[Transcriber’s Note: This e-text includes a few Greek and Hebrew letters: ayin ע, dalet ד, he ה, shin ש; gamma Γ γ, theta Θ θ If these letters do not display properly, or if the quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. As a last resort, use the latin-1 version of this file instead. In the printed text, the author’s special letters were represented by ordinary roman letters turned upside-down. They are shown in this e-text by single letters in [brackets]. Alternative readings of selected passages are given at the end of the text, before the list of errata. Single italicized letters within a word are shown in {braces}. The word “Taurus” (astrological symbol ♉) refers to the “ou” ligature (ȣ, or upsilon balanced atop omicron) used in printed Greek. ] THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY G. W. MAGAZINE, or Animadversions on the English Spelling (1703) Introduction by David Abercrombie Publication Number 70 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California 1958 * * * * * GENERAL EDITORS RICHARD C. BOYS, University of MichiganRALPH COHEN, University of California, Los AngelesVINTON A. DEARING, University of California, Los AngelesLAWRENCE CLARK POWELL, Clark Memorial Library ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, University of Michigan ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, State College of WashingtonBENJAMIN BOYCE, Duke UniversityLOUIS BREDVOLD, University of MichiganJOHN BUTT, King’s College, University of DurhamJAMES L. CLIFFORD, Columbia UniversityARTHUR FRIEDMAN, University of ChicagoLOUIS A. LANDA, Princeton UniversitySAMUEL H. MONK, University of MinnesotaERNEST C. MOSSNER, University of TexasJAMES SUTHERLAND, University College, LondonH. T. SWEDENBERG, JR. , University of California, Los Angeles CORRESPONDING SECRETARY EDNA C. DAVIS, Clark Memorial Library * * * * * INTRODUCTION I first came across what is, as far as I know, the unique copy of_Magazine_, by G. W. , when working in the library formed by the late SirIsaac Pitman. [1] It is bound up as the last item in a volume whichcontains several nineteenth-century pamphlets on language and spelling, and also the first numbers of the periodical _The Phonetic Friend_. (Thevolume was for a time in the possession of the Bath City Free Library, to which it was presented by Isaac Pitman; it must subsequently havebeen returned to him. ) I drew attention to the existence of _Magazine_in an article published in 1937;[2] to the best of my knowledge it hadnot been noticed in print before that, though it is of considerableinterest in a number of respects. I am indebted to Sir Isaac Pitman &Sons Ltd. , London, for permission to reproduce the pamphlet herewith inthe Augustan Reprints. G. W. Was a spelling reformer, one of the many writers who, from earlyElizabethan times onwards, have been critical of traditional Englishorthography and have made proposals for improving it. Although nothingthat could be called a spelling-reform “movement” existed until thenineteenth century, there were earlier periods when the subject was muchin the air, when a number of people were writing about it and readingand discussing each other's ideas. The publication of _Magazine_ doesnot fall at one of these times; it comes, in fact, in the very middleof a recession of interest in spelling reform which lasted almosta hundred years. From about 1650 to 1750 there were few critics ofour orthography, and they were usually neither very strong in theircriticisms nor radical in their proposals for amendment. G. W. Is thus asomewhat isolated figure, and his scheme for reform would appear, in itsdetails at least, to be fairly original. The greater part of the pamphlet is given over to expounding theillogicalities and inconsistencies of the established spelling, and hereG. W. 's style of writing, which is colloquial, racy and allusive, iseffective enough. It is not so well suited, however, to orderly andclear exposition of his proposed amendment--unfortunately, since thisis what is likely to be of most interest to us today (and numerousmisprints increase the difficulties of grasping his proposals). Perhapsthere was, or was to have been, a sequel which would have stated hisreforms more systematically; that this may have been the case appearsfrom the statement on p. 25 that the alphabet “is preparing, ” andfrom the mention, on the last page, of “the ensuing Batl-dur” (i. E. Battledore or hornbook). His remedy, briefly, is to replace digraphs bynew symbols: “more Letters would do well in the Alfabet, but fewer inmost words” (p. 25); and, like John Hart before him (whose works perhapshe knew) and Bernard Shaw after, he draws attention to the economies tobe gained from this: “if fewer Letters will serve the turn, 'twill savePaper and Ink, and 'tis strange, if not labour too” (p. 5). On p. 32 is exhibited “a compleat Alfebet” of 34 symbols (it is notcomplete, for L has, apparently inadvertently, been omitted). Althoughthere is no indication there of the value each symbol should have, thatof most of them can be worked out, with some labor, from the rest of thepamphlet (though a few must probably remain mysteries). I have commentedelsewhere[3] on this scheme of reformed spelling; it appears to us todayto be theoretically quite creditable, at least as far as the consonantsare concerned. The traditional alphabet is enlarged by providing aseparate symbol for the italicized sounds in each of the followingwords: {th}in {th}en {ch}urch {j}udge {sh}all mea{s}ure {wh}en si{ng};these symbols are obtained partly by creating new ones, partly byredefining existing letters. In two cases existing letters are redefinedin accordance with a rather odd principle--that the traditional _name_of a letter must decide its value. Hence _h_ is used to spell _church_(which becomes “hurh”), and _g_ is used to spell _judge_ (which becomes“gug”). This of course makes it necessary for G. W. To include among hisnew symbols one for /h/ and one for /g/. The new symbols as used in thepamphlet are produced by inverting or reversing existing letters; butthese may possibly be makeshifts, used in place of more ambitious shapeswhich were beyond the reach of his printer; he suggests, for instance(p. 20) “the sign Taurus with a Foot-Ball between his horns” as oneof his vowel symbols. On the whole, we find the vowels much lesssystematically tackled than the consonants, and it is proposed thataccents (“cambrils”) should for the most part be used to provide extrasymbols; the pamphlet, however, only exemplifies this sporadically. _Magazine_ contains a considerable number of words, and a fewconsecutive texts, transcribed