NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. 

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"When found, make a note of. "--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. 

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No. 49. ] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. 

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CONTENTS. 

NOTES:--Page Stray Notes on Cunningham's London. 289 Satirical Song upon Villiers Duke of Buckingham, by Dr. Rimbault. 291 Baker's Notes on Author of "Whole Duty of Man, " by Rev. J. E. B. Mayor. 292 Mistake about George Wither, by Dr. Rimbault. 293 Useful _v. _ Useless Learning. 293 Minor Notes:--Numerals--Junius and Sir P. Francis--Jews under the Commonwealth--"Is any thing but, " &c. --Fastitocalon. 294

QUERIES:-- Bishop Cosin's Conference. 295 Engleman's "Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum, " by Professor De Morgan. 296 Minor Queries:--Portrait of Sir P. Sidney--Confession--Scotch Prisoners at Worcester--Adamson's Edward II. --Sir Thomas Moore--Dr. E. Cleaver--Gwyan's London--Coronet--Cinderella--Judas' Bell--Dozen of Bread--Kings Skuggsia--Coins of Gandophares--Satirical Medals. 296

REPLIES:-- Gaudentio di Lucca. 298 On a Passage in the Tempest, by J. Payne Collier. 299 Gray's Elegy. 300 Bishops and their Precedence. 301 Replies to Minor Queries:--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time--What is the correct Prefix of Mayors--Marks of Cadency. 302

MISCELLANEOUS:-- Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 303 Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 303 Notices to Correspondents. 303 Advertisments. 304

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NOTES. 

STRAY NOTES ON CUNNINGHAM'S LONDON. 

The following notes are so trivial, that I should have scrupled to sendthem on any other ground than that so well-conceived andlabouriously-executed a work should have its most minute and unimportantdetails as correct as possible. This, in such a work, can only beeffected by each reader pointing out the circumstances that he hasreason to believe are not quite correctly or completely given in it. 

Page 24. _Astronomical Society. _--The library has been recentlyaugmented by the incorporation with it of the books and documents (aswell as the members) of the _Mathematical Society of London_(Spitalfields). It contains the most complete collection of the Englishmathematical works of the last century known to exist. A friend, who hasexamined them with some care, specifies particularly some of the tractspublished in the controversy raised by Bishop Berkeley respecting "theghosts of departed quantities, " of which he did before know theexistence. 

The instruments to which Mr. Cunningham refers as bequeathed to theSociety, are not used there, nor yet allowed to lie unused. They areplaced in the care of active practical observers, according as thespecial character of the instruments and the special subjects to whicheach observer more immediately devotes his attention, shall render theassignment of the instrument expedient. The instruments, however, stillremain the property of the Society. 

P. 37. _Bath House. _--Date omitted. 

P. 143. --Evan's Hotel, Covent Garden, is described as having been oncethe residence of "James West, the great collector of books, &c. , and_President of the Royal Society_. " There has certainly never been aPresident, or even a Secretary, of that name. However, it is justpossible that there might have been a Vice-president so named (as theseare chosen by the President from the members of the council, and thecouncil has not always been composed of men of science): but even thisis somewhat doubtful. 

P. 143. _Covent Garden Theatre. _--No future account of this theatre willbe complete without the facts connected with the ill-starred Delafield;just as, into the Olympic, the history of the defaulter Watts, of theGlobe Assurance Office, must also enter. 

P. 143. Near top of col. 2. "Heigho! says Kemble. "--Before this period, a variation of the _rigmarole_ upon which this is founded had becomepoplular, from the humour of Liston's singing at Sadler's Wells. I havea copy of the music and the words; altogether identical with those inthe music. Of these, with other matters connected with the {290} amorousfrog, I shall have something more to say hereafter. This notice is to beconsidered incidental, rather than as referring expressly to Mr. Cunningham's valuable book. 

P. 153. _Deans Yard, Westminster. _--Several of the annual budgets ofabuse, obscenity, and impudent imposture, bearing on their title-pagesvarious names, but written by "John Gadbury, Student in Physic andAstrology, " were dated from "my house, Brick Court, Dean's Yard, Westminster;" or this slightly varied, occasionally being, "Brick Court, _near_ the Dean's Yard, " &c. I have not seen a complete series ofGadbury's _Almanacks_, but those I refer to range from 1688 to 1694(incomplete). His burial in St. Margaret's, Westminster, in 1704, isnoticed by Mr. Cunningham, at p. 313. As brick was then only used in themore costly class of domestic buildings, this would seem to indicatethat _prophecy_ was then a lucrative trade; and that the successor andpupil of the "arch-rogue, William Lilly" was quite as fortunate in hisspeculations as his master had been. It is a truth as old as societyitself, that "knaves grow rich while honest men starve. " Whilst Gadburywas "wallowing in plenty, " the author of _Hudibras_ was perishing forwant of a crust!

P. 153. _Denzil Street. _--Here, about the middle of the street, on thesouth side, lived Theophilus Holdred, a jobbing watchmaker, whose namewill always hold a place in one department of mathematical history. Hediscovered a method of approximating to the roots of numericalequations, of considerable ingenuity. He, however, lost in his day andgeneration the reputation that was really due to him for it, by hislaying claim to more than he had effected, and seeking to deprive otherand more gifted men of the reputation due to a more perfect solution ofthe same problem. He was, indeed, brought before the public as the toolof a faction; and, as the tools of faction generally are, he wassacrificed by his own supporters when he was no longer of any use tothem. 

I once called upon him, in company with Professor Leyburn, of the RoyalMilitary College, but I forget whether in 1829 or 1830. We found him athis bench--a plain, elderly, and heavy-looking personage. He seemed tohave become "shy" of our class, and some time and some address wererequisite to get him to speak with any freedom: but ultimately we placedhim at his ease, and he spoke freely. We left him with the convictionthat he was the _bonâ fide_ discoverer of his own method; and that hehad no distinct conception, even then, of the principle of the methodswhich he had been led by his friends to claim, of having _also_discovered _Horner's_ process before Horner himself had published it. Hedid not (ten years after the publication of Horner's method) even thenunderstand it. He understood his own perfectly, and I have not theslightest doubt of the correctness of his own statement, of its havingbeen discovered by him fifty years before. 

P. 166. _Dulwich Gallery. _--This is amongst the unfortunate consequencesof taking lists upon trust. Poor Tom Hurst[1] has not been in thechurchyard these last eight years--except the three last in his grave. The last five years of his life were spent in a comfortable asylum, as"a poor brother of the Charterhouse. " He was one of the victims of the"panic of 1825;" and though the spirit of speculation never left him, healways failed to recover his position. He is referred to here, however, to call Mr. Cunningham's attention to the necessity, in a _Hand-book_especially, of referring his readers correctly to the places at which_tickets_ are to be obtained for any purpose whatever. It discouragesthe visitor to London when he is thus "sent upon a fool's errand;" andthe Cockney himself is not in quite so good a humour with the author forbeing sent a few steps out of his way. 

P. 190. _Rogers_--a Cockney by inference. I {291} should like to seethis more decidedly established. I am aware that it is distinctly sostated by Chambers and by Wilkinson; but a remark once made to me byMrs. Glendinning (the wife of Glendinning, the printer, of HattonGarden) still leads me to press the inquiry. 

P. 191. --_The Free Trade Club_ was dissolved before the publication ofthis edition of the _Handbook_. 

P. 192. --And to Sir John Herschel, on his return from the Cape of GoodHope. 

P. 210. _Royal Society. _--From a letter of Dr. Charles Hutton, in the_Newcastle Magazine_ (vol. I. 2nd series), it appears that at the timeof Dr. Dodd's execution the Fellows were in the habit of adjourning, after the meetings, to Slaughter's Coffee House, "to eat oysters, " &c. The celebrated John Hunter, who had attempted to resuscitate theill-fated Doctor, was one of them. "The Royal Society Club" wasinstituted by Sir Joseph Banks. 

P. 221. _Hanover Square. _--Blank date. 

P. 337. _Millbank Prison. _--It was designed, not by "Jeremy Bentham, "but by his brother, the great mechanist, Sir Samuel Bentham. In passing, it may be remarked that the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, isconstructed on the same principle, and, as was stated in the _Mechanics'Magazine_, on authority, a year or two ago, by the same engineer. General rumour has, however, attributed the design to his graciousMajesty George III; and its being so closely in keeping with the knownspirit of _espionage_ of that monarch certainly gave countenance to therumour. It may be as well to state, however, that, so designed and sobuilt, it has never yet been so used. 

P. 428. --_Benbow_, not a native of Wapping, but of Shrewsbury. A life ofhim was published nearly forty years ago, by that veteran of local andcounty history, Mr. Charles Hulbert, in the _Salopian Magazine_. 

P. 499. _Whitfield. _--Certainly not the founder of the Methodists, inthe ordinary or recognised acceptation of the term. John Wesley was atthe head of that movement from the very first, and George Whitfield andCharles Wesley were altogether subordinate to him. Wesley and Whitfieldparted company on the ground of Arminianism _versus_ Calvinism. For awhile the two sects kept the titles of "Arminian Methodists" and"Calvinistic Methodists. " The latter made but little ground afterwards, and the distinctive adjective was dropped by the Wesleyans when theWhitfieldites had ceased to be a prominent body. 

