acacia, viscosa, Rock Abelia, Rock Daphne, Rock Rose, the, Rosa alba, _arvensis_, _bengalensis_, bracteata, canina, Rosa centifolia, damascena, _diversifolia_, _Eglanteria_, ferox, gallica, hemisphaerica, indica, indica minima, indica semperflorens, _Lawrenceana_, lutea, _minima_, _pimpinellifolia_, repens, rugosa, sempervirens, _semperflorens minima_, spinosissima, sulphurea, villosa, Rose Acacia, Rose Bay, Rose of Sharon, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rosemary, common, Rosemary, wild, Rowan-tree, Rubus arcticus, australis, biflorus, deliciosus, fruticosus, laciniatus, nutkanus, odoratus, rosaefolius, spectabilis, Ruscus aculeatus, Hypophyllum, _racemosus_, St. Anthony's Nut, St. Dabeoc's Heath, St. Peter's Wort, Sand Myrtle, Sallow thorn, Salt tree, Sambucus californica, glauca, nigra, racemosa, rosaeflora, Schizandra chinensis, coccinea, Schizophragma hydrangeoides, Scorpion Senna, Sea Buckthorn, Sea Purslane, Service tree, true, Sheepberry, Sheep Laurel, Shepherdia argentea, canadensis, Shrubs for seaside planting, for town planting, Siberian Crab, Siberian Pea tree, _Sida pulchella_, Silk grass, Silver Berry, Skimmia Fortunei, japonica, Laureola, _oblata_, rubella, Smilax aspera, Smoke Plant, Snowberry, Snowdrop Tree, Soap Tree, Solanum crispum, Dulcamara, Sophora japonica, tetraptera, _Sorbus Americana_, _domestica_, Sorrel-tree, Spanish Broom; White, Spanish Chestnut, Sweet, Spartium junceum, _acutifolium_, _aetnensis_, _radiatum_, Spindle tree, Spiraea altaica, _altaicensis_, _ariaefolia_, bella, Blumei, bullata, _callosa_, cana, cantoniensis, ceanothifolia, chamaedrifolia, _confusa_, _crispifolia_, decumbens, discolor ariaefolia, Douglasii, fissa, _flagellata_, _Fortunei_, _grandiflora_, hypericifolia, japonica, laevigata, Lindleyana, media, nana, _oblongifolia_, _opulifolia_, prunifolia, _Reevesiana_, rotundifolia, salicifolia, sorbifolia, Thunbergii, tomentosa, _triloba_, trilobata, umbrosa, Spurge Laurel, Stag's Horn Sumach, Staphylea colchica, pinnata, trifolia, Stauntonia haxaphylla, _latifolia_, Strawberry Tree, Stuartia grandiflora, _marylandica_, pentagyna, pseudo-Camellia, virginica, _Styphnolobium japonicum_, Styrax americana, _japonica_, officinalis, pulverulenta, serrulata virgata, Sumach, Swamp Dogwood, Swamp Honeysuckle, Sweet Amber, Sweet Fern, Sweet Gale, Sweet Viburnum, _Symphoria racemosus_, Symphoricarpus occidentalis, racemosus, vulgaris, Syrian Mallow, Syringa chinensis, _dubia_, _rothomagensis_, Emodi, japonica, _amurensis_, Josikaea, persica, vulgaris, Symplocos japonica, tinctoria, Tamarix gallica, _africana_, parviflora, tetrandra, Tam Furze, Tansy-leaved Thorn, _Tasmania aromatica_, Tea, Labrador, Tea tree, Tecoma grandiflora, radicans, Thyrsanthus frutescens, Tilia _europea_, _intermedia_, vulgaris, Tree Mallow, Tree of Heaven, Trees for seaside planting, for town planting, Trumpet Flower, Tulip tree, Tutsan, the, Ulex europaeus, nanus, Vaccinium corymbosum, Myrtillus, pennsylvanicum, Vitis-Idea, Veronica pinquifolia, Travereii, Vinca major, minor, Vinegar tree, Venetian Sumach, Verbena, Lemon-scented, _Verbena triphylla_, Viburnum acerifolium, Awafukii, Viburnum daburicum, dentatum, _Fortunei_, laevigatum, Lantana, Lentago, macrocephalum, nudum, Opulus, pauciflorum, plicatum, prunifolium, pyrifolium, reticulatum, Tinus, _Virgilia lutea_, _Virgilia_. See Cladrastis, Virgin's Bower, Vitex Agnas-castus, Vitis heterophylla humulifolia, Wayfaring tree, _Weigelia_. See Diervilla, _Weigelia amabilis_, _floribunda_, _rosea_, White Bean tree, White Kerria, Whortlebury, Wig tree, Wild Rosemary, _Wintera aromatica_, Winter Flower, Winter's Bark, Wistaria chinensis, frutescens, japonica, multijuga, _sinensis_, Witch Hazel, the, Wolf Berry, Woody Nightshade, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Xanthoriza apiifolia, _Xylosteum dumetorum_, Yellow root, Yellow wood, Yucca filamentosa, gloriosa, Yulan, the, Zauschneria californica, Zenobia speciosa, Zelkova acuminata, crenata, cretica, _japonica_. 

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A smaller tree than the preceding, and one of the finest lawn treesever introduced. It has a handsome deciduous foliage; the leaves are ofovate-oblong shape, rather sharply pointed, and from five to six incheslong. The flowers, which are freely produced, are smaller than those of_M. Hypoleuca_ and with more oval segments, of which the outer threeare light purplish pink, and the inner three milk-white. 

An excellent coloured plate of this species is published in _TheGarden_ of December 8th, 1883, page 508. 

Magnolia Watsonii. 

A very fine Magnolia, resembling the preceding in habit and foliage, but in its flowers approaching nearer to _M. Hypoleuca_. These are fromfive to six inches in diameter, cream colour on the inside, andexhaling a pleasant perfume like that of Calycanthus. The broad ring ofincumbent yellow stamens, with blood-red filaments, is a conspicuousornament of the expanded flower. 

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Hardy Ornamental Flowering Trees and Shrubs, By A. D. Webster. A valuable guide to planters of beautiful trees andshrubs for the adornment of parks and gardens. Second and cheaperedition. _Price 2s. ; post free, 2s. 3d_. 

The Tuberous Begonia: Its History and Cultivation. Second Edition, with list of best varieties to 1897. The best and mostcomprehensive work on this grand "Flower of the Future. " Twenty-fiveIllustrations. _Price, 1s. ; by post, 1s. 3d_. 

The Amateur Orchid Grower's Guide Book, By H. A. Burberry (Orchid Grower to the Rt. Hon. J. Chamberlain, M. P. ). Second Edition, with coloured plates. Containing sound, practicalinformation, and advice for Amateurs, giving a List with CulturalDescriptions of those most suitable for Cool-house, Intermediate-house, and Warm-house Culture, together with a Calendar of Operations andTreatment for each Month of the Year. In Cloth. _Price 5s. ; post free, 5s. 3d_. 

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