partly or wholly in the new system ofspelling, and these necessarily will have to be assessed as evidence ofcontemporary English pronunciation by students of the subject. It is noteasy to be sure how accurate a phonetic observer and transcriber G. W. Was, but if we make some allowance for misprints, we find a certainconsistency in his transcriptions, and an apparent freedom from any biasgiven by the traditional spelling, which make one think he wasmoderately reliable. In this connexion it is of some importance to findout, if possible, where he came from. He shows familiarity both withnorthern and western types of speech; but although he seems to imply, onp. 7, that he is not a North-countryman, E. J. Dobson has found, on thebasis of certain forms which appear in the pamphlet, that there is astrong suggestion that he spoke a northern dialect. [4] Until recently I had been able to form no idea of the identity of G. W. However, it new seems to be very possible that he was John White, aDevon schoolmaster, and author of _The Country-Man's Conductor inReading and Writing True English_, which was published in Exeter in1701. [5] The name John, in G. W. 's reformed spelling, would of coursebegin with G (it is indeed so spelled on p. 15). White was interested inspelling reform, as we know from various remarks in his book; and if hewas G. W. , it would explain the familiarity shown in _Magazine_ withwestern dialect. What is particularly striking, moreover, is thesimilarity of White's style to G. W. 's, as the following quotations from_The Country-Man's Conductor_ will show: of certain grammarians, “youshall seldom hear them speak Latin but in Ale-Houses, or when they arewell oil'd”; of specimens of early English, “some may laugh at it, andthereby expose their rusty Teeth that will look as old as the English”;of using an accent to show long vowels, “this would look strange 'tillit come in fashion, but in time would set as tite as Topknots do now. ” [Transcriber’s Note: A more recent candidate for “G. W. ” is John Wild. His 1710 broadsheet, “Nottingham Printing Perfected, ” is in the “images” directory associated with the html version of this file. ] One final resemblance must be mentioned. Whether or not White was G. W. , there can hardly be any doubt that _Magazine_ was printed by SamuelFarley of Exeter, the printer of White's book. The typographicalsimilarity between _Magazine_ and _The Country-Man's Conductor_ (andother works printed by Farley) is too complete to be coincidental. Notonly are the identical fonts used, but there are numerous other pointswhere the general manner of printing is the same. Further research may confirm White's authorship, but there is certainlyno other obvious candidate among the writers of the time. David Abercrombie University of Edinburgh NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION [Footnote 1: This library is now housed in the offices of Sir IsaacPitman & Sons, Ltd. , Parker Street, London, W. C. 2. ] [Footnote 2: _Le Maitre Phonetique_, No. 59, p. 34. Some of the verseson p. 22 of the pamphlet are reproduced there. ] [Footnote 3: In the _Transactions of the Philological Society_, 1948, pp. 11 ff. ; _Lingua_, Vol. 2, 1949, p. 60. ] [Footnote 4: _English Pronunciation 1500-1700_, Vol. 1, p. 267. In Vol. II, p. 977, Dobson says “G. W. Was certainly a Northerner. ”] [Footnote 5: A “second edition” called _The Conductor in Spelling, Reading & Writing, True English_, dated 1712, is identical with thefirst except for the title-page. ] * * * * * MAGAZINE, or, Animadversions on the English Spelling; OBSERVING The Contradictions of the English Letters Warring themselves againstthemselves, and one with another, by Intrusions and Usurpations; withAmendment offer’d. For the Benefit of all Teachers and Learners, Writers and Readers, Composers and Scriveners, whether Strangers or Natives, who areconcern’d with our English Tongue. _Nunquam sera est ad bonos mores via. _ Syntax. By G. W. _LONDON_: Printed for the Author. 1703. Price Sixpence. _Magazine, that is low Learning, too high for the Capacity of theVulgar; Or the Schooler School’d. _viz_, _Babel_ pull’d down, andConfusion Confounded. The latter Survey of the English Letters, and waysof Amendment, where things are too much amiss to be excus’d, onlyreferring all to the good will of those that are willing to amend theirperceiv’d mistakes and unwilling to fall into their former Errorsagain. _ Q. Horatij Flacci, Epistolarum Liber secundus. Ad Augustum Epist. I. Paulo post initium. Si meliora dies, ut vina poemata reddit Scire velim: Pretium chartis quotus arrogat annus. Scriptor abhinc annos centum qui decidit, inter Perfectos veteresque, referri debet, an inter Viles atque novos? Excludat jurgia finis. Est vetus atque probus centum qui perficit annos. Quid? Qui deperiit minor uno mense vel anno. Inter quos referendvs erit veteresne poetas. An quos & præsens & postera respuat ætas? Iste quidem veteres, inter ponetur honeste. Qui vel mense brevi vel toto est junior anno. Utor permisso; caudaque pilos ut equina Paulatim vello, & demo unum, demo etiam unum. Dum cadat. ---- _The Second Book of Epistles of _Quintus, Horatius, Flaccus_. The FirstEpistle unto the Emperour _Augustus Cæsar_, in whose days our SaviourChrist was Born. _ Thus English’d. There is a thing I fain would know, As Age doth make Wines better; Whether to Papers it doth so, And what’s Writ on’t with Letter, And what Age gives a Reverence To Papers, I would know: If Authors Credits got by Tense Of Hundred Years or mo? An Ancient currant Author then, And Hundred Years is Old? Or is he of the Slight Gown men, That Writ then as ’tis told? Set down the time that strife may cease: And hundred Years is good, If one Month short, or Year he bears, Doth he slick in the Mud? No, for one Month or Year, we grant, And very honestly too; He shall be counted Ancient Without so much ado. What you do grant, I’m very free To use now at my pleasure: Another Month, or Year, d’ ye see I’ll bate, as I have leasure; So Hair by Hair, from the Mare’s Tail I’ll pull, as well I may. So what is good, is quickly stale, Though Writ but t’ other day. That we make something to discourse upon further, I’ll take an Exampleor two from the two Tables, wherein one Sound is Spell’d diverse ways, and again the same Letters make diverse Sounds. First then, âz, dayes, praise, phrase, gaze. A. Asia, day, fair, wear, heir. E. Phebe, key, the, sea, yea, weigh, either, holy. I. Why, I, high, try, tie, buy. O. Who, know, bow, toe, tow, dough. U. True, dew, Hugh, neuter, give, you, gaol, jaylor, goal, John, gives_dat_; gives _compedes_, gill of fishes, gill of