P. 515. _Doctor Dodd. _--The great interest excited in favour of acommutation of his sentence, led to the belief at the time, that hislife had not been really sacrificed. Many plausible stories respectingthe Doctor having been subsequently seen alive, were current; and asthey may possibly in some future age be revived, and again pass intogeneral currency, it may be as well to state that the most positiveevidence to the contrary exists, in a letter of Dr. Hutton's beforereferred to. The _attempt to resuscitate him was actually made_, by a noless distinguished surgeon than John Hunter. He seemed then to attributethe failure to his having _received the body too late_. Wonderfuleffects were at that time expected to result from the discovery ofgalvanism; but it would have been wonderful indeed if any restorationhad taken place after more than two hours of suspended animation. JohnHunter, according to the account, does not seem to have been verycommunicative on the subject, even to his philosophical friends atSlaughter's Oyster Rooms. 

T. S. D. 

Shooter's Hill. 

[Footnote 1: It may not be out of place here to mention one fine featurein the character of "Tom Hurst;" his deep reverence for men of ability, whether in literature, science, or art. Take one instance:

Fourteen or fifteen years ago, I called one morning at his place ofbusiness (then 65. St. Paul's Church Yard, which has been subsequentlyabsorbed into the "Religious Tract Depository"); and, as was my custom, I walked through the shop to his private room. He was "not in;" but agentleman, who first looked at me and then at a portrait of me on thewall, accosted me by my surname as familiarly as an intimateacquaintance of twenty years would have done. He and Hurst, it appeared, had been speaking of me, suggested by the picture, before Hurst wentout. The familiar stranger did not keep me long in suspense--heintimated that I had "probably heard our friend speak of Ben Haydon. " Ofcourse I had; and we soon got into an easy chat. Hurst was naturally acommon subject with us. Amongst the remarks he made were the following, and in almost the words:--

"When my troubles came on, I owed Hurst a large sum of money; and thecircumstances under which I became his debtor rendered this peculiarly adebt of honour. He lent it me when he could ill spare it; yet he is theonly one of all my creditors who has not in one way or other persecutedme to the present hour. When he first knew of my wreck, he called uponme--_not to reproach but to encourage me_--and he would not leave metill he felt sure that he had changed the moody current of my thoughts. If there be any change in him since then, it is in his increasedkindness of manner and his assiduity to serve me. He is now gone out totry to sell 'a bit of daub' for me. "

Hurst came in, and this conversation dropped; but it had been well hadHurst been by his side on the day his last picture was opened to view atthe Egyptian Hall. The catastrophe of that night might have beenaverted, notwithstanding Mr. Barnum and his Tom Thumb show in theadjoining room. ]

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SATIRICAL SONG UPON GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. 

In turning over some old bundles of papers of the early part of theseventeenth century, I met with the following satirical effusion upon"James's infamous prime minister, " George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. As an echo of the popular feelings of the people at the time it waswritten, it merits preservation; and although I have seen othermanuscript copies of the ballad, it has never yet, as far as I canlearn, appeared in print. 

It appears to be a parody or paraphrase of a well-known ballad of theperiod, the burden of which attracted the notice of the satirist. Itafterwards became a common vehicle of derision during the civil war, asmay be seen by turning over the pages of the collection entitled _RumpSongs_, and the folio volumes of the king's pamphlets. 

The _original_ of these parodies has hitherto eluded my researches. Itis not among the Pepysian, Roxburghe, Wood, or Douce ballads, butperhaps some of your readers may be able to point it out in some publicor private collection. 

 "Come heare, Lady Muses, and help mee to sing, Come love mee where I lay; Of a duke that deserves to be made a king-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "Our Buckingham Duke is the man that I meane, Come love mee where I lay; On his shoulders the weale of the kingdome doth leane-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "O happiest kingdome that ever was kind, Come love mee where I lay; And happie the king that hath such a friend-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. {292}

 "Needs must I extoll his worth and his blood-- Come love mee where I lay; And his sweet disposition soe milde and soe good-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "Those innocent smiles that embelish his face, Come love mee where I lay; Who sees them not tokens of goodness and grace-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "And what other scholler could ever arise, Come love mee where I lay; From a master that was soe sincere and wise-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "Who is hee could now from his grave but ascend, Come love mee where I lay; Would surely the truth of his service commend-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "The king understands how he honors his place, Come love me where I lay; Which is to his majestie noe little grace-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "And therefore the government justly hath hee, Come love mee where I lay; Of horse for the land, and shipps for the sea-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "What, though our fleet be our enemies debtor, Come love mee where I lay; Wee brav'd them once, and wee'l brave them better-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "And should they land heere they should bee disjointed, Come love mee where I lay; And find both our horse and men bravely appointed-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "Then let us sing all of this nobel duke's praise, Come love mee where I lay; And pray for the length of his life and his daies-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. 

 "And when that death shall close up his eyes, Come love mee where I lay; God take him up into the skies-- The cleane contrary way, O the cleane contrary way. "

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. 

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"WHOLE DUTY OF MAN, " AUTHOR OF. 

(From Baker's MSS, vol. Xxxv. P. 469-470. Cambridge University Library. )

 "Octo'r 31. 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, &c. [as in the note p. Xiii. To the editor's Preface, ed. 1842, with unimportant variations, such as _Madam Frances Heathcote_, where the printed copy has _Mrs. Heathcote_; Baker reads _Madam Ayre of Rampton after dinner took_, where the printed copy has, _Mrs. Eyre_. After _was dead_, follows in Baker, ] and that in that Month she had buried her Husband and severall Relations, but that her comfort was, that by her Monthly Sacraments she participated still with them in the Communion of Saints. 

 "Then she went to her Closet, and fetched out a Manuscript, w'ch she said was the original of the _Whole Duty of Man_, tied together and stitched, in 8'vo, like Sermon notes. She untied it, saying, it was Dr. Fell's Correction and that the Author was the Lady Packington (her Mother), in whose hand it was written. 

 "To prove this, the s'd Mr. Caulton further added that she said, she had shewn it to Dr. Covell, Master of Christ's College[2] in Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Preb. Of York, and Mr. Banks the present Incumbent of the Great Church in Hull. She added, withall, that _The Decay of Christian Piety_ was hers (The Lady Packington's) also, but disowned any of the rest to be her Mother's. 

 "This is a true Copy of what I wrote, from Mr. Caulton's Mouth, two days before his Decease. 

 "Witness my hand, "Nov. 15. 98. 

 "JOHN HEWYT. "

 "Bp. Fell tells us, that all these Tracts were written by the excellent Author (whom he makes to be one and the same person) at severall times, as y'e exigence of the Church, and the benefit of soules directed y'r composures; and that he (the Author) did likewise publish them apart, in the same order as they were made. The last, it seems (w'ch is _The Lively Oracles_), came out in 1678, the very year Dr. Woodhead died. Had the Author liv'd longer, we should have had his Tract _Of the Government of the Thoughts_, a work he had undertaken; and certainly (as Bp. Fell hath told us), had this work been finished, 'twould have equall'd, if not excelled, whatever that inimitable hand had formerly wrote. Withall it may be observ'd, that the Author of these Tracts speaks of the great Pestilence, and of the great Fire of London, both w'ch happen'd after the Restoration, whereas Bp. Chappell died in 1649. And further, in sect. Vii. Of the _Lively Oracles_, n. 2. , are these words, w'ch I think cannot agree to Bp. Chappell [and less to Mr. Woodhead]. _I would not be hasty in charging Idolatry upon the Church of Rome, or all in her Communion; but that their Image-Worship is a most futall snare, in w'ch vast numbers of unhappy Souls are taken, no Man can doubt, who hath with any Regard travailed in Popish Countries: I myself, and thousands of others, whom the late troubles, or other occasions, sent abroad, are, and have been witnesses thereof_. {293} These words seem to have been spoke by one that had been at Rome, and was forced into those Countries after the troubles broke out here. But as for Chappell, he never was at Rome, nor in any of those Countries. 

 "As for Archbp. Stern, no Man will believe him to have any just Title to any of these Tracts. [The last Passage concerning idolatry, will not agree with Mr. Woodhead, nor the rest with Lady Packington. ]

 "In a letter from Mr. Hearne, dat. Oxon, Mar. 27, 1733, said by Dr. Clavering, Bp. Of Petr. To be wrote by one Mr. Basket, a Clergyman of Worcestershire. See Dr. Hamond's _Letters_ published by Mr. Peck, et ultra Quære. "

On so disputed a point as the authorship of the _Whole Duty of Man_, your readers will probably welcome any discussion by one so competent toform an opinion in such matters as Hearne. 

The letter above given was unknown to the editor of Mr. Pickering'sedition. 

J. E. B. MAYOR. 

Marlborough College. 

[Footnote 2: The printed copy has _Trinity_ College. ]

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MISTAKE ABOUT GEORGE WITHER. 

