Laundry Manual k L. RAY BALDERSTON DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE IN BOARDMAN MANUAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL, NEW HAVEN, CONN. INSTRUCTOR OF LAUNDERING IN TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AND INSTRUCTOR OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE IN DREXEL INSTITUTE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. - PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION. ADVANTAGE has been taken of the opportunity afforded by the increasing demand for a fifth edition of this manual to improve and enlarge it in accordance with the original pur- poses of the book. The chapters on stains and cleansing have been enlarged, and chapters on the methods of soap making and disinfecting clothing have been introduced. Other additions have been made, all intended to add to the usefulness of the book. MAY, 1913. CONTENTS . ................... ..................... .................................... ................................. ............................... ................................ ............................... ................................. PAGE CHAPTER 1.-outline of Laundry Work 7 CHAPTER 11.-General Laundry Work 11 CHAPTER 111.-Stains 18 Removal 19 CHAPTER 1V.-Table Linen 26 Bed Linen 29 CHAPTER V.-Body Linen 35 CHAPTER V1.-Flannels. 42 CHAPTER VI1.-Shirts. CHAPTER VII1.-Colored Shirt Waists. Collars and Cuffs ........ 45 Clothes ........................... 51 Stockings ................................. 52 CHAPTER 1X.-Embroideries 53 .............................. Laces .................................... 54 Clear Starching ........................... 54 ................................. ...................... CHAPTER X.-Cleansing 56 CHAPTER XI.-Disinfecting Clothing 60 CHAPTER XI1.-Making Soap and other Recipes ............. 62 CHAPTER XII1.-Reagents ................................. 67 CHAPTER XIV.-Outline of Courses for Teachers ............. 72 .. CHAPTER I. PROCESS OF WASHING ALL CLOTHES IN GENERAL. Washing is a mechanical means of removing dirt. A clothes board is used and the clothes are rubbed so as to remove the dirt. If some of the clothes are very coarse and dirty, they may be cleaned with a short, small scrubbing brush. This is good for hand towels and overalls. The clothes are washed first on the right side and then are turned and washed on the wrong side. Rinsing.-After the two washings, the clothes should be rinsed in clear water so as to remove any loose dirt before putting them into the boiler. Boiling.-The clothes, after being rinsed, are wrung and soaped all over, and placed in the boiler with clear, cold water. A few pieces of soap may be thrown into the boiler for suds. After coming to a boil the clothes should boil briskly for five min- utes briskly, so as to keep the scum from settling on them. If they are not clean they may boil longer.. Use a clothes-stick to open the clothes and to take them from the boiler. Rinsing is again necessary after boiling. The water should be cold and clear. Two waters for rinsing will whiten the clothes and will remove all soap. Clothes should always be rinsed well before bluing as the soap and blue combine and cause iron rust. Laundry Manual. 1 Bluing.-Blue water is made by adding indigo to clear cold water. If lumps of indigo are used, they should be tied in a cloth and then rubbed in the water until the water is the required color. Test by holding in the palm of the hand, or by bluing a small garment. Blue water should not be too deep in color. The bag of bluing should be tightly squeezed before putting it away, to prevent the wasting of the blue. The clothes should be opened well before going into the bluing, so that they will not be streaked with blue. The clothes, if quite yellow, may remain in the blue water a little while...