water, ague, plague, anger, and danger, guard, reguard, spring, a well, spring of steele, jet, and ginger, and finger, ghost, god, and Ghurmes, and age, ages, cares. Our Children are not Witches, that they should guess to Read right bythe Letter, such stuff as this, and the Masters are no very greatConjurers, to perceive nothing; what contradictions they make ’emswallow. First then dayes, that is da--yes, why should not yes spell yes at theend, as well as at the beginning of a word: Again, why might we notspell dayes thus, daise as well as praise, and spell praises, prayes, da--i--se: I see day, why not se, see, as well as he, h--? And why notdase, dayes, and phrayes, phrase, or phraise, phrase, and daze, dayes;and why not daze, or dase, daisey, or daisy, hei, daisy: how can Ladiesbe blam’d for Writing bad English, when Scholars spell no better? A, as Asia, why not da; fare and ware; how can one Vowel have another, at command to make it long; a circumflex might do it. But you answer itis our custom, and Books would not be read if we change the spelling;but is there not a right spelling as Ancient as wrong? Is not the asancient as weigh, yea, sea, holy, key. Then ’tis wit to use the properspelling, and leave off impertinencies; and if fewer Letters will servethe turn, ’twill save Paper and Ink, and ’tis strange, if not labourtoo, for Writers; no doubt for Teachers it will. And how many ways do we pronounce you? yo, yau, yeu, yiu, you, yuu, yetevery dialect praise their own Speech, nay in Towns near together, nayin the same Town, nay in the same House, persons born in other places, differ in pronounciation, and many delight to hear different dialects(as the Grecians did) so they did but understand one another, thoughsome precise Females do condemn all but their own finical pronunciation. But why should phrase be spell’d with ph and s, and not f and z? Becauseyou say its Original is a Greek word: But it hath been long enoughfreely us’d amongst us, that it may claim prescription for a Licence toput on the English garb, and suits pretty well with the Original φραζωand hath it not a single f in Greek? So might be frâz, and take with itthe Greek Precispomene, its right. But if we spell praise thus, prayes we alter the sense. Why the Eyes areas much in the dark to distinguish sound, as the Ears are put to silenceat the shape of Letters, and which of these is the fitter judge in thisControversy, to bring knowledge to the Understanding? That is to beobserv’d well: But what’s Learnt in Childhood is uncontroulable, as goodas prescription of an hundred years, and a School-Dames authority isirrefragable, as the Proverb says, _Early crookes the Tree, that willgood Cambrill be_: That to unlearn a Youthful Error, is more than toserve an Apprentiseship, or take the Degree of a Doctor or Serjeant. Forthese are deaf and dumb to Learn the contrary, as the dead Letters theyhave Learn’d, though I am loath to compare them to the English Doctor_Burnet_’s _Antidiluvian People_ pettrify’d in the Alps, which he saw inhis Travails: But in some parts they speak as we spell: Though the Countryman of the_North_ in Apron and Iron, pronounce o after r, and we before it: Whyshould we keep their spelling, having lost their speech, and why shouldthey not still keep their spelling of old, who still keep the speech?’Tis this thought by some of the Learned, that English is the hardestLanguage in the World; for that Foreigners coming over, being pastChildren, never have our speech right, but may be discern’d to be noEnglish born, whereas we after a short abode in out-Lands, speak theirTongue as well as Natives: Our folk being a mixture of many Nations, isso of Languages: But ’tis a wonder, so free as we are to take in theirwords, we take not in their Letters also. The Latines have but TwelveConsonants, and Five Vowels, and h, but the Greek and Hebrew may furnishus with Letters. The Neighbouring Countries are at a loss for them aswell as we. If our credit be good, we want to borrow Two letters of theGreek, _Gama_, and _Theta_, and Four of the Hebrew, _Thaleth_, _He_, _Aim_, and _Shin_, and we should be set up, and with what shift we canmake of our own. In the first place what is the English of _Quotus_? But now my Pen issilenc’d, except I borrow the Two Greek Letters, and _Thaleth_ of theHebrew, and the _Acute_, and Greek _Circumflex_, to tell how Gótham, Gotherd, or gather, is to be red, and which is ment of the 24. Gôtham, [G]ôtham, Gótham, [G]ótham, Gô[t]am, [G]ó[t]am, Gó[t]am, [G]ó[t]am, Gô[c]am, [G]ô[c]am, Gó[c]am, [G]ó[c]am, Gothâm, [G]othâm, Gothâm, [G]othâm, Go[t]âm, [G]o[t]âm, Go[t]ám, [G]o[t]ám, Go[c]âm, [G]o[c]âm, Gothâm, Go[c]âm. [G] is _Gama_, [T] is _Theta_, [D] _Thaleth_; ’tis strange my Tongueshould be longer than my Arms, without eking. ’Tis hard for Dunces tounderstand this as all willful Fools are. Humble humility is better thanthe miserable wisdom of the merciless knowledge of error. Cunningfooleries and vanities unlock’d for, to spell the same sound diverseways, and when you have all done, you are but where you was, as prayes, praise, prasy. For why may not y stand for nothing after s, as well asafter a, as may: But where no reason there is for custom, custom is noreason. Dasye, and dayes is all one. As the fool thinks, so the Bellchinks, for our Letters are like _Wimondes-woles_ Bells. Sure if we havethese tricks, we have more. Why if y doth no good, it doth nothing. ButI have a mind it shall stand an out-side there out of the way, as daisy, is dayes. Doth (GO{D}) spell the Creator, it spells an Hebrew Letter aswell. If you hold your book the wrong end upward. I’ve nothing to sayagainst it, for ’tis your own, and you may hold it as you please. But to go on according to Prescript. 2. Whether or no are our 24 Letters sufficient to spell all the words ofour English Tongue. 3. Whether or no if they be sufficient to spell all words us’d forEnglish in our books, they be not sufficient to spell all Languages; if_England_ be like _Rome_, Conquering all Nations, took in the Idola[t]ryof all Laws, so _England_ being Conquer’d by all, hath not got therubish of all Languages. 