Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: §§ 1-3] Sovereignty and Dependence. 13 not led an independent existence. The closeness of association varies all the way from a friendly alliance, like that of Athens and Thebes, to the most concentrated federal unions, like the government of Mexico. It is, however, not difficult to separate and to classify those combinations which have no federal organization and are based on no federal principle: there are what might be termed satellite combinations, in which one state is paramount over the others; there are combinations through hereditary monarchies; there are alliances and leagues. These three classes shade into each other; and the leagues are hard to distinguish from the lesser forms of federation. § 3. Dependent states. — In the subordinate or satellite combinations, a so-called state or a group of states is partially subject to a superior state, and has not complete sovereignty. The relation takes various forms.1 There are " protectorates," like that of Italy over the Republic of San Marino. Sometimes the superior state "administers" the weaker one; this is the case with Austria and Bosnia. More frequently the subordinate state has a separate organization, but pays tribute ; this was a familiar relation in ancient times, and is illustrated to-day in the Ottoman Empire, "the classical home as well of composite as of vassal states." In Europe the relation has taken the form of feudalism, with its complexus of dependent communities, many of them having subsidiary communities under them. The tendency of modern times has been to simplify and to centralize these complicated systems; but in the so-called " dependencies"2 of the great modern states we have the same principle. The Roman provinces, especially the more distant, were subjected to special burdens and restric... --This text refers to the Paperback edition.