In Campbell's _Notices of the British Poets_ (edit. 1848 p. 234. ) is thefollowing, passage from the short memoir of George Wither:--

 "He was even afraid of being put to some mechanical trade, when he contrived to get to London, and with great simplicity had proposed to try his fortune at court. To his astonishment, however, he found that it was necessary to flatter in order to be a courtier. To show his independence, he therefore wrote his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_, and, instead of rising at court, was committed for some months to the Marshalsea. "

The author adds a note to this passage, to which Mr. Peter Cunningham(the editor of the edition to which I refer) appends the remark inclosedbetween brackets:--

 "He was imprisoned for his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_; yet this could not have been his first offence, as an allusion is made to a former accusation. [It was for _The Scourge_ (1615) that his first known imprisonment took place. ]"

I cannot discover upon any authority sufficient ground for Mr. Campbell's note resecting a _former_ accusation against Wither. He wasundoubtedly imprisoned for his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_, which firstappeared in print in 1613, but I do not think an _earlier_ offence canbe proved against him. It has been supposed, upon the authority of apassage in the _Warning Piece to London_, that the first edition of thiscurious work appeared in 1611; but I am inclined to think that thelines, --

 "In sixteen hundred ten and one, I notice took of public crimes, "

refers to the period at which the "Satirical Essays" were _composed_. Mr. Willmott, however (_Lives of the Sacred Poets_, p. 72. ), thinks thatthey point to an earlier publication. But it is not likely that Witherwould so soon again have committed himself by the publication of the_Abuses_ in 1613, if he had suffered for his "liberty of speech" soshortly before. 

Mr. Cunningham's addition to Mr. Campbell's note is incorrect. The_Scourge_ is part of the _Abuses Whipt and Stript_ printed in 1613 (acopy of which is now before me), to which it forms a postscript. Wood, who had never seen it, speaks of it as a _separate_ publication; but Mr. Willmott has corrected this error, although he had only the means ofreferring to the edition of the _Abuses_ printed in 1615. Mr. Cunningham's note, that Wither was imprisoned for the _Scourge_ in 1615, is a mistake; made, probably, by a too hasty perusal of Mr. Willmott'scharming little volume on our elder sacred poets. 

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. 

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USEFUL VERSUS USELESS LEARNING

A single and practical plan for the formation of a complete and usefullibrary and _respository_ of _universal_ literary knowledge. 

The design which I propose in the following few lines, is one which Ishould imagine nearly all the more learned and literary of your readerswould _wish_ to see _already in existence_ and when I show that it mightbe effected _with very little trouble and expense_ (indeed _no_ troublebut such as would be a _pleasure_ to those interested in the work), andthat the greatest advantage would follow from it, --I hope that it maymeet with favourable consideration from some of the numerous, able, andinfluential readers and correspondents of your journal. 

I am the more induced to hope this from the fact of such a wish havingbeen partially expressed by some of your contributors, and the excellentleading articles of Nos. 1 and 2. 

What I propose is simply this: the SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT of _all_ theexisting literary knowledge in the world that is considered _of value_by those best qualified to judge, disposed in such a manner as to answerthese two purposes: 1st, to give a general connected and classified_view_ of the literary treasures of the whole world, beginning from themost ancient in each language and department (including only what isvaluable in each); and, 2dly, to afford the greatest possible _facility_(by means of arrangement, references and _indexes_) to every inquirerfor finding _at once_ the information he is in search of, if it is to befound _anywhere_ by looking for it. 

There are two ways in which this work might be accomplished, both ofwhich were desirable, though even one only would be much better thannone. 

The first and most complete is, to make a real COLLECTION of all thoseworks, arranged in the {294} most perfect systematic order; and, whiledoing so, to make at the same time a corresponding classified_Catalogue_. 

The chief (and almost the only) _difficulty_ in the way of this wouldbe, to find a _room_ (or suite of rooms) to contain such a library andrepository; but such would probably be found if sought. 

The other way in which this object might be attained is by the formationof a simple CATALOGUE in the same order, such as does already exist andlies open for public use (though only in manuscript, and not soaccurately classified as might be) in the noble library of the DublinUniversity. 

This plan would be _far easier_ than (besides forming the best possible_basis_ for) that so urgently advocated by MR. BOLTON CORNEY (Vol. I. Pp. 9, 42, 43. ). 

Of course so extensive a design would require to be distributed amongmany hundred persons; but so does any great work: while, by eachindividual undertaking that department in which he is most interestedand most experienced, the whole might be accomplished easily andpleasantly. 

The great fault of antiquarians is, that they are constantly _beginningat the wrong end_: they fix on some one piece of information that theywant to get, and devote a world of labour to hunting about in alldirections for anything bearing on the subject; whereas the rational wayobviously is, to have the whole existing mass of (valuable) knowledge_classified_, and then the inquirer would know _where_ to look for hispurpose. 

Of course there will always remain much knowledge of a miscellaneous andirregular nature which is picked up by accident, and does not comewithin the scope of the present design; but this is generally of atrifling and fugitive kind, and does not at all controvert the principleabove laid down. 

In conclusion, I have worked out a tolerably complete series ofarrangements for the above design, showing its practicability as well asusefulness, which will be much at the service of any one who can usethem for the furtherance of that object. 

W. D. 

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MINOR NOTES. 

_Numerals. _--For the old Indian forms, see Prinsep's _Journal AsiaticSoc. Bengal_, 1838, p. 348. The prospectus of _Brugsh, Numerorum apudEgyptios Demoticorum Doctrina_, Berlin, promises to give from papyri andinscriptions not only the figures, but the forms of operation. Probablythe system assumed its present form by the meeting of the Indian andEgyptian traders at some emporium near the mouth of the Indus. Peacockseems to give undue weight to the fact, that the Tibetans have a copiousnomenclature for high numbers: their arithmetic, doubtless, came withtheir alphabet, and the Buddhist legends from India. 

F. Q. 

_Junnius and Sir Philip Francis. _--A few years ago, an aged intelligentperson named Garner was living at Belgrave, near Leicester. I have heardhim say that, when he was a farm bailiff to Lord Thanet, at Sevenoaks, in Kent, Sir Philip Francis was a frequent visitor there, and had aprivate room set apart for literary occupation. On one occasion, when he(Mr. Garner) was riding over the farm with Sir Philip Francis, theformer alluded to one of the replies to Junius, by a clergyman who hadbeen the subject of the "Great Unknown's" anonymous attacks, adding, "They say, Sir Philip, you are Junius. " Sir Philip did not deny that hewas the man, but simply smiled at the remark. This, and othercircumstances coupled with the fact of Sir Philip's frequent visits tothe house of so noted a politician as Lord Thanet, rendered Mr. Garner afirm believer in the identity of Sir Philip and Junius to the end of hisdays. 

JAYTEE. 

_Jews under the Commonwealth_ (Vol. I. , pp. 401. 474. ; vol ii. , p. 25. ). --There is a confirmation of the story of the Jews being in treatyfor St. Paul's and the Oxford Library in a passage in Carte's _Letters_, i. 276, April 2, 1649:--

 "They are about demolishing and selling cathedral churches. I hear Norwich is designed already, and that the Jews proffer 600, 000l. For Paul's and Oxford Library, and may have them for 200, 000l. More. "

CH. 

"_Is anything but, " &c. _--As your work seems adapted, amongst othersubjects, to check the introduction into our language of undesirablewords, phrases, and forms of speech, I would call the attention of yourreaders to the modern phrases, "is anything but, " and the like, whichhave lately crept into use, and will be found, in many (otherwise)well-written books. 

I read the phrase "is anything but, " for the first time, in Napier's_Peninsular War_; where it struck me as being so much beneath thedignity of historical composition, and at the same time asserting animpossibility, that I meditated calling the author's attention to it. The not unfrequent use of the same phrase by other writers, since thattime, has by no means reconciled me to its use. 

In the _Edinburgh Review_ for January last (1850) I find the followingsentence:--"But as pains have been taken to fix the blame _upon any oneexcept_ the parties culpable;" and in the July number of the same_Review_ (p. 90. ) occurs the sentence, "_any impulse rather than_ that ofpatriotism, " &c. 

Now, a "thing, " or "person, " or "impulse, "--though it may not be the"thing, " or "person, " or "impulse" charged as the agent, --must yet besome _certain_ and _specific_ thing, or party, or impulse, {295} ifexisting as an agent at all in the matter; and cannot be "_any_ thing, "or "_any_ party, " or "_any_ impulse, " in the _indefinite_ sense intendedin these phrases. Moreover, there seems no difficulty in expressing, ina simple and direct manner, that the agent was a very different, oropposite, or dissimilar "thing, " or "person, " or "impulse" from thatsupposed. 

I wish some persons of competent authority in the science of ourlanguage (and many such there are who write in your pages) would take upthis subject, with a view to preserve the purity of it; and would also, for the future, exercise a watchful vigilance over the use, for the_first_ time, of any incorrect, or low words or phrases, in composition;and so endeavour to confine them to the vulgar, or to those who ape thevulgar in their style. 

P. H. F. 

_Fastitocalon. _--_Fastitocalon. Cod. Exon. _ fol. 96. B. P. 360. 18. Read[Greek: Aspido ... Chelonae]. Tychsen, _Physiologus Syrus_, cap. Xxx. :did the digamma get to Crediton by way of Cricklade?

F. Q. 

 * * * * *

QUERIES

BISHOP COSIN'S CONFERENCE. 

Basire in his _Dead Man's Real Speech_ (pp. 59, 60. ), amongst other"notable instances" of Bishop Cosin's zeal and constancy in defence ofthe Church of England, mentions

 "A solemn conference both by word and writing betwixt him and the Prior of the English Benedictines at Paris, supposed to be Robinson. The argument was concerning the validity of the ordination of our priests, &c. , in the Church of England. The issue was, our Doctor had the better so far, that he could never get from the Prior any reply to his last answer. This conference was undertaken to fix a person of honour then wavering about that point; the sum of which conference (as I am informed), was written by Dr. Cosin to Dr. Morley, the now Right Reverend Lord Bishop of Winchester, in two letters bearing date June 11, July 11, 1645. "

The substance of this conference has been preserved among the SmithManuscripts in the Bodleian Library; but it is not in the form ofletters to Dr. Morley. Vol. Xl. Of this valuable collection ofmanuscripts contains (as described in Smith's table of contents):--

 1. "Papers of Bp. Cosins in defence of the Ordination of the Church of England against father Prior. 