4. Whether or no we make good and proper use of those Letters we have. 5. Whether the old use and custom of the Letters for an hundred Years ormore, be sufficient for justifying the mispelling most words, us’d tothis day, or whether we had not better mend late than never. Hereupon we argue. First, It is granted that we have not yet properEnglish for all words in other Languages, nor Letters sufficient toexpress our own; as Authors from time to time do justifie, who have binso little taken notice of by the publick (though there is some smallamendment made, that can scarce be perceiv’d). The latter Authorsmentioning the former, all Men of no small Note. Secondly, There was as good reason for amendment an Hundred Years ago, as there is now, and will be as good reason an Hundred years hence todelay the amendment, as their is now; not altering a tittle of the knownPronounciation of the words, but only of the spelling. That the Lettersmay be of good use, and we need not to Read all by authority, as thevery Learned Men are forc’d to do in yet unknown words still; so littleassistance do the Letters yield them, that they the more might pittyyoung beginners. Which thing hath made a many Foreigners (and no marvelat all) of all the Neighbouring Nations to throw away their Books andStudy of English, as their English Grammars, as well as our own, dosufficiently declare. Thus to maintain a thing always unreasonable, will always be (as it hathbin) a thing unreasonable and after this rate an error everlasting. But it is answer’d, that many words be thus Spell’d to shew theirderivations. That need not be objected, when Scholars can find out theEtymologyes, when scarce one Letter remains of their Original, more thanJames from Jacob, Thaddæus and Lebbæus, from Jude the honest, or Judas, not Iscareat, and Didymus from Thomas, Giles, Ægidius. As for changingthe Letters, I shall hope they will put the devines in; I fear not thatthey can put the Lawyers out. What advantage or disadvantage it may be to Booksellers or Printers, asnone of my business, I leave to their consideration. But now to strike at the root of so many errors begotten by falseLetters, besides a false finical speech according to the Letters, beingilleterately litterate, as calf, haut, goust. _The Second Part of low Learning high. _ The Order. 1. Vowels, 2. Diphthongs, 3. Consonants. A is us’d 7 ways, and other Vowels so; When thus, or so, it doth amaze, we have no mark to know. First, A long in Chamber changed danger commanded. Secondly, Short inAmber hang’d Anger, Understanding. Now suppose Rennard the Fox, or the like old book, was Reprinted, and âlong Cambril’d, (which the Greeks call _Perispomene_) and a short not, would not that be a good guide for reading old Rennard unreprinted, witha right pronounciation, though there be no difference in a long orshort. Next, if it would please the wisdom of foolish custom (in whose errorsof this kind (though in nothing else) all Religions meet) being longenough advis’d in time, to think fit to amend in the Copy, or at leastin the Margin, where words are far otherwise spell’d, than they arepronounc’d (which the Hebrews call Kery and Kethiu; the Copy as written, but Kery the Margin as read, mark’d with Asterisk, one to the other) Ibelieve our Printers could as easily Cambril our English Vowels, asCircumflex the Latin, which would be a sure guide for reading. [Transcriber’s Note: The Hebrew terms are usually written קרי (Keri) and כתיב (Kethiv). ] 3dly and 4thly, A short without either rule or reason before a Consonantor two, with e after, as ace, acre, able, unstable, father, with A long, and solace, massacre, constable, gather, with A short. 5thly, A put for A Cambril to make e or o long, as bear, greater, broad, board. 6thly, Put like a Cambril, and is not a Cambril, neither, asBeatrice, create, creatour: So is i a false Cambril to a, as foraigners. When a person is in Commission, he should wear the livery of his Office;but when he signifies nothing, he should not put it on, nay rather, hehad better keep at home. 7thly, A standing for just nothing, but as the shadow of a Cambril, asheaven, earth, bread, head, realm, meadow, read in the PreterperfectTense. In a Rail of Pales, if one be out to let in one Hog, ’tis enough to letin the whole Herd into the Close, is an observation applicable to thepremisses. E long and short, and we can see no cause for’t in equally and equity, in cement, regard, torment, rebell, register, long and short in the samewords being Acute when Verbs, and penacute when Nounes. But any Child orForeigner, that never heard the words spoken, might uneasily guess atthe true pronunciation by the sense, That an Acute would be a great easeand comfort to the Reader and Teacher, and no great trouble to thePrinter. 3dly, and 4thly, E long and short before 2 Cambrils to bear up itstrain, _viz. _ e before, and e after a Consonant, also g and e, or i andgh, 3 Cambrils, as eare, beare, with a and e; but here with but oneCambril; weigh with 2 or 3: In east, bread, stead, it makes no use ofthe Cambrils, only for state A must dance attendance, as in manyhundreds more. 5thly, and 6thly, e long and short before a consonant or 2, and anothere, as steple, people, treble and indeleble. 7thly, Syllables are long without e for a Cambril, as dost, most, ghost, bright, right, sign, design, and short, notwithstanding e Cambril ashence, since, prince, possible, facile, but Prince and Simple properNames be spoken, with i long, that an unknown Reader mistake not thepersons names. But how nonsensically e is us’d in the end of syllables short in live, love, gives, but long, alive, and gives (fetters) and is pronounc’d andunpronounc’d before s, as rages, wages, cages, horses, asses, churches, and porches, and not in cares, fears, hopes, robes, bones, and making ilong and not, as writer, fighter, mitre, hither and thither: In whether, e short, and weather, in neither e long; likewise e is pronounc’d andunpronounc’d in the middle, as commandements, righteous, covetous, stupefie, not in careful, careless, grateful, feareful; not inwednesday, and is pronounc’d after a diphthong or double consonant, veryneedlesly, as in inne, Anne, asse, poore, roome, joye, cause, laws, coife, choice, juice, and as badly after syllables made long by a or i, as feares, roads, theire, veine, veile, either. In Beresford the lattere is mispronounced by Scholarship, mistaken to make it trissylable. 8thly, E is pronounc’d sometimes singly in the end of words, as inPhebe, Cyrene, Penelope, Euterpe. But these be Greek words, but so isnot the and be. But what an Husteron proteran is this to teach the GreekGrammar before the Battledore. 9thly, E put for a in they, their, and for i in ever, never, evil, wevil, devil. 10th, E put for ee, as Peter, Steven, even, he, she, me, we. Andsometimes ie for the same, as yield, believe, friend, and otherwise infiend, friend, diet, quiet, but not alike neither, but let that run uponth’ tongue, made long in people by o, also infeoffe, heofness. _viz. _Heavens, (f pronounc’d as v) left out in George, biere, friend, leaveout i, sieve, e; diet; and quiet, take in both. 11th, EE for e long, as beere, drink, deere, venison. 