INVESTIGATIONS OF DETONATORS AND ELECTRIC DETONATORS - 1913 - CONTENTS - Pam. Introduction .............................................................. 5 Preliminary considerations .................................................. 7 Theory of detonation ....................................................... 9 Detonation of high explosives .............................................. 10 Electric detonators tested .................................................. 11 Explosives used in the tests .................................................. Tests previously used to determinestrength of detonators and electric detonators . Tests for determining directly the strength of P . T . S . S . electricdetonaton ... Character of electric detonators tested .................................... Squirted lead block tests ................................................ Cast lead block tests .................................................... Tests by explosion of detonating fuse Cordeau detonant by influence .... Tests by depression of lead plates ........................................ The nail test ......................................................... Tests for determining indirectly the strength of P . T . S . S . electric detonators .. Rate-of-detonation tests ................................................ Teats with an explosive of class 1, subclass a ......................... Tests with an explosive of clam 1, subclass b ......................... Tests with a 20 per cent straight nitroglycerin dynamite ........... Tests with a 40 per cent strength ammonia dynamite containing nitrosubstitution compounds ........................................... Testa with a 40 per cent strength ammonia dynamite ................. Tests with a 35 per cent strength gelatin dynamite 2 years old ....... Tests with a 40 per cent strength gelatin dynamite, frozen ........... Tests with a 35 per cent strength gelatin dynamite 3 years old ........ Small lead block tests ................................................... Tests with a 20 per cent straight nitroglycerin dynamite with 6 per cent of added water .......................................... Tests with a 20 per cent straight nitroglycerin dynamite, frozen and containing leas than 6 per cent of added water ................. Tests with a 20 per cent straight nitroglycerin dynamite, frozen and containing 6 per cent of added water .......................... Tests with a 40 per cent strength ammonia dynamite with 6 per cent of added water ................................................... Tests with a 40 per cent strength gelatin dynamite, frozen ............ Explosion-by-influence tests ............................................. Tests with an explosive of class 1, subclass a ......................... Tests with an explosive of class 4 ............ .. .................... Tests with a 40 per cent strength-ammonia dynamite containing nitrosubstitution compounds ..................................... Tests with a 35 per cent strength gelatin dynamite 2 years old ........ Percentages of detonations in indirect tests of P . T . S . S . electric detonators . Comparative explosive efficiency ........................................ Comparative explosive efficiency of P . T . S . S . electric detonators ........ Testa of four No . 6 electric detonators of different makes ...................... Physical examination ................................................. Weight and composition of charges ...................................... Results of calorimeter Gsts ............................................. Squirted lead block testa ....................................