 "The first of these is Bp. Cosin's Review of the Father's Letter, &c. [the title-page is placed at p. 77. ]

 "Then follows a letter (which is indeed the Bishop's first paper, and should be put first) from Bishop Cosin to the Father. 

 "After that the Father's Answer to Bishop Cosin's Review at p. 81. 

 "Then come two other papers about the validity of our Ordination, with a preface concerning the occasion, p. 89. "

 2. "Then, p. 101. , A Letter from a _Rom. Cath. _ to a Lady about communicating in one kind, --with Bishop Cosin's Answer. "

 3. "Lastly, in p. 123. , is A Letter of Bp. Cosin's to Dr. Collins concerning the Sabbath. "

The order in which the papers under the first head, about our Englishordination, should fall, appears to be as follows:--

1. There is a note attached to p. 65. , evidently written by Dr. Tho. Smith himself in the following words:

 "Transcript of several papers of Bishop Cosin's sent to me by Dr. J. Smith, Prebendary of Durham. --T. S. "

2. At p. 77. The title-page is given thus:

 "A Review of a Letter sent from F. P. R. To a Lady (whom he would have persuaded to the Rom. Party) in Opposition to a former paper given him for the defence of the Church of England in the Ordination of Priests. "

To this are appended the respective forms of ordering priests used inthe Church of England and in the Roman Church. 

3. Then, at p. 89. , we have the "occasion of this ... Discourseconcerning the Ordination of Priests, " &c. This is a kind of preface, which contains the first paper that was given to the Prior, dated June14, 1645; also another paper, bearing date July 11, 1645, but endingabruptly in the middle of a sentence, and having written below it(probably in Dr. J. Smith's hand) the following note:

 "The rest of this is not yet found, and that which is written thus far is not in the Bishop's own hand, but the copy is very fair. "

However, this second paper (ending thus abruptly) appears to be no morethan the first draft of a long letter from Cosin to the Prior, whichcommences at p. 65. Of this MS. , and which is dated "from the Court ofS. Germains, July 11, 1645;" for not only does this letter bear the same_date_ as the before-mentioned fragment, but it begins by complaining ofthe tone of expression in a letter evidently received from the Priorafter the draft had been prepared, but before it was sent off; and itconcludes with the following note appended as a postscript:

 "Sir, "The enclosed (most of it) was prepared for you a fortnight since; but now (upon the occasion given by your letter) you have it with some advantage from

 "Your servt. , J. C. 

 "I desire the fav"

 "S. Germ. July 12. "

4. The most important part of this MS. , however, is contained in thelong letter or treatise {296} placed first in the volume, and bearingfor its title, "A View of F. P. 's Answer to the First Paper. "

This is dated from S. Germains, July 25, 1645 and would appear to beCosin's last letter. But, if it be really so, Basire must, I think, bein error, when he says, "Our Doctor ... Could never get from the Priorany reply to his last answer. " For at p. 81. Of the MS. There is a replyto the above "Review of a Letter sent by F. R. To a Lady, " &c. Which, though copied without either date or signature, was evidently written bythe Prior, whilst it professes to be a reply to a treatise closelyanswering to Cosin's letter of July 25, but which letter the writer didnot receive (as he states) before the 26th of September. 

I wish yet further to take notice, that Dr. Tho. Smith, in His _Vitæ_(Lond. 1707, præf. Pp. Vii, viii. ), refers to these manuscripts in thefollowing satisfactory manner:--

 "Cum, post mortem D. Cosini, de pretio et valore schedarum, quas reliquit, hæredibus non satis constaret, ... Auspieatò tandem devenit, ut favore, beneficio, et perquam insigni humanitate reverendi et doctissimi viri, D. Joannis Smith, Sacræ Theologiæ Professoris Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis Præbendarii, quorum frequens hac de re commercium literarum, occasione data, (opportunè intercedente prænobili et reverendo, D. Georgio Whelero, equite aurato, et Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Presbytero, ejusdem quoque Ecclesiæ Cathedralis Prebendario), habui, duos libellos (tanquam prætiosas tabulas ab isthoc infami naufragio servatas) a D. Cosino, dum in Galliâ exularet, Anglieè conscriptos jam possidieam: quarum unus _Vindicias Ordinatianum Ecclesieæ Anglicanæ_ contra exceptiones et cavillationes cujusdem Pontificii sacerdotis e gente nostra, alter _Responsionem ad Epistolam_ nobili fæminæ Anglæ ab alio saccrdote _pro defensione communionis sub unicâ specie administrandæ_ inscriptam, complectitur, " &c. 

I should still be glad to add to this long note the followng Queries:--

1. Can any of your readers kindly inform me whether Cosin's two lettersto Dr. Geo. Morley are still in existence, either in MS. Or in print?

2. Whether there be any fuller or more authentic account of thecontroversy than that in these MS. Preserved by the care of Dr. Smith?

3. Whether Cosin wrote any letter to the Prior _later_ than that of July25?

4. Who was the _lady_ the Prior wished to seduce to the Roman party?

5. Is there any other account of the controversy?

J. SANSOM. 

 * * * * *

ENGELMAN'S BIBILIOTHECA SCRIPTORUM CLASSICORUM. 

A little while ago, I ordered Engelman's _Bibliotheca ScriptoramClassicorum_, purporting to contain all such works published from 1700to 1846. It was furnished to my bookseller by a foreign bookseller in_London_ with an English title, having _his own_ name on it aspublisher, and an invitation to purchase the books described in it _fromhim_. As the paper and type were German, I objected and received inconsequence a new English title, with the same name upon it, and a_shorter_ invitation to purchase from him. I was captious enough toobject even to this; and I then received a Leipzig title in German. Butthere still remains a difficulty: for this German title has also thename of a _Parisian_ bookseller upon it, _a la maison duquel on peuts'adresser, &c. _ Now, as Engelman is a bookseller, and would probablynot object to an order out of his own catalogue, of which he is bothauthor and publisher, the preceding, circumstances naturally raise thefollowing Queries:

1. What is the real title-page of Engelman's _Catalogue_ 2. Is theParisian house accredited by Engelman; or has the former served thelatter as the London house has Served both? 3. Is it not desirable thatliterary men should set their faces very decidedly against all and everythe slightest alteration in the genuine description of a book? 4. Wouldit not be desirable that every such alteration should forthwith becommunicate to your paper?

The English title-page omits the important fact, that the _Catalogue_begins at 1700, and describes it as containing _all_ editions, &c. , upto 1846. 

A. DE MORGAN. 

September 24. 1850. 

 * * * * *

MINOR QUERIES. 

_Portrait of Sir P. Sidney, by Paul Veronese. _--In the letters of Sir P. Sidney which I found at Hamburg, and which were published by Pickering, 1845, it is stated that a portrait of Sidney was painted by PaulVeronese, at Venice, for Herbert Languet. It would be very interestingto discover the existence of this picture. 

Languet had it with him at Prague, _framed_, as he asserts, and hung upin his room, in the year 1575. He remarks upon it, in one place, that itrepresented Sidney as too young (he was nineteen when it was taken); inanother place he says that it has given him too sad an expression. Ishould add, that on Languet's death, his property passed into the handsof his friend Du Plessis. 

I am led to write to you on this subject, by having observed, a few dayssince, in the collection at Blenheim, two portraits by Paul Veronese, ofpersons unknown. There may be many such, and that of Sir Philip Sidneymay yet be identified. 

STEUART A. PEARS. 

Harrow, Sept. 6. 

_Confession. _--You would much oblige if you could discover the name of aCatholic priest, in {297} German history, who submitted to die ratherthan reveal a secret committed to him in confession?

U. J. B. 

_Scotch Prisoners at Worcester. _--In Mr. Walcott's _History of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster_, I find the following extract fromchurch wardens' accounts:--

 "1652. P'd to Thos. Wright for 67 loads of soyle laid on the graves in Tothill Fields, wherein 1200 Scotch prisoners, taken at the fight at Worcester, were buried; and for other pains taken with his teeme of horses, about mending the Sanctuary Highway, when Gen. Ireton was buried. "

I have taken the pains to verify this extract, and find the figuresquite correctly given. I wish to put the Query: Is this abominablemassacre in cold blood mentioned by any of our historians? But for suchunexceptionable evidence, it would appear incredible. 

C. F. S. 

_Adamson's Reign of Edward II. _--

 "The Reigns of King Edward II. , and so far of King Edward III. , as relates to the Lives and Actions of Piers Gaveston, Hugh de Spencer, and Roger Lord Mortimer, with Remarks thereon adapted to the present Time: Humbly addressed to all his Majesty's Subjects of Great Britain, &c. , by _J. Adamson_. Printed for J. Millar, near the Horse Guards, 1732, and sold by the Booksellers of London and Westminster, price One Shilling. "

The above is the title-page of a little work of eighty-six pages in mypossession, which I am inclined to think is scarce. It appears to be adefence of the Walpole administration from the attacks of the_Craftsman_, a periodical of the time, conducted by Amhurst, who wassupported by Bolinbroke and Pulteney, the leaders of the opposition. Isanything known of _J. Adamson_, the author?

