Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: LECTURE III. THE COMMERCE OF TYRE AND CARTHAGE. Origin of Navigation. Rise of Tyre and Carthage Maritime Power—Influence of Navigation on Commerce—Advantages of an Insular Situation — Ships of the Ancients — Long Voyages — Carrying Trade. Manufactures—Weaving— Dyeing — Pottery — Tanning — Working of Metals. Colonies—Colonial Trade—Rate of Wages—Emigration. Accumulation of Capital —Credit—Banking—Bottomry—Partnerships — Joint Stock Companies. Commercial Character of the Carthaginians. In my first Lecture I laid down some of the elementary . principles of commercial science. We stated that the commerce of a country depended on its productions—on its consumption —on its position—on its means of communication—on the state of its arts and sciences—on the nature of its laws, and on the genius andcharacter of the people. We endeavoured to illustrate these propositions by facts taken from the history of Ancient Egypt. In my last Lecture we traced the progress of society from an uncivilized to a commercial state; we viewed the establishment of the right of private property — the administration of justice — the founding of cities—the appointment of markets and fairs—and the introduction of money and bankers. These principles we endeavoured to illustrate by facts taken from the history of Ancient Greece. We now view society arrived at a state of maturity. Property is respected— the laws are enforced—the arts and sciences are cultivated—the necessaries of life are acquired—a taste for luxury has arisen—and the people are looking about in quest of the means to enrich themselves with those productions which their own soil and climate cannot supply. If we wish to trace the means by which these desires are gratified, how can we do better than to investigate the history of Tyre a... --This text refers to an alternate Paperback edition.