12th, Sometimes ee for twice, e, as Beersheba, overseer. 13th, Y and e, both for one Cambril, because one was perhaps to weak. Though one Cambril seems enough for one small veile, as dayes, wayes;also i and e, as haires, praise, and w and e, as showes, knows, crowes, not in lose. But why may not w serve after a and e, and y after o, Iknow not. Methinks the dead Letters should not be coye on what Cambrilthey’re hang’d on; but I must ask the Butchers, and what doth e afterIle, for I will. 14th, E defective in seest, fleeth, freeest, agreed; that prodigal as eis of its company, should ever be wanting is a wonder; where there oughtto be 3 ease, or ez, or thrice e, two for a diphthong, if it may be onefor the syllable, that the distiction may seeme not heard between seeth, beholdeth, and see the boile, e is added. But alas it is objected lately within this Seven years by _G. B. _ thatCompositors leav out E in days and ways, and such like; Garamercy forthat! But why do they not leav out y also, which signifies not more, butles than e: And why is not i and e cast out of praise and raise, and efrom wife and strife, which adorn the words no more than Beauty-spots doa Whore’s Face: And why is not w for a black Patch, cast awa from knowand blow, as well as da, and wa hav cast awa their Pock arr-y; and whyis not w to do, where there’s need; that ’ton need no mock ’tuthr wi’the los, and wi’ the load of w: Now indeed we have cast awa ugh fromthough, and although, when som sound is of them, and not left gh out inbright, light, thought, where they signify no more than a chip, or herbGohn in poredg: Ha! Ha! He! Yet in floweth and knoweth w sounds well, having an influence in the following vowel. [Transcriber’s Note: The “herb Gohn” is probably St. John’s Wort, which can be made into a mash or “porridge”. ] 15th, Other verieties to make a syllable long without e, as a in boast, board, coasts, coales, not holes. Also Short i, as veil, either, neither, and somtimes ’tis a diphthong, as neighbour, eight. Also o, as people, enfeoff, heofness. And u, asfoure, foul, not in honour, neighbour, where o, and u, stand for as goodas nothing. And all Vowels be us’d supervacaneously before l, n, or r; as inbrethren, coffen, children, open, navill, wevill; not in cavill, Sybill, and civill; apron, button, mutton, iron, reason, bacon, treason; and inproper names, as Gackson, Gohnson, Wilson, Tomson, Rependon, Repton, Donnington; not in God-Son, Common, but in Cousin. All vowels be us’d in vain before r, as pillar, cellar, winter, summer, dinner, curfir, (as it were cover, fire, ) honour, donour, neighbour, pleasure, measure, nature, feature, scripture, martyr. I is us’dseverally. 1st and 2dly, I Long and short in the same circumstances, as blind, find, mind, with i long, kindred, limb, shrimp, pinch, with i short; ghmakes i long, as bright, might, plight, &c. And i is long without ’em, as bite, kite, write. 3dly and 4thly, I short with a consonant, and e after it, as lives, gives, nouns and verbs: Bible, possible, triple, tribled, idle fidle, Prince, prince. 5thly, and 6thly, makeing e long, and not as before. 7thly, Used in vain, as gainful, _&c. _ as before; also e and a putfor i, as borage, savage, knowledge, colledge, not in hedge and nonage;also y was us’d formerly for i. But most abominably i is us’d for g, which is unpardonable, when g beinga letter of a double meaning can do without, as gaol, or goal; whyshould it infect i with its own distemper, to be double minded. Lastly, W[h]y g[h] ma not make all vowels long as well as i, and w[h]yma not ye and we make vowels long, as well as a, e, and o; we must askt[h]e natural P[h]ilosop[h]ers w[h]at sympat[h]y or antipat[h]y is int[h]e Lettrz; and w[h]et[h]er an occult quality; or t[h]e divines, ift[h]ere be not a mystery in it above nature before we adventure to teahand cong the batl-dur; and w[h]y I ma not supply t[h]e place of yrat[h]er t[h]an g, as in yate, yell, yule, younger, (as Italians). T[h]is [h]ad bin very excuseable, and not wit[h]out antient president. As likewise w[h]y some consonants take exception at some vowels; or somevowels at t[h]em, t[h]at t[h]ey change t[h]eir meaning? as c and g, sometimes before e and i, and t before ion sometimes. 8thly, W[h]y not always wit[h]out exeption: If t[h]ere be a supernaturalcause (for we are sure t[h]eir is no natural one) for t[h]ese t[h]ings, t[h]ey will declare it, if not; t[h]ere must needs be a preternaturalwon. O, is us’d accordingly, as most, dost, lost, tost. 3dly and 4thly, As some, come, [h]ome, done, gone; short a in Joan, Joanne, Joakim, a and o part. Also l makes o long, as roll, poll, not extoll, and w[h]y not ot[h]ervowels too. O, for oe, as mot[h]er, among, from. O, for u, as brot[h]er, come, some, word, world, wont, t[h]e verb;anot[h]er, good, blood, not yonder. O, for a, nort[h]erly, as paredg, [h]arses, carn, amang. U is us’d promiscuously, as appears in the vowels afore going, but notso frequently as the rest, as [h]ugh long, hug short; [h]uge, voluble, superfluous after b and g, as build, guard, not regard, q being call’dcu, needs it not; guide, not gilbert. But v consonant not call’d ev, with a different caracter, is no lessabsur’d than j consonant, not call’d ij, with a different figure, asmejer for measure, as the French also use it, as je vou remercy. Soosier, [h]osier, easier, azure, _&c. _ F us’d for v anciently, as d for th, as fader; but spokn as we do now:ev is us’d for f in the _West_, as vire, vield, for fire, field, and weput p for v in upper: The Hebrews put veth for it, beth for b, theSpaniards make v, b, but to let other Languages alone, we pass to The Diphthongs. Whereof 3 be very absurd, ee for which the Latins us’d ij, as ijdemoculi lucent, eadem feritatis imago est, _Ov. _ met. The Greeks made Etaa doble e, as also oo OMEGA. 