Under the above title, rather more than twenty years ago, Col. Irby produced a modest little octavo volume which at once secured a high position in ornithological literature. It treated of the natural history of the north - western portion of Morocco, from Tangier southwards to a little beyond Larache, and for about twelve miles inland, beyond which excursions were in those days difficult, not to say dangerous; while on the Spanish side the area embraced was far wider, comprising the country between Cadiz, Gibraltar, Malaga, Granada, Cordova, Seville, and down the Guadalquivir to the great marshy delta of that river. Birds, their habits and modification, with the dates of arrival and departure in the case of migrants the results of several years' experience formed the principal feature; but there was a great deal of valuable information about mammals, reptiles, and other subjects in the work, and it became a handbook for the naturalist traveler in the South as much as the book of reference for the student at home.