John Haynes Holmes (November 29, 1879 – April 3, 1964) was a prominent Unitarian minister and pacifist, noted for his anti-war activism. He was born in Philadelphia in 1879 and studied at Harvard (graduating in 1902) and Harvard Divinity School (1904), before becoming minister of the Unitarian Community Church in New York. He married Madeleine Baker; they had two children, Roger and Frances. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) in 1909, and also the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) in 1920, which he later chaired. He also served as the Senior Minister of the Community Church of New York from 1907-1949. He left the American Unitarian Association (AUA) in 1918 due to differences over its policy towards World War I, but continued to preach at his church which retained its AUA membership. He rejoined the AUA shortly before the Unitarian and Universalist churches merged. He was a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Award. Following the publication of a cartoon[1] by Theodor Geisel (better known as Dr. Seuss) mocking Holmes in the New York newspaper PM on Jan. 13, 1942, there was an outcry from supporters of the minister. Geisel responded Jan. 21, 1942 (ellipses in original): But right now, when the Japs are planting their hatchets in our skulls, it seem like a hell of a time for us to smile and warble: "Brothers!" It is a rather flabby battlecry. If we want to win, we've got to kill Japs, whether it depresses John Haynes Holmes or not. We can get palsy-walsy afterward with those that are left.[1]