2. Oo, for which the Latins us’d uu, as uva, uuula, and the British andHebrews double u. 3. Aw, all, au, as augre, maugre, awe, law, all, calf, (se the restin l. ) and ao properly, as graot, gaol, gaot. Ai, as straight, again, not, wait, ei as eight, not neither. Oi, as boile, not the noun. Uu is serv’d by oo, and so forth. No thanks for it. Ui, as juice. Ou, as ought, not, out. Au is put for ao, ou for au, as sauce, souce. Eu or ew, ewe, neuter, is right. Iu, as view, might be mended thus, viu. Ou is common, as could, cow, but there is difference between o long andshort. O is often us’d for a triphthong (y in British). O u u, as hone, stone, doore, through, wo, whore, fore, more. In ou o is oft left out, as double, trouble. L is us’d for o, as Ralph, [h]alf, calf, malt, [h]alt, salt and scalp, not in [h]ealth and wealth, and dealt: L is so us’d after e, as elf, notself, whelm, Gulielm, not elme. Lastly, L is for u, as old, cold, gold, fold, bold, colt, bolt, not indolt. If ae, eo, ie, and ea be diphthongs, and lawfully marry’d by Banes, orLicens, I’m sure it is but an [h]alf char-marriage, for they (for a justimpediment) never bed together. _Amendment offer’d. _ Make a Cambril over the vowels to make ’em long; and this will cureinnumerabl errors, and there will be no more mistakes or abuse of thevowels, and this will save a world of truble. But because the titl of i stands in the way, give a dash for I long, andlet a low Apostrophe, as high as the bodies of he letters, stand for ishort, and i with a tittle for double i or ee. So Mal, mel, mil, mol, mul. Mâl, mêl, mıl, môl, mûl. [Transcriber’s Note: Text shown as printed, although preceding paragraph implies “m'l” or “mıl” (dotless i, or i without “tittle”) in first line, “m--l” in second. ] Then ask the Printer whether a Cambril set over the vowels, be not asgood, and cheap as an e, a, o, or gh at the end. But w[h]at difference can we make in figures, between ou, long o, andshort o? Thus like the sign Taurus after the Greek fashion is short ou, or (speak Tongue) ou at lengt[h], is long o wit[h] u; and again the signTaurus wit[h] a Foot-Ball between [h]is [h]orns, is t[h]e Trift[h]ong;t[h]e reason belongs to Grammar. For to lay sound upon sound wit[h]out sig[h]t, is as field upon field, false Heraldry. But as for suc[h] as [h]ave t[h]eir for[h]eads no broader t[h]an t[h]eirBattledore, they must stic in the old nooke at q in the corner, notseven years, but seventy times seven. ’Tis not a sin sait[h] a P[h]ilosop[h]er t[h]at I cannot spel wel, butt[h]at I cannot live well. If we [h]ave t[h]is error from the Lawyers we[h]ope ’tis lawful; for to put in letters in a word or words in a deed, more t[h]an enoug[h] often. But the Lawyers English may be no bettert[h]an [h]is Latin, t[h]e one as [h]ard to be spell’d, as t[h]e ot[h]erto be parsd. Next we come to the Consonants. _Third Part of Babling _Babel_ undermin’d; the Eyes submitting to theEars. _ Consonants do sometimes stand for noug[h]t, Sometimes for one anot[h]er; But w[h]en stands eah one as it oug[h]t? W[h]en stands it for its brot[h]er? B is a Consonant [h]at[h] no name-sake, as none oug[h]t to have. For puta vowel before or after it, its all one for the name and value, forevery value of a letter is according to its name, or oug[h]t to be, forthe name is proper to the figure as call, de or ed, ’tis all one, asr o ed, rod. Call b be, or eb; but use custom, ’tis [h]elpful w[h]enproper; [h]urtful w[h]en improper. B is overplus in Lamb, t[h]umb, debt, doubt; and w[h]at need is t[h]ere of t[h]ese unnecessary bees; scarceone in a Parish besides the Parson t[h]inks t[h]e two last come of Latinwords, debitum and dubito, w[h]ere t[h]ey are pronounc’d. B is a letter of t[h]e lips, shutting t[h]e lips before t[h]e vowel, w[h]en it begins a syllable, and after a vowel when it ends: So do therest in BUMaF _viz. _ ev, we, m, f, p. _A Rule useful for School-Teachers, for short Tongu’d Children, for easyUtterance use the upper Letters for the neather. _ B [G] D V G J Z [C] [Y] [R] For P C [T] F H [J] S [T] K R _Probatum est. _ By one I had a Scholar, could speak none of the neather Letters, till he[h]ad learn’d (after the _West_ [G]untry fashion, and the Rules of theLearn’d Grammars) to pronounce the upper first. We are not awar [h]au muh our deseitful lettrz [h]indr uthr Learning, and refining Inglish, and [h]au tru letrz would furthr it. Mad C w’[c] s spelz sound [c]e sàm, _Stilo novo_. Betráz q h and k. Desetfule deniz its nam, And s do[c] it betra. Dissembli[v] C wi[c] nidles vot, Ov ridi[v] brex [c]e nec. Unles it [h]av a proper nam, And spelli[v] suits wi[c] C. C [g]ivz an il exampl, And iz a tripl tnav: CCC ERAS. Ad. On gustis it do[c] trampl, Scab’d for aol [h]er aolz brav. Ov sierz [c]e blind ledr iz: [D]e ded [c]e livi[v] rul. ARISTOF. And [wot] a tirsum tasc iz [c]is To wat upon a Fuul? Larg [h]ausn [h]av wi in larg taunz, And largr hevnle buux: Larg Cots and Tlox [h]av wi and [G]aunz, Aur fit in letr stox. It nivr iz tuu lat to [t]riv, Nor to inven[j]onz ad: For Silvr auns wi ra[c]r striv, [D]un mane paundz ov Led. Nau [c]at I ma u trule si, Sertante to mi sa: If lic u sim and no frend be, Non ledz mi wursr wa. In cruuced waz [c]is aol iz il, Men tno not [c]at [c]a er. And [c]at men luv darcnes stil, No faot in endless fir. As c t and h do fuul our erz ovr and ovr in hatch and catch, _&c. _ sododh D (non without desert) in Wednesday, Hedg, Judg, spring, grudg, badg, where g may do well without its false [h]elp or cumber-place. F is unpronounc’d in mastiff and t is spoken instead of f, in handful, armful, sackful. But it hath manifest wrong done it, by his convertiblep, and its unconvertible h, against their own names too, as Philip. Whereas ph help no more for spelling Filip, than it doth Alexander. Nowif you had said HURH spells Church, and GUG spells Judge, I could easilybelieve it. But heap, God, thy, thigh, hang, shame, which are none of the sevenspell’d by the Letters we intend should spell them: neither can anyEnglishman for his ears, eyes and wits, spell any of these words, andMILLIONS more like ’em, more by his 24 English Letters, make what shifthe can, while _Ingland_ is _Ingland_, and have both Universities, _CAMBRIGE_ and _Oxford_ to help him, and all the Universities beyond theSeas to help them. _Viz. _ [Y]èp, [G]od, [C]i, [T]i, [Y]a[v], [J]à[v], [W]ih; also [F]aun, [R]ûm; and Hif, Ked, Plejr. For Turpe est doctore cum culpa redarguit ipsum. According to _Cato_: Unto the Teacher its a shame, In others his own Faults to blame. Thus you percieve the whole World is but in the Battle-dore, and Lerningis in the Cradle, and the sayings of this Book, as Macroons to inviteher to the taking her Letters to keep up old custom. As _Horas_ [h]athit in his first Sermon. ----Pueris dant crustula blandi Doctores elementa velint ut discere prima. Kind Teachers give Boys Bun and Cake, Their Letters for to Learn them make. G is deaf in sign, not signifie, and g[h] in boug[h]t, broug[h]t, not incoug[h], throug[h], enoug[h], w[h]ih is strangly spoken, stuff, enoug[h], boug[h]s, enoug[h], (corn enoug[h]) and sig[h]ed, and g[h]edspells [h]ead, if ec be not cast away; let k be g[h]a, else k (unlessfor g[h]) as in back, stack, crack, would be a vain impertinent Letter, and deserves (as suh) in an orderly Family to be cic’d out o’ th’ doors. For our Battle-dore is a well-[g]overn’d SITY, w[h]ih shuts out all idleimpertinent persnz, as vagrants wit[h] t[h]eir extravagancies out