H. A. E. 

_Sir Thomas Moore. _--Can any of your readers give any account of SirThomas Moore, beyond what Victor tells of him in his _History_ of theTheatre, ii. P. 144. , "that he was the author of an absurd tragedycalled _Mangora_ (played in 1717), and was knighted by George I. "

In Pope's "Epistle to Arbuthnot, " he writes--

 "Arthur, whose giddy son leglects the laws. "

on which Warburton notes--

 "_Arthur Moore, Esq. _"

Who was _Arthur Moore, Esq. _? and who was the "giddy son?" Was thelatter _James Moore Smith_ a gentleman whose family name was, I think, _Moore_, and who assumed (perhaps for a fortune) the additional name of_Smith_? This gentleman Pope seems to call indiscriminately _Moore_, _Moor_, and _More_: and when he says that his good nature towards thedunces was so great that he had even "rhymed for Moor" (Ib. V. 373. ), Icannot but suspect that the Moor _for_ whom he had _rhymed_, was the_giddy son_ whom _Arthur_ accused him of seducing from the law to theMuses. There are many allusions to this Mr. James Moore Smith throughoutPope's satirical works, but all very obscure; and Warburton, though heappears to have known him, affords no explanation as to who or what hewas. He was the author of a comedy called _The Rival Modes_. 

C. 

_Dr. E. Cleaver, Bishop of Cork. _--I shall feel much obliged to any ofyour correspondents who will furnish me with the particulars of theconsecration of Dr. Euseby Cleaver to the sees of Cork and Ross, inMarch, April, or May, 1789. Finding no record of the transaction in theDiocesan Registry of Cork, and not being able to trace it in any otherpart of _Ireland_, I am induced to believe that this consecration mayhave taken place in _England_; and shall be very glad to be correctlyinformed upon the point. 

H. COTTON. 

Thurles, Ireland. 

_Gwynn's London and Westminster. _--Mr. Thomas Frederick Hunt, in his_Exemplars of Tudor Architecture_, 4to. London, 1830, in a note at p. 23. , alludes to _London and Westminster improved, by John Gywnn, London_, 1766, 4to. , and has this remark:

 "It is a singular fact, that in this work John Gwynn pointed out almost all the designs for the improvement of London, which have been _devised_ by the civil and military architects of the present day. "

And Mr. Hunt concludes by observing, that--

 "This discovery was made by the _Literary Gazette_. "

Will you permit me, through the medium of your useful publication, tosolicit information of the number and date of the _Literary Gazette_which recalled public attention to this very remarkable fact?

§N. 

_Coronet. _--In Newbold Church, in the county of Warwick, is a monumentto the memory of Thomas Boughton of Lawford, and Elizabeth his wife, representing him in a suit of armour, with sword and spurs, _a coroneton his head_, and a bear at his feet, chained and muzzled. Query. --Canany of your readers give an accurate description of this coronet? Or canany of them mention instances of the monuments of esquires havingsimilar coronets? The date of his death is not given: his wife died inthe year 1454. 

Z. 

_Cinderella. _--Referring to Vol. Ii. , p. 214. , allow me to ask in whatedition of Perrault's _Fairy Tales_ the misprint of _verre_ from _vair_first occurs? what is the date of their first publication, as well asthat of the translation under the title of _Mother Goose's Tales_?whether Perrault was the originator of _Cinderella_, or from what sourcehe drew the tale? {298} what, moreover, is the authority for identifying_sable_ with _vair_ for the employment of either in designating thehighest rank of princesses?

SANDVICENSIS. 

_Judas' Bell, Judas' Candle_ (Vol. I. , pp. 195. 235. 357. ). --Some timesince I asked the meaning of a Judas' Bell, and your learnedcorrespondent CEPHAS replied that it was only a bell so christened afterSt. Jude, the apostle. However, it may have been connected with theJudas' tapers, which, according, to the subjoined entries, were usedwith the Paschal candle at Easter. May I trust to his kindness toexplain its purport?

 "_Reading Parish Accompts_. 

 "1499. Itm. Payed for making leng' Mr. Smyth's molde wt. A Judas for the Pascall--vJd. "

 "_St. Giles' Parish Accompts_. 

 "A. D. 1514. Paid for making a Judas for Pascall iiijd. "

 "_Churchwardens' Accompts of S. Martin, Outwich_. 

 "1510. Paid to Randolf Merchaunt Wex Chandiler for the Pascall, the tapers affore the Rode, the Cross Candelles, and Judas Candelles--viiijs. Iiijd. "

 "_St. Margaret's, Westminster. _

 "1524. Item payed for xij. Judacis to stand with the tapers--O ijd. O"

MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M. A. , Oxon. 

_Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen. _--In the _Chronicle of Queen Jane, andof Two Years of Queen Mary_, lately printed for the Camden Society(Appendix iv. P. 112. ), it is stated that, amongst other particulars inthe accounts of the Chamberlain of Colchester, at which place Mary wasentertained on her way to London, there is:--"For xxxviii. _dozen ofbread_, xxxixs. " In the language of the county from which I write, "adozen of bread" was (and I believe is yet) used to express either oneloaf, value twelvepence or two loaves, value sixpence each: and evenwhen the sizes and price of the loaves varied, it was used to expressthe larger loaf, or the two smaller loaves. A dozen of bread was alsodivided into six twopenny, or twelve penny loaves. 

But in the quotation above, thirty-eight dozen of bread are chargedthirty-nine shillings; whereas the extra one shilling, cannot be dividedinto aliquot parts, so as to express the value of each of thethirty-eight dozen of bread. 

What was a dozen of bread in 1553?

What is a _baker's dozen_, and why so called?

P. H. F. 

_Kongs skuggsia. _--Is anything, precise known of the date and origin ofthe Icelandic Kongs skuggsia. 

F. Q. 

_Coins of Gandophares. _--Coins of Gandophares, an Indian prince, aredescribed by Prinsep, _Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal_, and in Wilson's_Asiana_. The name is met with in the legends of St. Thomas can it befound elsewhere?

F. Q. 

_Satirical Medals. _--Is any printed account to be found of a veryelaborately executed series of caricature medals relating to therevolution of 1688?

F. Q. 

 * * * * *

REPLIES. 

GAUDENTIO DI LUCCA. 

(Vol. Ii. , p. 247. )

The work entitled _The Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di Lucca_ waspublished at London in 1737, in 1 vol. 8vo. It purports to be atranslation from the Italian, by E. T. Gent but this is a mere fiction. The work is evidently an English composition. It belongs to the class of_Voyages Imaginaires_, and its main object is to describe theinstitutions and manners of the Mezoranians, an Utopian community, supposed to exist in the centre of Africa. Sig. Gaudentio is able, by anaccident, to visit this people, by the way of Egypt, and to return toEurope; he resides at Bologna, where he falls under the suspicion of theInquisition, and having been brought before that tribunal, he describeshis former life, and his adventures in the country of the Mezoranians. 

A second London edition of this work, of the date of 1748, is mentionedin the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for Jan. 1777. There is an edition in12mo. , printed at Edinburgh, 1761. And there is another London edition, in 8vo. , of the year 1786. Copies of the editions of 1737 and 1786 arein the British Museum. 

There are two French translations of the work. One is of the date 1746, under the title of _Mémoires de Gaudentio di Lucca_. The second, of1754, by M. Dupuy Demportes, speaks of the first having been made by anEnglishman named _Milts_; but the person and name appear to befictitious. The first translation is said by Barbier, _Dict. DesAnonymes_, No. 11, 409, to have been revised by the Chevalier de SaintGermain, who made additions to it of his own invention. The secondtranslation is reprinted in the collection of _Voyages Imaginaires_, Amsterdam et Paris, 1787, tom. Vi. 

An anonymous writer in the _Gent. Mag. _ for Jan. 1777, vol. Xlvii. , p. 13. , speaking of Bishop Berkeley, says that "the _Adventures of SignorGaudentio di Lucca_ have been generally attributed to him. " The writerof the note added to the _Life of Berkeley_ in Kippis's _Biogr. Brit. _, 1780, vol. Ii. P. 261. , quotes this statement, and adds that the work isascribed to him by the booksellers in their printed catalogues. Thiswriter thinks that the authorship of Bp. Berkeley is consistent with theinternal evidence of the book but he furnishes no positive testimony onthe subject. {299}

In a letter from Mr. J. C. Walker to Mr. Pinkerton, of 19 Jan. , 1799(published in Pinkerton's _Literary Correspondence_, vol. Ii. , p. 41. ), Lord Charlemont is referred to as believing that Gaudentio di Lucca isfounded in fact; that Bishop Berkeley, when he was at Cairo, conversedwith persons who had attended a caravan, and that he learned from themwhat he narrated in the account of Gaudentio. This passage is cited inSouthey's _Common-place Book_, p. 204; but the work is manifestlyfictitious, and it does not appear that Berkeley, though he twicevisited the Continent, was ever out of Europe. 

The date of the publication of Gaudentio is quite consistent with theauthorship of Berkeley, who died in 1753; but the notice in the_Gentleman's Magazine_ only proves the existence of a rumour to thateffect; and the authentic _Life of Berkeley_, by Dr. Stock, chieflydrawn up from materials communicated by Dr. R. Berkeley, brother to theBishop, and prefixed to the collected edition of his work (2 vols. 4to. Lond. , 1784), makes no allusion to Gaudentio. There is nothing in thecontents of this work which renders it likely that the authorship shouldhave been carefully concealed by Bp. Berkeley and his family, if he hadreally been the author. The literary execution of Gaudentio is good; andit is probable that the speculative character of the work, and the factthat Berkeley had visited Italy, suggested the idea that he had composedit. The belief that Bishop Berkeley was the author of _Gaudentio diLucca_ may therefore be considered as unauthorised. 

The copy of the edition of _Gaudentio_ of 1786, which is preserved inthe British Museum, contains in the title-page the following note, inpencil:

 "Written originally in English by Dr. Swale of Huntingdon. See _Gent. Mag. _ 1786. "

The _Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1786 does not, however, contain anyinformation about the authorship of _Gaudentio_; and the name of Dr. Swale appears to be unknown in literary history. At the same time, apositive entry of this sort, with respect to an obscure person, doubtless had some foundation. On the authority of this note, Dr. Swaleis registered as the author of Gaudentio in the printed catalogue of theBritish Museum Library, whence it has passed into Watt's _Bibl. Brit. _Perhaps some of your correspondents, who are connected with Huntingdon, may be able to throw some light on Dr. Swale. 

Lastly, it should be added, that the writer of the article "Berkeley, "in the _Biographic Universelle_, adverts to the fact that _Gaudentio diLucca_ has been attributed to him: he proceeds, however, to say that--

 "The author of a Life of Berkeley affirms that Berkeley is not the author of that book, which he supposes to have been written by a Catholic priest imprisoned in the Tower of London. "

I have been unable to trace the origin of this statement; nor do I knowwhat is the _Life of Berkeley_, to which the writer in the _Biogr. Univ. _ refers. The Life published under the direction of his familymakes no allusion to Gaudentio, or to the belief that it was composed byBishop Berkeley. 

The _Encyclopédie Méthodique_, div. "Econ. Pol. Et dipl. " (Paris, 1784), tom. I. P. 89. , mentions the following work:--

 "La République des Philosophes, ou l'Histoire des Ajaoiens, relation d'un voyage du Chevalier S. Van Doelvett en Orient en l'an 1674, qui contient la description du Gouvernement, de la Religion, et des Moeurs des Ajaoiens. "

It is stated that this romance, though composed a century before, hadonly been lately published. The editor attributed it to Fontenelle, but(as the writer in the _Encycl. Méth. _ thinks) probably without reason. The title of Berkeley to the authorship of Gaudentio has doubtless nobetter foundation. 

L. 

[Dunlop, _Hist. Fiction_, iii. 491. , speaks of this romance as"generally, and I believe on good grounds, supposed to be the work ofthe celebrated Berkeley;" adding, "we are told, in the life of thiscelebrated man, that Plato was his favourite author: and, indeed, of allEnglish writers Berkeley has most successfully imitated the style andmanner of that philosopher. It is not impossible, therefore, that thefanciful republic of the Grecian sage may have led Berkeley to write_Gaudentio di Lucca_, of which the principal object apparently is todescribe a faultless and patriarchal form of governnent. " The subject isa very curious one, and invites the further inquiry of our valuedcorrespondent. --ED. ]

 * * * * *

ON A PASSAGE IN "THE TEMPEST. "

I was indebted to MR. SINGER for one of the best emendations in theedition of Shakspeare I superintended (vol. Vi. P. 559. ), and I have toomuch respect for his sagacity and learning to pass, without observation, his remarks in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. Ii. , p. 259. ), on theconclusion of the speech of Ferdinand, in "The Tempest, " Act iii. , Sc. 1. :--

 "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; Most busy, least when I do it. "

This is the way in which I ventured to print the passage, dependingmainly upon the old copies. In the folio, 1623, where the play for thefirst time appeared, the last line stands:

 "Most busie lest, when I doe it;"

and in that of 1632, "Most busie least, when I doe it:" {300}

so that the whole merit I claim that of altering the place of a comma, thereby, as I apprehend, rendering the meaning of the poet evident. Theprinciple upon which I proceeded throughout was that of making as littlevariation as possible from the ancient authorities: upon that principleI acted in the instance in question, and I frequently found that thiswas the surest mode of removing difficulties. I could not easily adducea stronger proof of this position, than the six words on which the doubtat this time has been raised. 

Theobald made an important change in the old text, and his reading hasbeen that generally adopted:--

 "Most busy-less when I do it. "

In restoring the old text I had, therefore, to contend withprepossession, against which, it seems, the Rev. Mr. Dyce was not proof, although I only know it from MR. SINGER'S letter, never having lookedinto the book in which I suppose, the opinion is advanced. 

One reason why I should reject the substitution of "busy-less, " even ifI had not a better mode of overcoming the difficulty, is properlyadverted to by MR. SINGER, viz. That the word was not in use in the timeof Shakspeare. The only authority for it, at any period, quoted inTodd's Johnson, is this very (as I contend) corrupted passage in theTempest; I have not met with it at all in any of the older dictionariesI have been able to consult; and unless the Rev. Mr. Dyce have been morefortunate, he was a little short-sighted, as well as a little angry, when he wrote his note upon mine. Had he taken more time to reflect, hemight have found that after all Theobald and I are not so much at odds, although he arrives at his end by varying from, and I at mine byadhering to, the ancient authorities. In fact, I gain some confirmationof what, I believe, is the true meaning of Shakspeare, out of the verycorruption Theobald introduced, and the Rev. Mr. Dyce, to my surprise, supports. I should have expected him to be the very last man who wouldadvocate an abandonment of what has been handed down to us in every oldedition of the play. 

The key of the whole speech of Ferdinand is contained in its veryoutset:--

 "There be some sports are painful, and their labour Delight in them sets off;"

and the poet has said nearly the same thing in "Macbeth:"

 "The labour we delight in physics pain. "

It is because Ferdinand delights in the labour that he does not feel itirksome:

 "This my mean task Would be as heavy to me as odious; but The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead, And makes my labours pleasure. "

He, therefore, tells us, at the close, that his labours are refreshed bythe sweet thoughts of her; that, in fact, his toil is no toil, and thatwhen he is "most busy" he "least does it, " and suffers least under it. The delight he takes in his "mean task" renders it none. 

Such I take to be the clear meaning of the poet, though somewhatobscurely and paradoxically expressed--

 "Most busy, least when I do it;"

and when Theobald proposed to substitute

 "Most busy-less when I do it, "

he saw, though perhaps not quite distinctly, that such was the poet'sintention, only, as I have said above, he arrived at it by altering, andI by adhering to, the poet's language. I may be allowed to add that Icame to my conclusion many years before I was asked to put my name to anedition of Shakspeare, which interrupted one of the most valuablefriendships I ever formed. 

MR. SINGER will see at once that my interpretation (which I considerquite consistent with the character of Shakspeare's mind, as well asquite consistent with the expressions he has used throughout the speechof the hero), steers clear of his proposal to alter "busie lest, " or"busie least, " of the folios of 1623 and 1632, to _busyest_ or_busiest_; although everybody at all acquainted with our old languagewill agree with him in thinking, that if Shakspeare had used "busiest"at all, which he does not in any of his productions, he might have said_most busiest_ without a violation of the constant practice of his day. 

J. PAYNE COLLIER. 

September 24. 1850. 

 * * * * *

GRAY'S ELEGY. 

Perhaps the HERMIT of HOLYPORT will be satisfied with proofs from GRAYhimself as to the time and manner of the first appearance of the_Elegy_. 

GRAY thus writes to Dr. Wharton, under the date of "Dec. 17, 1750. " [Iquote Mason's "Life" of its Author, p. 216. ]

 "The stanzas" [which he afterwards called _Elegy_ at the suggestion of Mason] "which I now enclose to you have had the misfortune, by _Mr. _ [Horace] _Walpole's fault_, to be made still more public, " &c. 

The next letter in Mason's publication is a letter from "Mr. Gray to Mr. Walpole" (p. 217. ), and is dated "_Cambridge, Feb. _ 11, 1751, " whichruns thus:--

 "As you have brought me into a little sort of distress, you must assist me, I believe, to get out of it as well as I can. Yesterday I had the misfortune of receiving a letter from certain gentlemen (as their bookseller expresses it) who have taken the Magazine of Magazines into their hands: they tell me that an {301} _ingenious_ poem, called 'Reflections in a Country Church-yard, ' has been communicated to them, which they are printing forthwith; that they are informed that the _excellent_ author of it is I by name, and that they beg not only his _indulgence_, but the _honour_ of his correspondence, &c.... I therefore am obliged to desire you would make Dodsley print it immediately _from your copy_, but without my name, &c. He must correct the press himself ... And the title must be 'Elegy written in a Country Church-yard. ' If he would add a line or two to say it came into his hand by accident, I should like it better ... If Dodsley do not do this immediately, he may as well let it alone. "

Dr. Johnson (_Life of Gray_) says:

 "His next production, 1750, was his far-famed _Elegy_, " &c. 

The Doctor adds:

 "Several of his [Gray's] pieces were published, 1753, with designs by Mr. Bentley, and that they might in some form or other make a book, only one side of each leaf was printed. I believe the poems and the plates recommended each other so well, that the whole impression was soon bought. "

It contains _six_ poems, one being the _Elegy_. I have before me a copyof this collection, which is folio. The plates are clever, and verycurious; a copy was sold at the Fonthill sale for 3l. 4s. ! The copy, admirably bound, which I quote, was bought at a bookseller'sfront-window stall for 4s. The title of this collection is "_Designs byMr. _ R. BENTLEY, _for six poems by Mr. _ J. GRAY. "

According to the title-page, it was "printed for R. DODSLEY, in PallMall, MDCCLIII. , " two years previously to the date to which yourcorrespondent refers. This (1753) collection gives the line, --

 "Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight. "

In the _Elegant Extracts_ (verse), ed. 1805, which, it must be needlessto mention, was prepared by the able and indefatigable Dr. VicesimusKnox, the accomplished scholar gives the line--

 "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight. "

Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_ does not insert the word "droning" or"drony;" but among his Illustrations attached to the verb "to drone, "there are two from Dryden, each, it may be seen, using the word"droning. " There is no quotation containing the word "drony. " Gray'slanguage is:

 "Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight, And drowsy _tinklings_ lull the distant folds. "

Johnson's second quotation from Dryden may be worth repeating, asshowing that Gray's language is not wholly different from hispredecessor's:--

 "Melfoil and honeysuckles pound, With these alluring savours strew the ground, And mix with _tinkling_ brass the cymbal's _droning_ sound. "

It is perhaps hardly worth noticing, that there is not uniformity evenin the title. Johnson calls it, _Elegy in the Church-yard_; Dodsley(1753) styles it, _Elegy written in a Country Church-yard_. 

A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. 

_Gray's Elegy_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 264. ). --The HERMIT OF HOLYPORT is referredto the 4to. Edit. Of the _Works of Gray_, by Thos. Jas. Mathias, inwhich, vol. I. At the end of the Elegy, in print, he will find "From theoriginal in the handwriting of Thos. Gray:

 "'Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight. '"

From the autograph the Elegy appears to have been written in 1750; andthe margin states, published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, and went throughfour editions in two months; and afterwards a fifth, sixth, seventh andeighth, ninth and tenth, and eleventh; printed also in 1753, with Mr. Bentley's designs, of which there is a second edition; and again byDodsley in his _Miscellany_, vol. Iv. ; and in a Scotch collection, called the _Union_. Translated into Latin by Chr. Anstey, Esq. , and theRev. Mr. Roberts, and published in 1762; and again in the same year byRob. Lloyd, M. A. The original MS. Of the above will be found among theMSS. Of Thos. Gray, in the possession of the Masters and Fellows ofPembroke House, Cambridge. 

W. S. 

Richmond, Sept 21. 1850

 * * * * *

BISHOPS AND THEIR PRECEDENCE. (Vol. Ii. , p. 254. )

Arun is not right, in reference to this Query, in saying that theprecedence of bishops over the temporal barons is regulated by thestatute of 31 Hen. VIII. The precedence of bishops over the temporallords is not regulated by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. For placing thelords. They may have originally been summoned to sit in parliament inright of their succession to certain baronial lands annexed to, orsupposed to be annexed to their episcopal sees; but as some of thetemporal peers were also summoned in right of lands held of the king_per baroniam_, that is not a satisfactory reason why they should takeprecedence of temporal barons. 

The precedency must have been regulated by some other laws, rules, orusage than are presented by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. The Archbishop ofCanterbury precedes the Lord Chancellor; the Archbishop of York the LordPresident of the Council and the Lord Privy Seal; and all bishopsprecede barons. This precedency, however, is not given by the _statute_. The Act provides only, in reference to the spiritual peers, that theVicegerent for good and due ministration of justice, to be had in allcauses and cases touching the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and for thegodly reformation and redress of all errors, heresies, and abuses in the{302} Church (and all other persons having grant of the said office), shall sit and be placed in all parliaments on the _right side_ of theparliament chamber, and upon the same form that the Archbishop ofCanterbury sitteth on, and above the same archbishop and his successors;and next to the said Vicegerent shall sit the Archbishop of Canterbury;and then, next to him, on the same form and side, shall sit theArchbishop of York; and next to him, on the same form and side, theBishop of London; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishopof Durham; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop ofWinchester; and then all the other bishops of both provinces ofCanterbury and York shall sit and be placed on the same side, aftertheir ancienties, as it hath been accustomed. 

There is nothing here to show in what order they are to rank among thegreat officers, or other temporal peers; nor is the precedency given tothe Lord Chancellor over the Archbishop of York. 

By the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland, the archbishops ofthat kingdom have rank immediately after the Archbishop of York, andtherefore before the great officers (excepting only the LordChancellor), as well as above dukes; and the Irish bishops immediatelyafter those of England. 

It may be rightly stated that the high spiritual rank of the bishops isa reason for giving them precedence over the temporal lords sitting asbarons; but has that _reason_ been assigned by any writer of authority, or even any writer upon precedence?--the Query suggested by E. (Vol. Ii. , p. 9. ) Lord Coke does not assign that reason, but says, becausethey hold their bishopricks of the king _per baroniam_. But the holding_per baroniam_, as before observed, would equally apply to the temporallords holding lands by similar tenures, and sitting by writ, andreceiving summons in ancient times in virtue of such their tenure. 

The precedence of bishops over barons was clearly _disputed_ in thereign of King Henry VI. , when Baker says in his _Chronicle_ (p. 204. ), _judgment_ was given for the _lords temporal_; but where the judgment, or any account of the dispute for precedence, is to be found I cannotsay. That is what your correspondent G. Inquired for (Vol. Ii. , p. 76. ). 

C. G. 

Your correspondent ARUN (Vol. Ii. , p. 254. ) states, on the authority ofStephen's _Blackstone_, that--

 "Bishops are temporal barons, and sit in the House of Peers in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed or supposed to be annexed to their episcopal lands. "

This position, though supported by Lord Coke in more places than one(see _Coke upon Littleton_, 134. _a, b_; 3 _Inst. _ 30. ; 4 _Inst. _ 44. ), and adopted by most other legal text-writers on his authority, cannot, it is conceived, be supported. It seems to be clearly ascertained thatbishops sat in the great councils of this and other kingdoms not_ratione baroniarum_ but _jure ecclesiarum_, by custom, long before thetenure _per baroniam_ was known. In the preambles to the laws of Ina(Wilkins' _Leges Ang. -Sax. _ f. 14. ), of Athelstan (_ib. _ 54. ), of Edmund(_ib. _ 72. ), the bishops are mentioned along with others of the greatcouncil, whilst the tenure _per baroniam_ was not known until after theConquest. The truth seems to be that

 "The bishops of the Conqueror's age were entitled to sit in his councils by the general custom of Europe and by the common law of England, which the conquest did not overturn. "--Hallam's _Mid. Ag. _ 137-8, 9th ed. 

Can any of your readers throw any light on the much disputed tenure _perbaroniam_? What was its essential character, what its incidents, and inwhat way did it differ from the ordinary tenure _in capite_?

BARO. 

 * * * * *

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. 

_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. Ii. , pp. 9. 92. ). --This subject receives interesting illustration in the _Memoirs ofGervas Holles_, who at some length describes the seduction of the LadySheffield, by Leicester, at Belvoir Castle, while attending the Queen onher Progress. A letter from the Earl to the lady of his love, containedthe suspicious intimation--

 "_That he had not been unmindful in removing that obstacle_ which hindered the full fruition of their contentments; that he had endeavoured one expedient already which had failed, but he would lay another which he doubted not would hit more sure. "

This letter the Lady Sheffield accidentally dropped from her pocket; andbeing picked up and given to the Lord Sheffield by his sister Holles, heread it with anger and amazement. That night he parted beds, and thenext day houses; meditating in what manner he might take honourable andjust revenge. Having resolved, he posted up to London to effect it; butthe discovery had preceded him to the knowledge of Leicester, whofinding a necessity to be quick, bribed an Italian physician ("whosename, " says Holles, "I have forgotten") in whom Lord Sheffield had greatconfidence, to poison him, which was immediately effected after hisarrival in London. Leicester, after cohabiting with the Lady Sheffieldfor some time, married the widow of the Earl of Essex, who, it isthought, says Holles, "_served him in his own kind, every way_. "

In the suit afterwards instituted by Sir Robert Dudley, with the view ofestablishing his legitimacy, the Lady Sheffield was examined, and swore{303} to a private marriage with the Earl of Leicester, but that she hadbeen prevailed on, by threats and pecuniary largesses, to deny themarriage, as Queen Elizabeth was desirous that Lord Leicester shouldmarry the widow of the Earl of Essex. 

One curious circumstance arises out of the revival of these dark doings. Are the particular drugs employed by Leicester's Italian physician "inremoving obstacles" now known and in operation? By a remarkablecoincidence, in a case of supposed poisoning at Cheltenham, some timesince, the intended victim escaped with the loss of his hair and hisnails. 

H. K. S. C. 

_What is the correct Prefix of Mayors?_ (Vol. I. , p. 380. )--In Leicesterthe usage has always been to designate the chief magistrate "Theworshipful the Mayor, " which, I believe, is the style used in_boroughs_. In _cities_, and places _specially privileged_, "Rightworshipful" are the terms employed. 

JAYTEE. 

_Marks of Cadency_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 248. ). --The label of the Prince ofWales has, from the time of Edward III. Up to the present time, been ofthree points argent, and _not_ charged. 

F. E. 

 * * * * *

MISCELLANEOUS. 

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. 

Although we do not usually record in our columns the losses whichliterature sustains from time to time, we cannot permit the death ofThomas Amyot, the learned Director of the Camden Society, and for somany years the Treasurer of the Society of Antiquaries, to pass withoutrendering our grateful tribute to the memory of one of the mostintelligent and kindest-hearted men that ever breathed; from whom we, incommon with so many others, when entering on our literary career, received the most friendly assistance, and the most encouragingsympathy. 

Every fifty years commences a discussion of the great question when thecurrent century, or half century, properly begins. We have just seenthis in the numerous Queries, Answers, Replies, and Rejoinders upon thesubject which have appeared in the columns of the daily and weeklypress; the only regular treatise being the essay upon _Ancient andModern Usage in Reckoning_, by professor De Morgan, in the _Companion tothe Almanack_ for the present year. This Essay is opposed to the idea ofa "zero year, " and one of the advocates of that system of computationhas, therefore, undertaken a defence of the zero principle, which hepronounces, "when properly understood, is undoubtedly the most correctbasis of reckoning, " in a small volume entitled, _An Examination of theCentury Question_, and in which he maintains the point for which he iscontending with considerable learning and ingenuity. All who areinterested in the question at issue, will be at once amused andinstructed by it. 

Mr. Charles Knight announces a new edition of his _PictorialShakespeare_ under the title of the National Edition; to contain thewhole of the Notes, Illustrations, &c. , thoroughly revised; and which, while it will be printed in a clear and beautiful type across the page, and not in double columns, will have the advantage of being much cheaperthan the edition which he originally put forth. 

_The Declaration of the Fathers of the Councell of Trent concerning thegoing into Churches at such Times as Hereticall Service is said orHeresy preached, &c. _, is a reprint of a very rare tract, whichpossesses some present interest, as it bears upon the statement whichhas been of late years much insisted on by Mr. Perceval and otherAnglican controversialists, that for the first twelve years ofElizabeth's reign, and until Pius V. 's celebrated Bull, _Regnans inExcelsis_, the Roman Catholics of England were in the habit offrequenting the Reformed worship. 

We have received the following Catalogues:--W. S. Lincoln's (CheltenhamHouse, Westminster Road) Sixty-first Catalogue of English and ForeignSecond-hand Books; W. D. Reeve's (98. Chancery Lane) Catalogue No. 13. OfCheap Books, many Rare and Curious; R. Kimpton's (31. Wardour Street, Soho) Catalogue No. 29. Of Second-hand Books in good Condition at veryreduced Prices. 

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BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE. 

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS FOR 1780, 1784, 1790, and 1829. 

OXFORD UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS for 1750, 1768, 1806. 

BEN JONSON by CLIFFORD. 8vo. Vols. II. , III. , and IV. 

Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to besent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES, " 186. Fleet Street. 

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NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. 

VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copiousIndex, is now ready, price 9s. 6d. , bound in cloth, and may be had, byorder, of all Booksellers and Newsmen. _

_We are unavoidably compelled to postpone numerous NOTES, QUERIES, ANDREPLIES: indeed we see no way of clearing off our accumulation ofREPLIES without the publication of an extra Number, to be devotedexclusively to the numerous Answers which we now have waiting forinsertion. _

GUTCH'S Literary and Scientific Regsiter and Almanack, _advertised inour last No. , is for_ 1851 _not_ 1850. 

Mr. G. B. RICHARDSON _would oblige us by forwarding the additional versesof_ "Long Lonkin" _for our correspondent_ SELEUCUS. 

A CONSTANT SUBSCRIBER _will find the line_, "Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast, "

_in Congreve's_ Mourning Bride. 

JANUS DOUSA. _In our next No. _

MEDICUS, _who inquires respecting the origin of the proverbial saying, "Quem Deus vult perdere, " is referred to our First Volume_, pp. 347. 351. 421. And 476. _The original line reads "Quem Jupiter vult, " and isBarnes' translation of a fragment of_ Euripides. {304}

 * * * * *

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXIV. , is published THIS DAY. 

CONTENTS: I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. II. CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES. III. FORMS OF SALUTATION. IV. SIBERIA AND CALIFORNIA. V. MURE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE. VI. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY. VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. VIII. COCHRANES'S YOUNG ITALY. IX. LAST DAY OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE. 

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. 

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Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the otherAlmanacks, THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1851. Price 3s. 6d. 

Dedicated by especial permission to H. R. H. Prince Albert, by J. W. G. GUTCH, M. R. C. S. L. , F. L. S. ;

Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information alikevaluable to the student and man of science. 

Tenth Yearly issue. 

Published by D. BOGUE, Fleet Street, London

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Shortly will be Published. 

THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW. A Literary Periodical devoted toWorks appertaining to the Art and Science of Architecture. Prospectusesmay be obtained from the Publisher. Letters for the Editor, and books, drawings, models, and specimens, to be addressed to the care of thePublisher. 

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. 

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Royal 4to. , cloth, price 2l. 2s. 

EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and drawn fromSketches and Measurements taken on the Spot, with DescriptiveLetterpress. By FRANCIS T. DOLLMAN, Architect. 

This Work contains thirty quarto Plates, three of which are highlyfinished in Colours, restored accurately from the existing indications. The Pulpits delineated are St. Westburga, Chester: SS. Peter and Paul, Shrewsbury; St. Michael, Coventry; St. Mary, Wendon; St. Mary and AllSaints, Fotheringay; All Saints, North Cerney; Holy Trinity, Nallsea;St. Peter Winchcombe; St. John Baptist, Cirencester; St. Mary, Totness;St. Mary, Frampton. Holy Trinity, Old Aston; St. Benedict, Glastonbury;St. Peter, Wolverhampton: St. Andrew, Cheddar (coloured); St. Andrew, Banwell; St. George, Brakworth; Holy Trinity, Long Sutton (coloured);St. Saviour, Dartmouth (coloured); All Saints, Sudbury; All Saints, Hawstead; St. Mary de Lode, Gloucester; St. Mary, North Petherton. 

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ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND: being Examples of AntiqueFurniture, Plate, Church Decoration, Objects of Historical Interest, &c. Drawn and etched by W. B. SCOTT. 

"A collection of antiquarian relics, chiefly in the decorative branch ofart, preserved in the northern counties, portrayed by a very competenthand ... All are drawn with that distinctness which makes them availablefor the antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for thestudy of decorative art. "--_Spectator. _

Parts III. And IV. , completing the Work, are in preparation, and will bepublished shortly. 

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THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No CLXXXVIII. , will be publishd on THURSDAY, October 10th, 1850. 

 I. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. II. THE UNITED STATES. III. BRITISH MUSEUM: CATALOGUE OF PRINTED BOOKS. IV. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF ANTIENT GREECE. V. COL. CHESNEY'S EXPEDITION TO THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS. VI. RECENT CLASSICAL ROMANCES. VIII. DIFFICULTIES OF REPLUBLICAN FRANCE. IX. HORACE AND TASSO. 

London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. And C. BLACK. 

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MR. L. A. LEWIS'S SALES for OCTOBER, 1850, FRIDAY 11TH. , and SATURDAY12th. Valuable Books, Architechural Books, Books of Prints, &c. , fromthe West of England, including Stuart and Revett's Antiquities ofAthens, 4 vols. ; unedited Antiuities of Attica; Piranesi Campus MartiusAntiqua Orbis; Houghton Gallery, 2 vols; Bowyer's Hume's England;Rogers' Collection of Prints, 2 vols. ; Knorr, Deliciæ Naturæ Selectæ, 2vols. ; Tableaux Historiques de la Révolution Française, 2 vols. ; Stow'sLondon, by Strype, 2 vols. ; Domesday Book, 2 vols. ; Edmondson'sHeraldry, 2 vols. ; Illustrated London News, 11 vols. ; EncyclopædiaMetropolitana, 29 vols. ; Neale's Gentlemen's Seats, 6 vols. ; Loddiges'Botanical Cabinet, 10 vols. , large paper; Maund's Botanic Garden, 9vols. ; Sweet's Geraniums, 5 vols. ; Beauties of England and Wales, 32vols. ; Hogarth's Works, 3 vols. , red morocco; Knight's London, 6 vols. ;Retrospective Review, 14 vols. ; Bayle, Dictionnaire Historique, 16vols. ; Lodge's Illustrious Portraits, 10 vols. ; Knight's PictorialBible, 3 vols. ; Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, 6 vols. ; a fewPictures and Prints, &c. 

FRIDAY, 18TH, AND SATURDAY, 19TH. --Books, including the stock of thelate Mr. C. Whiten. 

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Just published, Part 9, price 9s. , plain; Tinted, small paper, 10s. 6d. ;Proof, large paper, 12s. 

THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early andMiddle Pointed Structures; with a few of the pures; Late PointedExamples, Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By HENRYBOWMAN and J. S. CROWTHER, Architects. Containing Illustrations of St. Peter's Church, Thrukingham, Norfolk; St. John's, Cley, Norfolk; and St. Andrew's, Heckington, Lincolnshire. 

To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperialfolio. Issued at intervals of two months. 

"Ewerby is a magnficent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. Itis most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the mostrcondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in thesePlates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph asthis will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies orthe United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. ThePlates are on stone, done with remarkable skill and distinctness. OfHeckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-eastpresents a very vision of beauty; we can hardle conceive anything moreperfect. We heartlily recommend this series to all who are able topatronize it. "--_Ecclesiologist_, Oct. 1849. 

"This, if completed in a similar manner to the Parts now out, will be abeautiful and valuable work. The perspective of St. Andrew's, Heckington, is a charming specimen of lithography, by Hawkins. Weunhesitatingly recommend Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's work to ourreaders, as likely to be useful to them. "--_Builder_. 

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. 

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Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. NewStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; andpublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. FleetStreet aforesaid. --Saturday, October 5. 1850.