o’t[h]’ Gates. H is vain, in Ghost, Sc[h]olar, not in Churh, but c is, t[h]erefore itdeserves to be turn’d out of doors, for loosing its good name, [h]avingwork enoug[h] to live of its trade, and is an Interlooper, sounding onet[h]ing by its self, anot[h]er in word-spelling, that she ma not be[h]onest by [h]er self, and a knave in company. L in will, bell, mall, full, and t[h]ousands more. M in gemm, stem, _&c_. N in Henry and proper names, as Normanton, Rependon, Donington. T[h]eformer n is un[h]eard. P in receipt, not except, and mig[h]t as well be left out, as in deceit, conceit, of t[h]e same sin, so empty temptation. S in isle, island, ass, as is uz, s single is as T in whitsunday, and watch, catch, clutch. U is turn’d into EV, Coventry, Daventry, Oven for Couentry, Dauntry, Ouen, an eut; see Mr. _Dugdal_. So our Letters rat[h]er marr than mend our Language, w[h]en wrongspell’d: but more Letters would do well in the Alfabet, (w[h]ih ispreparing) but fewer in most words to spell properly. We is us’d t[h]ree ways, as a vowel, as now, [h]ow, as a consonant inwe, went, as nothing, in know, show, and bo. Ye is us’d four ways, as a consonant, as yea, yes, as a long and shortvowel, as w[h]y, [h]oly and doubtful, as my, t[h]y, and as not[h]ing inmay day. W[h]en each Letter [h]at[h] but one meaning 1; the Reading is certain astwo and twenty one, one wants w, and two ma spare it. Z is scarce us’d in vain, but as many consonants are double to make ashort vowel, as Buzze, but is most us’d for s after all Letters but p, c, t, for plurals and t[h]e like, s and z seem to cross one another, asraze and raise, and x for z, as beaux. Since renoun’d Aut[h]ors of late [h]ave left out ugh, as t[h]oug[h] andthe like, writing t[h]o’, if they [h]ad left out w and y superfluous, asknow, row, da, t[h]are, and put out all vain letters, and cambril thevowels, the idle Letters would never [h]ave come in again. Now if Books were begun to be all printed by t[h]ese directions, t[h]eywould make all other old books easier read, and more truly pronounced, t[h]e false spelling being discover’d and amended. But Letters are neither here nor there, for all this, in every circuitthere is something of a particular dialect, differing from the commonEnglish, though the Western and Northern differ most. Now when we speak of altering the Letters, we alter not, but establishand settle the known speech, which is no more but to alter or remove thesign when it directedh to the wrong [h]ouse, but the Inn all the whileis the same. If one be in the North or West, he had best speak as theydo, that he may be readily understood, which is the end of speech. We have corruptions enough in our Letters to corrupt all Languages writwith them. If our Letters were thus Corrected, a stranger, or home-bred, mightlearn as much English in a day, as otherwise in a month or more. Put nature in arts Cradle, and its fet in the stox. There have been many changes of [G]overnment this hundred years, yet thesame errors rule, that we are, and no body for promisiz better. But what ails you to be so bitter against the Letters? Why I look atthem as the dark-house to lodge all our errors in, and a feather-bed, where all, both errors and unknown sins may be lodg’d, therefore I pullout the Straws out of your bolster, that I may let light into the house, that you ma see you lodge in a thorn-bush instead of a feather-bed. ButI find, (God [h]elp us both) that at all final errors are friends of thegreater, that neither am I able by these letters to speak, nor you tounderstand me by Writing. Nay no man is by old Letters able so much asto hint what he would have the new ones call’d, but the old willinsinuate their sufficiency. _The Fourth Part, of Instructions Instructed, or Light out of Darkness. _ _The first Table, wherein the self-same sounds are Spell’d by differentLetters, first Right, and then Wrong. _ A as a, Manna, Joshua, Asia, Judah, Hannah; why ma we not cast awa theHebrew He out of words, as well as the Latins and Greeks have done? Day, say, their, they, fair. These Letters that be, not pronounc’d are verywellcome to be gone, the door stands wide open. E, as be, the, Phebe, yea, weigh, key, holy. If propagating Error belawful, ’tis lawful to teach wrong. I, as Ivi; lie, lye, thy, why, thigh, buy, for the first might aslawfully be spell’d like the last, as UYe I, as the last is wrongspell’d, but more lawfully ma the last be spell’d as your first. O, do, no, so, to, right, tow, dough, Bowes, beau, sloe, slow. (If u bepronounc’d in flow, ’tis a diphthong, let u take its place) wrong. U, as tru, blue, Hugh, new, a singl u might stand for you (if it pleaseu) but not for your, beauty. Ao, gaol, gaot, graot, goal, law, sauce, calf, scalp, caug[h]t, taug[h]t. Al, as ale, fail, but, fayl in old Books. El, as kele, meale, seale, veil, and veal. Il, mile, isle, island, boile, pyle. Ol, mole, soul, coal, roll, poll. Ul, deul, the straig[h]test road, the shortest rule. _Sore against shins it goes to go about, Where you’ve but one road, you cannot go out. _ So âm, em, im, om, um, and an, en, in, on, un, as claim, p[h]legm, rooms, [h]olmes, tombs, soveraign, foreigners, sign, groan, hewn. Hav two strait lines from point to point you shall, * Pseudografy ageometrical. * Bz. So a, e, and sofort[h], before, before, r, s, t, z, bier, [h]ig[h]er, bore, soar, four, lower, case, ace, raze, bass, peace, cease, rise, price, justice, prose, sloce, prize, wise, eyes, lies, rise verb, sighs, use, noun, truce, nose, foes, blows, use verb; suit, an event: but s isus’d for z too oft, the more intollerable; but z should be us’d when itmakes a distinction between noun and verb, as use, rise, abuse: Conceit wit[h]out receit, is mere deceit. Jams, gaol, Jo[h]n, goal, magistrate, majesty, geese, fleece, sig[h]ed, [h]ead, sadled, glad, titled, clad, battled, know, frenh, wensh, good, blood, wort[h], [h]unt, gentl, jear, rih, wit[h], city, sit, scituate, year, be[h]aviour, Joshua, wa, now, noug[h]t. S, as factious, precious, anctious, conscience, sho, fashion, Je[h]oschua, these wi the help ov the Frenh, as quelque hose, and oldAuthors ma be quadrupled all wrong. So x for ckes, as flax, stackes, sex, necks, six, stickes, fox, rokes, flux, bucks. What spells g u g, q i c, [w] i h, R e p n, s c o l r; if wrong (w [h]asno business there) be plesant, rite, (gh [h]at[h] not[h]ing to dot[h]ere) is plezantr, unless to please t[h]ose t[h]at [h]ave t[h]eirwits wit[h]out ’em, will [h]ave t[h]e ears misled by t[h]e eys, andt[h]e soul by t[h]e body, t[h]erefore (suppose t[h]at t[h]ere arefashions for t[h]e soul as well as the body) in t[h]e old ChurchBible ov _K. J. _ its [h]ye, now [h]ig[h]; so formerly forainers, nowforeigners, Rawley, Rawleigh, [h]ere’s wit with a witness: But theseare no more besides their wits, t[h]an t[h]ey are wit[h]out their wits, t[h]at [h]ave t[h]eir wits wit[h]in t[h]em. These that can, paint thevois, can limb out souls too. No doubt very Learn’d men! You t[h]at understand t[h]e frets on t[h]e great Fidle, and wit[h]outGammut, can pric down proper sounds to words in visible shapes, according to t[h]e nu fashion; pra take not awa the falals the oldFat[h]ers put to t[h]eir words, lest posterity serve you no better, asHierom, Hierusalem, ripe, snite, knight, as haucer. _The time shall come that Doctors and Knights Shall be as common as Woodcox and Snites, With Crambo’s or Books ful many a score, As good as these you find, I’ll ad no more. _ Fpsti. _Difficilia quæ pulchra. _ _Hard to be dun, a dute iz sur dhe gratest bute. _ _A Table of the self-same Leters, Spelling words ov a far differentsound. _ As with, with, bath, bathe, sith, sithe, both, both, loath, loath, oath, oathes, smith, smithy, breath, of, off, then, yet, liveth or liveth, joth or joth, mouth, mouth, path or path, wrath, wreath, faith or faith, thy, thigh, this, thistle, thou, thousand, thank, they, them, theame, thus, thunder, thine, thin, goal or goal, as afore, motion, crimson, action, Acteon, singed, hanged, changed, shepherd, Shaphat, dishonour, asham’d, bishop, mishap, character, charity, duckherd, blockhead, Dutchess, gather, success, suggest, or suggest, or suggest, or suggest, haov, rij, [w]heg and who, come, on, you know what I mean, as well as[h]orses. War rod: scepter, sceptic, syllables, bless, access, axes, oxen, Christ-cross, beaux, beauty, ancre, kernel, acres, craz’d, threatned, knead, bootes, Bootes, winged, gnaw’d: th is cut of fromwith, _cum_, after another of the same, at wi’ them. To Read English after the names ov the Letters, which is blameless, maxEnglish as strang as to read after the French fashion; what would becomeof Gire-eagle, wither, league, thing, Jehosaphat. Put an Apostrophe (call’d Swa in Hebru) between every two consonants(_viz. _ a short i) the spelling is discern’d as well as with atouch-stone, that you may perseve easily that falsehood is not in goodearnest. So george, gorge, Gomorrha, Esau, Hus or uz, Nubes, Ragau, Joshua, where([V] [v]) is the first letter in the four first, middlemost in fist, ain the last all wrong. That no wonder if the Bible Translators took upthe blanket, and left the Child behind ’em, when St. Hierom says, theHebrew Letters are not to be exprest by the Western figures (I thinktruly) And for want of axents Church-Readers wickedly miscallBible-words, as Theobulus, Jericho, Goliah, Cæsarea, a Decapolis, Penacutes or Prepenacutes, also Haggi four ways. A duble Letter in Hebrew of the same sort, being dageshed, prevents allmistakes, as הגּי. So ’[G]od”es” for the Goddesses. But for example sake, as far as any thing can really be exprest byEnglish Letters, without bodging patching, or bungling balderdash orbarbarous gallimofry of our Romantic Letters, obscurer than the EgiptianHieroglifix. I will subscribe an old saing in English, as easy as anything, if custom and fashion tnu it: _An As an Mul carrid Runlets ov Wine, But d’ Ass did gron undr er burdn gret: Qo’d’ Mul, Modr, wat al u dus to win? And under your lijt lod so sor to swet? Ist dubl ber if I tac won ov din. Wijst ber a lic if dau tac won ov min. Pride cind Gometer do us dis fet. _ _Doctrina non habet inimicum præter ignorantem. _ _Of erudition dher’s no sircumstans Hadh ani enimi but ignorans. _ _But ’premisses rightly understood desier the exhibition of a compleat Alfebet, to read English as easily as [G]reek; therefore I shall end this Book wi’ the first Letter ov the ensuing Batl-dur. _ [A] [a] A a B b [D] d D [c] E e F f G g [G] [g] H h [Y] [h] I i J j C c K k [F] [f] M m N n [V] [v] O o P p Q q R r S s [J] [j] T t [T] [t] U u V v W w [W] [w] X x Y y z &. † FINIS. * * * * * William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY _General Editors_ R. C. BOYSUniversity of Michigan RALPH COHENUniversity of California, Los Angeles VINTON A. DEARINGUniversity of California, Los Angeles LAWRENCE CLARK POWELLWm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library _Corresponding Secretary_ Mrs. EDNA C. DAVIS, Wm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library The Society exists to make available inexpensive reprints (usuallyfacsimile reproductions) of rare seventeenth and eighteenth centuryworks. The editorial policy of the Society remains unchanged. As in thepast, the editors welcome suggestions concerning publications. Allincome of the Society is devoted to defraying cost of publication andmailing. All correspondence concerning subscriptions in the United States andCanada should be addressed to the William Andrews Clark MemorialLibrary, 2205 West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles 18, California. Correspondence concerning editorial matters may be addressed to any ofthe general editors. The membership fee is $3. 00 a year for subscribersin the United States and Canada and 15/- for subscribers in GreatBritain and Europe. British and European subscribers should addressB. H. Blackwell, Broad Street, Oxford, England. Publications for the twelfth year [1957-58] (At least six items, most of them from the following list, will bereprinted. ) Henry Fielding, _The Voyages of Mr. Job Vinegar_ (1740). Introduction by Sam Sackett. William Herbert, Third Earl of Pembroke, _Poems_ (1660). Introduction by Gaby Onderwyzer. _An Historical View of the Political Writers of Great Britain_ (1740). Introduction by Robert L. Haig. Francis Hutcheson, _Essays on Laughter_ (1729). Samuel Johnson, _Notes to Shakespeare, Vol. III, Tragedies_. Edited by Arthur Sherbo. Richard Savage, _An Author to be Let_ (1732). Introduction by James Sutherland. Elkanah Settle, _The Notorious Impostor_ (1692). Introduction by Spiro Peterson. _Seventeenth Century Tales of the Supernatural_. Selected, with an Introduction, by Isabel M. Westcott. Publications for the first eleven years (with the exception of Nos. 1-6, which are out of print) are available at the rate of $3. 00 a year. Prices for individual numbers may be obtained by writing to the Society. THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY_WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY_2205 West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles 18, CaliforniaMake check or money order payable toTHE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. PUBLICATIONS OF THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY [Transcriber’s Note: